Introduction
The journal on alcohol utilization among Hispanic college learners hypotheses that the tendency of alcohol usage among institution scholars have remained to differ by civilization and relates to assimilation among Hispanics. Reliable studies demonstrate that men binge drink more often and in superior quantities than females. The research objectives included investigating Hispanic young adults’ drinking behaviors in South Texas border areas. The study analyzed the impact of socialization on alcohol intake among Hispanics (Montoya et al., 2016). The authors applied surveying methods to “two hundred and ninety-six” Hispanic learners who contributed to the research (Montoya et al., 2016). The members described their consumption designs over the previous times and performed a quantity of cultural assimilation.
Race and low amounts of Anglo alignment are connected to more significant alcohol drinking, showing that less inclined Hispanics toward the Anglo ethos ingested more beer than those who were more geared towards the Anglo philosophy. Men and women did not vary in regularity or excessive drinking among consumers, although males ingested more liquor than females. The researchers indicated that more acculturation relates to increased alcohol use and reduced consumption. The results involving gender showed some reliabilities with past studies, but there were some contradictions (Montoya et al., 2016). The results showed that less assimilated Hispanic percent of boys in the buffer zone could be at greater risk of alcohol addiction than Hispanic masculine apprentices.
The Article’s Theories/Methods
The authors explored acculturation and alcohol intake but did not offer alternative explanations. The authors created the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Questionnaire to monitor the broad U.S. population’s health issues and conditions. The 2009 section 15 questionnaire includes a 5-item review on alcohol feeding. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) standards for excessive drinking can derive general consumption trends for the previous month (Montoya et al., 2016). The respondents were requested to reply to various questions, including, in the recent 30 days, whether the participants have drunk either one alcoholic beverage or more, including wine, liquor, or malt beverage. The scholars questioned whether the previous days, the number of weekly days the performers consumed at least a drink of whatever alcohol content.
The Brief Acculturative Stress Scale Score for Mexican United states (ARSMA- II) (43) is a multi-faceted scale that rates how often people talk Spanish/English, pay heed to Spanish/English songs, observe Spanish/English broadcast tv, perused in English/Spanish, relate with Anglos/Mexican, and assume in English/Spanish. The 12-item survey had two subdimensions: one for attitudes toward Anglo civilization and another for opinions toward Mexican culture. The result is an orientation score that ranges from strongly Mexican to strongly Anglo. This measure was employed as a bi-dimensional scale in this study, with different Mexican and Anglo orientation variables. The present sample had good internal consistency dependability, with an AOS of 0.79 and a MOS of 0.91 (Montoya et al., 2016). The authors have not explicitly specified their methodology regarding the methods they employed to perform the study. Still, they stated their participants were public university students. The authors should consider conducting surveys to gather accurate answers to the research question as part of the modifications to the techniques to exclude possible confounding actors.
Relevant New Ideas That Could Be Further Explored
The researchers could have stated various reasons that influenced learners toward the ubiquitous drinking habits at these schools and the regularity with which they happen. Drinking on university campuses has long been challenging for behavioral and social scientists. One out of every five college students drinks, and up to half of them binge drink. Two out of every five American university learners may be hefty drinkers (Montoya et al., 2016). Drinking occurs every day among college students is frequently reflected in the media. It seems to be a recognized part of college student culture. Numerous teenagers have time to discover alcohol in their early adolescent years, long before entering college.
The scholars could have outlined how peer pressure and positive expectations about alcohol have influenced the onset of alcohol usage among teenagers. While drinking at college may be seen as a ritual of the channel, there are risks connected with it, such as elevated risks of high blood pressure and diabetes and an increased risk of obesity. Even while alcohol has been demonstrated to provide some protective properties when drunk in small doses, most university students consume far more. Studies associating heavy drinking with enhanced danger, diagnosis, and overall mortality demonstrate the negative influence that uncontrolled alcohol intake can have on one’s physical well-being. Between 2006 and 2010, excessive alcohol usage killed 87,798 people in the general population (Montoya et al., 2016). Heavy drinking is the biggest killer in the United States, as per these and various other data.
Young college graduates’ eating patterns can hurt their health and death. Academic interruption, poor remembrance during “blackouts,” individual brain trauma, short-term disease (such as abdominal cramps, barfing, and hangovers), unintended and defenseless sexual interplay, suicide, unwanted sexual contact, and friendship sexual abuse, dangerous driving, legal issues with alcoholism, destruction of property and defacement, battles and thuggery, and sex crimes are all factors (Montoya et al., 2016). No variables were excluded in the current study that could or should be included in the future since the researchers attained all the objectives of their study. Even though there has been more research on college consumption, most have focused on sampling European American students with other minority groups, especially Hispanics.
Hispanics have much-increased excessive drinking rates. The study would have yielded different results if it had been conducted on a different population since drinking differs depending on age, ethnicity, and gender. On the other hand, research comparing the drinking habits of Hispanic, White, and Black university students found that White learners binge drink more while Black students binge drink the least. Hispanic students appear to be in the middle. While these data illuminate Hispanic university students’ drinking patterns, they largely depend on European American academics, keeping Hispanic learners underrepresented (Montoya et al., 2016). The information may not accurately imitate the drinking behavior of Hispanic scholars in positions with more excellent Hispanic student bodies, such as locations where Hispanics majorly stay or near Mexico.
Hispanic youth, particularly immigrants, may face cultural stresses such as a lack of English proficiency and ethnic/racial discrimination, which can lower self-esteem in places where they are the minority. In the Hispanic majority, high immigrant-density areas, the drinking patterns of Hispanic students may differ because they are less likely to experience and be influenced by cultural pressures. Mexico’s distance has been found as a health risk for adolescent alcohol usage due to Mexico’s liberal alcohol legislation (Montoya et al., 2016). However, alcohol usage and binge drinking among adults were observed to be decreased at the Texas/Mexico border than in the rest of the state. Adults living near the border reported less alcohol consumption than Hispanics across the country and residents of the northern part of Mexico.
Adults around the border had more excellent alcohol misuse or dependency rates than the remainder of Hispanics or Texas across the country. The researchers could have yielded more effective results if a different method could have been used in the study, particularly online surveys. Generally, an online survey tool project requires fewer hours than conventional approaches. People do not require to wait for collection and distribution to be completed because the data is collected electronically, and the turnaround time is almost instant. Within several days of completing a research plan, more than half of the responses are acquired again. Investigators can save costs on their studies by using surveys. Researchers will save money on postage and may not necessarily spend resources or time entering information into the system (Salama et al., 2020). The answers are automatically performed, and the content is accessible at any time. Because participants submit their replies immediately into the system, the sampling error margin considerably decreases with online surveys. Traditional techniques rely on employees’ attentiveness to correctly input all facts, and human mistakes will happen when an individual needs to implement a monotonous operation.
The online survey’s results are available for analysis at any time. People can view real-time results to take action immediately, build graphs for presentation, retrieve data for further research, and share their findings with anybody (Salama et al., 2020). The majority of consumers with Internet access prefer to do surveys online rather than over the phone. Participants can do an online survey at their leisure, and the time it takes to finish the survey is significantly reduced. Smart Survey’s Skip logic tool can automatically skip irrelevant questions to a specific participant. For researchers, the main advantage of online surveys is that they boost efficiency and save time. When a thorough examination is obligatory, the information is instantaneously available and may be exported into specialized statistical tools or spreadsheets. An online survey allows users to stamp their brand image in users minds and inform them of the advantages they offer.
A web questionnaire can be tailored to match a company’s website with unique backgrounds, photographs, logos, colors, a concluding re-direct site, or the poll’s URL. Researchers make sure their internet survey provider provides mobile responsive surveys so they can expand their reach while keeping their brand consistent across all platforms. According to market analysts, participants prefer to do online surveys over written questionnaires or phone interviews, and they frequently provide more profound and comprehensive responses. Users are more inclined to reply with honest responses if surveys are designed and sent in a relevant and focused manner. With an online survey, authors may pre-screen respondents and enable only those who fit their ideal customer to participate. The Live Group service from Smart Survey can help researchers identify survey participants, allowing them to contact a specific target market or niche with relevant questions. According to the reply to a previous question, the interview process in an online questionnaire can be modified by authors, or questions might be skipped entirely by researchers. As a result, a study can be personalized to each participant as the survey progresses.
Academic Papers That Have Used the Results and Findings
The two academic papers that have used the results of the selected article include studies by Lui and Zamboanga and Cano et al. Acculturation are among the vital sociocultural determinants that help clarify ethnic differences in alcohol usage outcomes among Hispanic Americans. Fundamental research and other systematic evaluations have discovered between-study discrepancies regarding the degree of acculturation to alcohol habit outcomes. Both findings are consistent with the results of the selected article. Lui applied the results and findings of the selected article. Lui and Zamboanga did a systematic evaluation of work examining the relationship between Hispanics’ acculturation and drinking usage (Lui and Zamboanga, 2018). The authors classified 88 different study groups from 68 articles published between 1987 and 2017. The associations between cultural assimilation and levels of alcohol usage were calculated using standard and substantial variance approximation (RVE) meta-analyses.
Lui and Zamboanga examined the mean average associations between inculcation and six different drinking effects in a set of experiments. Acculturation and general alcohol use had a significant positive association. In several correlations, gender, acculturation aspect, acculturation subject, age range, and sampling conditions reflect between-study heterogeneity (Lui and Zamboanga, 2018). Acculturation and mixed alcohol use results had minor relationships. Still, the results are more significant amongst Hispanic women, grownups and when research defines U.S. cultural attitude, linguistic, cultural assimilation, and social practices. Cano et al. looked at the relationships between acculturation directions and contexts of intercultural identity (Cano et al., 2020). The perceptions of esteem to operate efficiently within the reception and heritage cultures, and the magnitude of alcohol usage among young Hispanic adulthood.
The researchers wanted to see any potential mitigating factors in the relationships between acculturation attitudes, intercultural self-efficacy, and the intensity of alcohol consumption. Cano et al. completed a cross-sectional survey of 200 Hispanic adults. Years 18–25, personality as Latina or Hispanic, and residing in Miami-Dade or Maricopa counties were all criteria for inclusion (Cano et al., 2020). The authors used hierarchy multiple linear regression and mediational techniques to analyze the data. The results show that neither acculturation approaches nor role repertory significantly impacted the intensity of alcohol consumption. The higher social ground was linked to less severe alcohol abuse. According to mediation analyses, the relationship between the U.S. attitude and study location and the association between the Hispanic approach and social straightforwardness were significantly significant concerning the degree of alcohol consumption. The researchers concluded that U.S. inclination was linked to the severity of alcohol utilization only in Arizona.
Conclusion
In conclusion, forced assimilation and other social factors can influence bicultural identity, and the link between racially mixed self-efficacy and drinking warrants additional exploration. However, additional, comprehensive assessments are required to properly understand the impacts of bicultural personality on alcohol. Men and women do not differ in terms of regularity or heavy drinking. However, males consume more alcohol than females. According to the studies, higher levels of acculturation are associated with increased alcohol intake, and lower levels of acculturation are associated with lower alcohol consumption. Gender-related findings revealed some consistency with previous research, but there were some discrepancies.
References
Cano, M. Á., Sánchez, M., De La Rosa, M., Rojas, P., Ramírez-Ortiz, D., Bursac, Z.,… & de Dios, M. A. (2020). Alcohol use severity among Hispanic emerging adults: Examining the roles of bicultural self-efficacy and acculturation. Addictive Behaviors, 108, 106442.
Lui, P. P., & Zamboanga, B. L. (2018). A critical review and meta‐analysis of the associations between acculturation and alcohol use outcomes among Hispanic Americans. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 42(10), 1841-1862.
Montoya, J. A., Wittenburg, D., & Martinez, V. (2016). Alcohol use among Hispanic college students along the U.S./Mexico border. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 42(6), 707-714.
Salama, R., Uzunboylu, H., & El Muti, M. A. (2020). Implementing online questionnaires and surveys by using mobile applications. New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences, 7(2), 48-70.