2631 samples of this type
Introduction Workplace diversity has become an essential characteristic of contemporary companies and organizations. It is crucial to view the process not as a tendency brought by political correctness but as a necessary mechanism to bring more perspective into work and thus enhance its results overall. One of the spheres that,...
Abstract High chances are that human sex traffickers widely understand technology as a propagator of criminal activities. In an attempt to discover this truth, the paper provides an introduction that describes human sex trafficking before taking a specific approach of understanding the vice in Houston, Texas. The paper also discovers...
The issue connected with the use of marijuana has passed through many generations and has been discussed in many cultures from different points of view. Today the attitude of the public to the use of marijuana has changed greatly. A lot of people in the world use marijuana as medicine...
In the U.S there have been various attempts in the promotion of the reforms in the health care sector over many years. This year 2010, the Obama administration has been able to enact the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act even after a raucous republican opposition an exercise that is...
The United Nations conventions against torture recognize torture as an act that inflicts intense physical or psychological suffering pain and suffering. Torture is commonly used by state authorities around the world as a form of punishment to people who have committed crimes; people suspected to have committed crimes or as...
To advocate is to act as a voice of someone or a particular group and mostly in their defense or for a certain course. This is commonly done in groups or individuals who are not able to speak for themselves. Advocacy is therefore a form of consultation since it involves...
The principle of power separation is a universally accepted tool, ensuring that democratic values are preserved within a nation. Judiciary serves as an indispensable element of this system, as its objective is to confirm the legitimacy of all actions taken by other branches of the government. Accordingly, it plays a...
In general, statutory rape laws are uncontroversial. Few people object to harsh prison sentences for adults who sexually prey on minors. However, in practice these laws are not always so straightforward. Some statutory rape cases do not involve stereotypical child molesters, but rather statutory “rapists” not much older than the...
Introduction The Miranda right is a constitutional right for every citizen in America when arrested and put in custody. According to Einesman (2000), non-citizens can also exercise this constitutional right. The Miranda right come about after the ruling in the Supreme Court case of Miranda and Arizona held in 1966....
Treating the employees in a way that is comfortable for them is crucial when it comes to employer-employee relations. Thus, every state has legislation that protects the rights of the workers as well as their health and safety. It is also important to provide the employees with an appropriate level...
Facts Lem Moon Sing was a Chinese merchant with a permanent domicile in the United States before the Act of Congress passed in 1894. This particular act, also known as the General Appropriation Act of Congress, sought to exclude or establish conditions that checked the entry and operation of aliens...
A criminal justice system of any country is meant to ensure justice and maintain law and order in the society. A good criminal justice system must therefore provide for safer environs and reduced crime in a country. The US Criminal justice system seems to have failed on this account if...
The criminal justice profession implies fulfilling duties that meet the needs of various populations. All individuals and societal groups need security and protection, and meeting those needs make this profession valuable and rewarding. It makes both professionals and people feel proud and honorable. The functions of the criminal justice are...
Abstract The United States has a dual court system with two types of courts: the federal courts and the state courts. The idea of the dual court system is misleading because there are 50 court systems in each state, plus the federal system, and the courts of Washington, D.C. (Carmen,...
The Time’s Up movement is gaining more ground in the United States since multiple cases of sexual harassment appear in the media. Significantly, the movement became popular when celebrities claimed to encounter sexual crimes throughout their lives, which inspired many U.S. residents to file for similar cases (MsMojo, 2018). Yet,...
International students are the students who go to other countries to study and because of this, they face a lot of problems. They are a vulnerable group who face common security problems because of several factors that include demographic factors, lack of stable economic security, limited options to employment, housing...
Abstract This report will provide an explanation of the high rate of crime in the Lisbon region, particularly in the municipalities of Loures, Amadora, and Sintra. This will also provide possible ways of intervention or prevention. There is a need for explaining crime in the context of criminal theory because...
Introduction The circumstances under which a person can be charged with attempted murder tend to differ in various countries. In Britain for instance, a person can only be charged with attempted murder when there is evidence of intention to kill, which is motive and prove of premeditated acts of the...
Domestic violence is a serious problem of many modern families, especially taking into consideration the fact that many victims do not report it as they are not aware of domestic violence laws. It is more important that they do not understand how these laws can help them avoid or prevent...
The main desire and liability of any criminal justice system is securing the public safety. Holding up the offenders in the respective correctional facilitates assists in securing the public safety. The management of correctional system is associated with the rise of gangs in prisons. According to Berestein (2008), the criminal...
Sexual assault is quite a common type of crime. In the majority of cases, females become victims of sexual assault though males (especially young boys) can also be victimized (Bramsen, Elklit & Nielsen, 2009). This paper will focus on sexual abuse against women. Rape is a form of sexual abuse....
The agreement of both Brian and Harry for the sale of model trains should have had a written agreement or contract in order for it to be valid. Article 2 section 201 (a) on formal requirements states that: “A contract for the sale of goods for the price of $5,000...
Securities fraud Securities fraud, which is also referred to as stock fraud or investment fraud, is generally a deceptive exercise in the stock markets aimed at inducing investors into making purchases or sales based on falsified information. It often results in huge losses and violates the law of securities (Blanck,...
Introduction Major advances in biological sciences have yielded new ways of tackling various environmental and health problems. According to the European Medicines Agency (EMA), novel areas of research such the stem cells continue to reveal enormous potential health benefits such as development of clinical therapies for degenerative diseases such as...
Introduction Criminal Proceedings are based on the presented facts that enable formulation of credible judgment by the presiding officers. Evidently, cases of criminal nature are complicated and require superior understanding of the presented issues by the parties involved in the suit. In practice, cases of criminal nature are becoming common...
Introduction One of the most critical areas in a country’s economy is the health sector. The main reason is the fact that raising a healthy nation replicates its benefits all across other sectors of the country. This paper is a revisit of the health care law to respond to certain...
Abstract The aim of forming a corporation is to protect owners from the liabilities and debts of their ventures. This ensures the growth of the business. However, we must establish whether courts will reach a point where they will take a separate business enterprise as a means of achieving an...
Adolescents tend to behave in a manner that is contrary to the accepted rules. They engage themselves in activities such as underage smoking and abuse of drugs in an attempt to find their place in the world. Juvenile offending or delinquency refers to the illicit demeanor of minors. Research suggests...
Ineffectiveness of Self Control Theory on Child Rearing In a family, children are of high significance especially on the traits and image they portray to the outside world. Parental care is more concerned with the behavior towards characters the children inherit from the maternal parents (Susan, 2006). The children depict...
Issue’s summary Defendant went to the victim’s house supposedly to look at and buy a rifle owned by the victim. When the victim gave the rifle to the defendant to inspect, he turned the rifle on the victim and refused to give the rifle back. Introduction Under the US criminal...
Introduction Crime can be defined as the breach of the laws and rules which govern a people. Such a breach would warrant the authority to give a conviction or a caution. However, crime is defined differently by different societies. Every crime violates the law; however, not every violation of the...
Introduction The justice system in the early 20th century was different from the current justice system in terms of the goals held paramount by the system. Over the past 60 years, there have been tremendous changes in laws governing the justice system. While some people have a negative attitude toward...
Introduction The great Aristotle said that an arbitrator goes by and follows the equity of a case, a judge goes by the law, and the development of the process of arbitration was to obtain full power of equity. Through this saying, Aristotle has clearly shown the importance of arbitration in...
The frequency at which an act is repeated by a person is referred to as the recidivism rate. Usually this performance is preceded by occurrence of a retrogressive episode of the act or the person has been coached to stop the act. It can be termed as the ratio of...
Introduction Globalization can be viewed as the process where the world’s markets and business become more connected and interdependent. Through globalization, various parts of the world have become closely connected through economic activities. For instance, various countries are engaged in trading activities with each other. This process has been fuelled...
Introduction National and international security is being threatened by the recent rise in transitional organized crimes ‘TOC’. The most tragic reality is the fact that the general public is the most vulnerable to the implications TOCs. Organized crimes can take different forms and can be described in various approaches. Interestingly,...
A tort is a civil wrong or conduct that is intended to harm other people or their property. A tort is wrong against private duty, and thus is against public duty then the tort will become a crime. Hence, torts such as assault can also be categorized as crimes. The...
The case under review is concerned with the partnership liability of seven doctors, one of whom has been sued for causing his patient’s death due to poor judgment. The seven doctors were partners within the CPA firm of Harston and Mendez, which became the defendant in the case. However, since...
Introduction Belize, a country located in Central America, bordering Mexico and Guatemala along the Caribbean Sea. The nation has a population of roughly 400000 people as per the 2020 estimations. It boasts of third-ranking in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Central American countries (Verutes et al., 2017). Although Belize enjoys...
Introduction Safety in Italy has been a challenge in Italy. Organized crimes range from corporate crime, Neapolitan Camorra and mafia. The violence is sometimes racial and affects Italian citizens. In major cities where people are overcrowding and at parking lot, crimes such as pick pocketing and handbag snatching. Other overcrowded...
There are over half a million prisoners every year released from American prison facilities. Correctional facilities across the United States, to combat recidivism have changed their approach from being punitive to rehabilitation. Other nations such as Japan and Scotland have made changes to their correctional facilities and developed rehabilitative programs....
The aboriginal people have been living under confinement, in the reserves for a long time. Though these laws have undergone amendments that seek to give them more freedom, they are still under a lot of legal constraints. This law limits the flexibility of the Aboriginal people to adapt to changes...
Nowadays, it has become a commonplace assumption that the enactment of various copyright laws is being solely concerned with protecting people’s intellectual property, as something that has a value of ‘thing in itself’. Such assumption, however, cannot be referred to as thoroughly valid. The reason for this is simple –...
Introduction The constitutional law of Hong Kong is the Basic Law that applies in the Special Administrative Region. Hong Kong is part of the People’s Republic of China. Hong Kong, which is headed by the Chief Executive, is autonomous. The region was under British rule but in 1997, the region...
Introduction Most sex offenders are characterized by recidivism with or without punishment and counseling after their initial offenses. We are all to question the effectiveness of our courts and correction facilities as well as the abilities of our psychologists. Worse still, serial sex offenders grow to develop a tendency to...
Reasons why the unprofessional conduct occur and what need to be done A prosecutor is a person who represents a state in criminal cases in courts of law. He or she is responsible for executing a criminal who has broken a law (Miller, Hess & Orthmann, 2013). Ethical behavior refers...
Introduction As one among the several criminology schools, Marxist criminology is comparable to functionalist theories, which tends to emphasize the production of continuity and stability in any one given society. However, Marxist criminology also embraces a political philosophy that is often predefined. Just like in conflict criminology, it usually focuses...
The use of taser guns in the United States and Canada among civilians and the police force has become a common practice since tasers have been considered to be less lethal and effective weapons for maintaining security and apprehending aggressive suspects. However, there have been long-running debates on the safety...
Introduction A number of scandals occurred around the infamous Cummins State Prison Farm in Arkansas in 1967-1969 and 1982-1983; the latter scandal was related to the blood gathered from the local prisoners. In this paper, we will discuss a number of issues connected to the blood scandal, as well as...
Introduction Smoking has always been a contentious issue when it comes to health matters. Not only does it tend to affect first-person smokers but also secondary and tertiary smokers alike. Therefore, policies have been formulated on where and when to smoke. This has brought up heated debates with many individuals-...
Elements of Murder Criminal acts that lead to bodily harm or even death attract much interest from different states. A proof of murder requires the substantiation of the intent to kill or even cause grievous harm to an individual (Schmalleger, Hall & Dolatowski, 2005). First-degree murder requires verification of willfulness...
Introduction The behavior of individuals in a society is influenced by multiple factors and motivators. Political, economic, social, cultural, and psychological issues become decisive determinants of citizens’ responses to particular events; the most significant and relevant to criminology are protest movements. However, within the past years, environmental concerns have become...
Introduction To say that we are living in a society or a world governed through crime is an understatement. Society and the world at large are under siege of crime; all sorts of crime from pickpocketing to capital crimes and even treason. Criminals seem to be evolving by the day...
Introduction Just before the year 2001, the USA faced a lot of insecurity including the infamous terrorist attack of September 11, 2001: this was a turning point for the government of the United States of America (Friedman, 2009). It was immediately after this terrorist attack that the federal government decided...
Introduction The war on crime in society has been a hotly debated topic. This is in relation to the various methodologies adopted by various agencies in undertaking monitoring of human behavior and more so criminal activities. Despite the numerous strategies and approaches in dealing with criminal behavior, an efficient approach...
Introduction Crime is continually evolving, thus becoming more complicated, especially due to technological developments. Other factors that have contributed to crime complexity include demographic changes for males below 30 years of age, which is a crime-prone age group, and macro-economic scales that include the unemployment rate, consumers’ spending power and...
The federal government’s decision to change the law of minimum tobacco purchase age and sell related products to a person under twenty-one years is excellent. Previously, the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act prevented individuals who are under the age of eighteen years from purchasing tobacco products. According to Winickoff...
Historical development of juvenile justice system The progressive Era reformists saw the institution of the juvenile justice system in the better part of 1899, prior to which young offenders were tried and punished in adult justice systems. Within the time range 1968 – 1974, the Supreme Court overturned the usual...
Introduction For any established complex and dynamic society to correctly function there is the necessity to have in place a legal structure under which all are equal and applies without favor or discrimination regardless of their cultural, economic, political, racial, gender or any other definitive trait. In Australia, the Australian...
According to Popow, there are three bases for legal liability, which are tort, terms of a contract, or a statute/law. To be more exact, three types of liability exist and are distinguished by their bases: Tort liability Explanation Tort liability presupposes the responsibility for doing any kind of harm to...
Introduction Forensics is used for the purposes of law enforcement as they provide scientific evidence used in courts of law, trial, and criminal investigations. Forensics is an important part of our society in fighting crime of all sports at all levels. This essay looks at chemicals that are used by...
Process of Supreme Court’s justice appointment The process of appointing and confirming a Supreme Court justice comprises two main steps namely nomination by the President and confirmation by Senate. The President is mandated by the American constitution to appoint judges to serve in the Supreme Court. He appoints the judges...
There has been a major controversy over whether juvenile offenders should be tried as adults or not. A juvenile offender is a wrongdoer who is too immature to be tried as a grownup. The required age at which an individual can be tried as a grownup differs amongst states but...
The entire humanity is conversant with the notion of deterrence. Deterrence refers to the employment of retribution as a threat to deter folks from committing offenses. We see cases of many forms of deterrence in everyday lives, all over from the grocery store where we buy serials to the banks...
In his attempt to purchase the chocolate sauce which he saw in an advertisement, Todd agreed to the online contract of Foodmart stating that sales prices are applicable to items not included in advertisements and the stocks will be dependent on the existing inventory of the nearest store to the...
The creation of a separate legal institution to judge the moral and immoral behavior of our youth did not exist until the early 1800s. There was a time when youths were subjected to the same laws and due process as adults and when found guilty, dealt the same punishment. Today’s...
Outline Different researches show that most punishments administered by law enforcement officers on criminals are largely determined either by racial bias or the economic status of criminals. The argument behind this issue is that minority groups in communities as well as those who are living in poverty are likely to...
Introduction There has been a lot of controversy in trying to understand the reason the spirit in which juvenile courts were created since a lot of people are currently arguing that children should be tried as adults when it comes to crime. Generally the essence of creating the juvenile courts...
The federal system of the United States is founded on the substratum notion that the states administer the principal responsibility for criminal justice and hence, criminal justice is the nucleus of state and not national responsibility. Currently, there is no single criminal justice system in the U.S.A as different states...
Treatment delivery is a multifactorial process, as it includes monitoring, evaluation, intervention, and prevention over the long term. An insurance plan’s choice combines financial and non-material parts, as the optimal package must correspond to the economic and medical benefits. Four coverage plans were analyzed, taking into account performance reports, which...
Uniform Crime Report/ National Crime Victimization Survey: Strengths and Weaknesses of These Reports The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) were developed by the International Association of Chiefs of Police in order to provide nations with uniform crime statistics at the end of the 1920s; The FBI became responsible for gathering, analyzing,...
Abstract The prosecution office in this country has the responsibility of proving to the court that a given suspect is guilty as charged. the Fifth Amendment gives the suspects right to remain silent when arrested, while the Sixth Amendment gives them right to have an attorney. The Queen County District...
The juvenile justice system in the United States is flawed on multiple levels. This social issue attracts considerable attention from popular media and scholars who examine its roots and repercussions. Just Mercy: A Story of Justice and Redemption by Bryan Stevenson partially focuses on injustices that juvenile criminals undergo and...
Introduction In today’s technology ridden world, computer crime and other related criminal activities are a booming business. Criminals, fraudsters, and even revolutionary terrorists seem to strike at every opportunity, leading either to financial losses, or loss in important data and information. In January of 2005, the United States federal government...
The “Here and Now” Approach Merits Different approaches to analyzing predatory crime causation allow comparing the methods of assessing offenses about the motives that drive criminals. When comparing the “here and now” approach postulated by the Routine Activities theorists with conventional background criminological concepts, one should take into account the...
The roles of the defense attorney are very important for innocent and guilty lives. It does not matter what kind of crime is committed, any defense attorney has to find enough gaps of charge, powerful alibi, and effective evidence. The roles of defense attorneys may differ considerably, depending on the...
Introduction After the abolishment of slavery in Europe and North America, many people celebrated since the achievement triggered the introduction and passage of human rights clauses to protect mankind from forced labor. Notions of democracy continue to focus on evidence-based approaches that can empower global citizens to pursue their personal...
The case described investigates the violation of legal relations based on the drafting of the contract from several parties at once. After reading the scenario, we can identify two main problems that led to the legal conflict. First, a pre-booked room for Mr. Rogers in the hotel was not available...
Introduction Deviance refers to behaviour that goes against various established societal norms, including formally enacted rules and regulations. Violation of rules amounts to crime whereby an individual would be punished according to the set laws. Moreover, deviance entails contravention of social norms, such as folklores and customs. The role of...
Taking businesses past national borders means going into new territories where one increases the number of possible customers and business ventures. But sets of rules, laws, and regulations found at this level increase as well. For example, the European Union has its own sets of rules directing businessmen doing business...
Introduction The world is experiencing radical changes in the work and labor environment. Labor and work countrywide is an area that is vital and requires special attention for it is the backbone of all sectors of the economy of any given country. This has become one of the legislative areas,...
Outline Dangerous offenders are defined by most laws as those that inflict pain and harm to the victims during or after assaulting them sexually. The laws have gone through several amendments to ensure that the community is protected from such dangerous criminals. Apart from the determinate sentences that are given...
Introduction On 23th February 2011, I attended a bail hearing of an accused police constable who shot and killed a 26 year old man. The hearing took place at Ontorio Court of Justice located at 7755 Hurontario Street Brampton, Ontario. The court room consisted of the Crown attorney, the lawyer...
European Community Law European Community laws (ECL) are regulations and directives which are above the national laws. Their main objective is to continually bring together its members’ economic and political systems in order to form a single market. The market is characterized by the free movement of people, goods, and...
Abstract Maintaining statistics is one of the primary tasks of police departments, and its importance is defined by the need to provide information on the current crime rate. Data relating to this indicator are submitted to the Federal Bureau of Investigation and included in the Uniform Crime Report. As can...
Corporate crime covers a very wide range of lawbreaking activities that include violations of accounting such as false statements of corporate assets and profits, occupational safety and health hazards; unfair labor practices, misleading packaging of products, environmental violations as well as illegal domestic political contribution among others. Recognition of corporate...
The historical validity of serious consideration of environmental law’s place and role in the modern legal system is quite obvious. This is caused by a significant change in both the concept of environmental law and, at the same time, its place in the system of world law over the past...
Introduction The U.S. v. Dzhokhar A. Tsarnaev case is widely known since the explosions of the homemade bombs planted by Dzhokhar and Tamerlane Tsarnaev at the Boston Marathon killed and injured many people. Advocates of Dzhokhar, who was sentenced to death, subsequently filed an appeal upheld on July 31, 2020...
The Supreme Court is the highest judicial instance in the United States, with Justices appointed by the President with the Senate’s approval. The appointment lasts for life and can only be interrupted by voluntary registration or impeachment. Recently, the need for reforms has been increasingly discussed. Many people believe that...
Introduction The rate of juvenile crimes especially in males seems to be rising and the trend has had many innocent people affected by these crimes. A juvenile has been defined as a person who has not attained the age of 18. Surveys conducted indicate that approximately 2 million juveniles are...
Introduction Stress is tension in a person’s mind or any part of the body, which is as a result of physical, chemical or emotional factors. Research studies have shown that, there are numerous stressors in the corrections officer’s (C.O.) working environment, that is, in the jails and prisons. This correctional...
Introduction Fire is one of the risks that organizations face. It is known that the fire risk has contributed to the fall and collapse of many organizations. The loss associated with fire is always severe and is beyond approximation; it is behind this background that there needs to be a...
Introduction In 2018, after the shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, the state authorities decided to introduce new requirements stated in a law that aims to protect school safety (Ochoa, 2018). Some schools, referring to the new law accepted by the state, decided to ask for...
Description and Analysis of the History of State and Federal Prisons The state prison system can be traced back to the 1800s when Sing Sing prison was built (Gil, 2010, par 2). This is one of the oldest state prisons. The state prison consists of a network of prisons that...
Introduction The Waco attacks or rather what is famously referred to as the Waco shooting is a historical incident that took place in Texas; a state in the United States of America from 28th of February to the 4th day of April 1993. The Waco shooting historically dates back to...
Introduction Every country has its own law administration arm for overseeing the fair use of the laws of the land by its citizens. The laws govern among other things, the people’s co-existence, property ownership and life at large, including wildlife (Dammer & Albanese, 2013). In the pursuit of effectiveness, application...
Introduction The whole aspect of medical facilities in prisons is a very complex issue that needs to be evaluated and looked at critically for sustainability. This therefore brings us to the issue of whether prisons in the US should continue to have their own medical facilities or be charged fees...
Introduction This paper reports a case surrounding operations and enforcement imposed against ‘Acme Hydrocarbons Ltd’ following their violations of COSHH standards about the environmental laws. Upon the receipt of the memo, Mr. Patrick the line manager of the company requested me to appropriately advice his company based on the findings...
Facts Together with fellow inmates in a Nebraska prison, Mr. Wolf initiated a lawsuit, accusing the prison staff of violating due process in the 14th Amendment clause. Wolff protested the way prison authorities handled the inspection of confidential mail between prisoners and their lawyers. During the proceedings, the district court...
Introduction One of the greatest challenges in the world today is the problem of insecurity. This problem is gradually getting out of hand because of an increasing number of criminal cases. Crime can be defined as “the breach of rules or laws for which some governing authority (via mechanisms such...
Introduction Providing a quick and reasonable trial is an individual right that all judicial systems must ensure they achieve in whatever circumstances. Although many judicial systems struggle to achieve this, many cases handled by their courts have been great impediments in achieving this; hence, the application of plea-bargaining as a...
The Sherman Act The per se illegality are violations that are against section 1 of the Sherman act. The violation covers conspiracies, trust or agreements of trade. In the per se illegality, further inquiries are not needed. However, for the MTL, further inquiries should be carried out to establish the...
Student Name Professor Name Course Unit Date Contract Law Cases Charlie v. Best Bargain Issue Will Charlie prevail against Best Bargain Stores after he was denied a General Electric Smart Front Load Washer for $1.00 that was advertised? Rule of Law Advertisements made to the public normally do not amount...
Introduction During an undisputed judgment delivered in the year 1942, the Supreme Court of the United States defended President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s appeal to charge several German terrorists through military commission (Sloss 354). Through this, the saboteurs were deprived of trial in federal courts. The eight saboteurs were found responsible...
The Victims’ Rights Amendments proposes that victims should be given the power to hear appeals from the law courts and also have the right to revise the earlier judgments made by the courts. During the trial phase, it is believed that some rights are usually denied and which end up...
In this article, Charley Reese provides his opinion on the adoption of hate crime legislation. Reviewing the particularities of such laws, he identifies their possible consequences for society in general. The use of foreign countries with similar regulations already implemented demonstrates their pitfalls and substantiates his negative attitude towards it....
Introduction Victimless crimes refers to category of felonies that involve one or more than one person through consensual agreement which results to no direct injury or loss, more importantly these crimes do not interfere with other people’s rights in any way. They are therefore referred as victimless crimes because no...
Introduction The death penalty and its appropriateness from the moral viewpoint present the topics associated with debate and the diversity of opinions for decades. Since the issue involves ethical considerations, there is no unity of views among specialists that deal with criminal cases regularly. This essay is aimed at discussing...
In the USA, there are state courts and federal courts, which operate in parallel, but the personnel and the cases do not distribute equally. Most criminal and civil cases are sent to the state courts, while the federal courts have limited competencies. This paper describes the typical state court system...
The first article under consideration is called Abusing State Power or Controlling Risk?: Sex Offender Commitment and Sicherungverwahrung written by Demleitner. In the article, the author addresses the problem of the civil commitment of sexual predators. This problem is of considerable importance despite the fact that the number of such...
Exclusionary Rule The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution protects American citizens against illegal evidence collections methods that are against their rights. The exclusionary rule has become a common doctrine that discourages the criminal justice system and the government from relying on information gathered in an acceptable manner. Many...
Introduction A Victim Impact Statement (VIS) is a statement made by victims of crime after the defendant has been convicted and is to be sentenced, regarding the financial, psychological, social, and medical effects of crime on the victims. It is among the initiatives endorsed by President Reagan’s task force on...
Introduction The United States has one of the very elaborate criminal justice structures with each component playing crucial and peculiar roles. An analysis of these components indicates that they are interrelated and hence form what is commonly referred to as criminal justice system (Wadman, 2009). They are designed to complement...
Behaviour Theory Behavior theory tries to evaluate human behavior through conditioning. It links the aspect of free will, deed, reward, and punishment to evaluate human behavior as an individual relates with the surroundings. It was initially coiled by John B. Watson and Ivan Pavlov, who observed human behavior through experiments....
Introduction Plea bargaining is a form of agreement in a criminal case; the prosecutor usually gives the defendant a chance to plead guilty since there are possibilities that if the defendant claims guilty to the crime, he may be granted a less charge than a maximum sentence (Kelly, 2004). Discussion...
Discussion The study investigated the chances of recidivism among sex criminals even after rehabilitation and found that irrespective of the rehabilitation program a convict went through while in prison very many other factors came to play for example the age of the victim, gender, race, ethnicity among others. For instance,...
The selected TED talk video triggers feelings of sympathy, surprise, and disgust. The viewer appreciates the fact that many officers in law enforcement fail to promote equality and offer personalized support to the individuals they are expected to protect. Racism remains a major dilemma in the policing sector that affects...
Juvenile delinquency has been discussed thoroughly in the United States in the last decades. There have been several notorious cases of juvenile crime in the history of this country. Some of the most famous of them are the high school shooting in the small town of Columbine and the shooting...
Introduction The concept of a mature minor is a regulatory law that permits emancipated minors to act as mature people when receiving health care services. The concept allows minors to have a say in the methods of treatment that their physicians perform on them. In most cases, minor patients are...
Current Situation in the USA Most prisons in the United States are overcrowded at the moment, sometimes unconstitutionally. The statistics of incarcerated people in the U.S. are higher than in any other country in the world, both per capita and in absolute terms. The state “has less than 5% of...
Main Principles that Underpin the English Contract Law The English law of contract is a product of common law. It started as a tradition by the English people and was later codified into laws. The law of contract has basic traits that distinguish it from any other law in other...
Facts In the mentioned case brief, the Supreme Court created a specific protective standard of the free speech rights of inmates according to the First Amendment. The case was founded when Martinez and other inmates decided to bring a suit against the Department of Corrections of California since it violated...
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District is a historical case that was decided more than fifty years ago that discussed the limitation of rights provided by the First Amendment of the US Constitution. In this case, several students decided they wanted to wear black armbands to honor the...
Introduction Copyrights are legal frameworks that allow access to exclusive control and ownership of work in music and film industry. Such statutory provisions seek to govern commercial aspects such as sharing, distribution, reproduction, and sale of artworks (Levitt 2). Under this legal framework, artists and custodians of artwork get an...
A major component of the “Boston Model” pertains to operating “on the principles of partnership, problem-solving and prevention” (BPD, 1995). The prime objective was to enhance the quality of living by focusing on the future of citizens’ security and the criminal justice systems. The Boston Police Department is aware that...
A Criminal Justice System is a practice used by independent states and organizations to ensure that law and order are maintained by controlling criminal activities and sanctioning those who are caught violating the set rules and regulations. But as much as the government attempts to bring to justice the suspected...
The picture under analysis is Paris Hilton’s image on a Hallmark greeting card. It is appropriate to talk about copyright infringement here since an unauthorized use of copyrighted material had taken place. Moreover, the image was used in a manner that violates one of the copyright owner’s exclusive rights, such...
The case presented by the United States Attorney General seeks a determination of whether the mineral reservation law on patents holds under the 1916 Stock-Raising Homestead Act. This is after the district court held that owners of a disputed land did not hold valid ownership rights due to the Mineral...
Introduction Ever since its implementation in 1994 the Compstat process has been widely praised as a revolutionary innovation into the organizational/administrative processes of policing within the United States. This particular process utilizes a system where crime data from certain districts are mapped, the type of crime evaluated and resources eventually...
Differences between the due process model and the crime control procedure model The due process model assumes that arrested persons are innocent and not punishable by law until a court of law proves that they are guilty e.g. if a person is arrested for having taken a bribe from a...
Introduction One of the major principles that have underlain the drive towards the formation of the European Community (EC) is the need for the creation of a framework that would allow the integration of member state economies. For the idea of a free market to be realized within the members...
In the United States, married couples receive many legal benefits that couples who live together but are unmarried do not. Because of this gay couples argue that they are unlawfully being discriminated against. Those that oppose gay marriage do so based on primarily religious reasoning and not legal precedent. In...
Introduction Regulatory laws refer to the criminal regulations that reject socially unacceptable conducts, such as possession, use, and sale of drugs, traffic violation, and gambling. Criminal Justice System (CJS) is a string of federal and local government institutions and agencies that directly regulates these laws. Its main responsibility is the...
Introduction Growing crime around the world inevitably leads to an increase in the number of people in prison. An average offender is getting younger, and the number of female inmates is gradually reaching the level of the population in male correctional institutions. The social and psychological portrait of a prisoner...
Space exploration is still an incomprehensible and complicated topic for humanity, despite all the progress, since people know little about it. For this reason, governments and companies develop new technologies to explore space and other planets and create autonomous robots for this purpose. However, despite the insignificant presence of people...
Introduction To support the child is definitely always a moral obligation coupled with legal liability. There can be of little dispute that the biological relationship with the child invariably cast this obligation upon its parents, legally as they are the very cause for its existence. Similarly, this obligation may also...
Overview The Department of Homeland Security was created by the federal government in a bid to tame domestic security, this being one of the largest overhauls in security systems and structures ever experienced in fifty years. The rationale behind this monumental task was to harness and consolidate the federal government’s...
Nowadays, so many people commit crimes almost every day; however, if the actions of grown-ups may be controlled by criminal law or civil law, the actions of teenagers cannot be controlled by any of the above-mentioned laws (Siegel & Welsh, 2008). This is why juvenile delinquency is under burning discussions...
A contract is an agreement between two parties to engage in an activity together or perform a commercial transaction jointly. The contract is enforceable by the law if it has the elements that comprise a legal agreement and if the agreement is breached by either party, legal remedies are to...
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) or Obamacare is an example of a major political initiative aimed at improving the affordability and quality of healthcare in the U.S. The policy was issued on March 23, 2010, and declared universal access to Medicaid and expanded insurance coverage for previously uninsured individuals (Gaffney...
Background Professor Peres is an employee of a university. He gives a one-hour guest lecture to a local business enterprise group on the enterprise’s premises. Peres’ lecture is based on his research and notes and he gives out a written summary of his notes to the attendees after the lecture....
Introduction Law enforcement agencies have in the recent past turned to using the internet as a way of solving crimes. This has been accelerated by the increased rate of online as well as complicated crimes that are taking place. Internet use as a way of solving crime has also been...
The US correctional system is a complex of special institutions that implement state policy in the field of the execution of punishments for crimes. Jails and community-based confinement facilities for offenders’ rehabilitation and resocialization are under the jurisdiction of municipalities and county governments. Each correctional institution is assigned a security...
Abstract Despite reported cases of women undergoing hysterectomy without being sufficiently informed, only three states have enacted informed consent laws aimed at providing more information concerning any alternative treatments. In addition, there exists a deficiency in the study of hysterectomy, which would be required to inform changes in related policies...
Facts In 1984, Herbert, a collector of rare coins, bought a 1916 Spanish Bowlero for $2,000. He sold the coin for $4,500 in January. He made a gain amounting to $2,500. On retiring from his loading dock job in June, Herbert actively began buying and selling rare coins. By December,...
There are many crimes in the world as well as those that considered as violent. They mean infliction of harm to human life or health and are divided into several types. FBI allocates the following: rape, aggravated assault, murder and nonnegligent manslaughter, and robbery. To understand whether law enforcement agencies...
Hate crimes are not new to Europe, the United States, Russia, and many other parts of the world. They are described as the offenses related to a specific aspect of a victim’s identity – nation, race, sexual orientation or sexual identity, skin color, religion, or a disability. Rooting in the...
Human trafficking is the illegal transportation of individuals through coercion and force for sexual exploitation, forced labor, and organ harvesting. The practice has been part of society for many centuries going back before the slave trade (Attwood, 2019). Most of the victims of human trafficking are young boys and girls...
The situation with John M is rather apparent as of the decision about the case. In this respect there is a dilemma whether to try this offender as a juvenile or as an adult. The main participants of the case are the judge, the offender, John M, and the injured...
Introduction Peaceful coexistence is a constituent of development in the community. A peaceful environment emanates from the application of various policing styles by relevant authorities. Policing connotes all processes aimed at modifying and controlling interactions of persons. This is tenable through regulating order, implementation of law, stopping, and identifying wrongdoing....
