Ampuja M., Koivisto, J., & Nordenstreng, K. (2019). Historicizing and theorizing media and cultural imperialism. Media Imperialism: Continuity and Change, 31.
This source explores the relationship between the concepts of cultural imperialism and media imperialism. The authors highlight the similarities behind the origin of Western domination within cultural and media platforms and point out the pattern in which more culturally expanded countries tend to have more influence on various media. Hence, this source will be used as evidence of the co-dependence of cultural imperialism and its power on biases within global media resources, including online platforms. Moreover, this source emphasizes the relevance of politics within the issue of cultural imperialism. Therefore, it highlights that the concepts of Western countries’ global domination and the amount of cultural recognition are tightly connected to the profit of these countries and the opportunity to further monopolize the area of recognition. This way, the source helps draw a connection between the conscious domination of cultural niches and its impact on global biases within media.
Flew, T. (2020). Globalization, neo-globalization and post-globalization: The challenge of populism and the return of the national. Global Media and Communication, 16(1), 19-39.
This source provides a viewpoint of perceiving the globalization of communication and cultural imperialism as separate concepts. The author focuses on the fact that communication and culture are the main aspects that evoke the progression of globalization. Despite this idea, the source emphasizes that it does not make the format and dynamics of global communication and extension of cultural imperialism. Additionally, this source explores the role of a collective identity massively created and sustained by globalization within communicational and informational sources. Thus, it juxtaposes the phenomena of collective identity with the consequences of cultural imperialism and explores the differences in the outcomes for minorities. Finally, this source gives a critical opinion on the clash between global interconnectedness and cultural differences. The author uses this clash to highlight the difference between globalization of communication and cultural imperialism. With the development of interconnectedness, individual aspects of diverse cultures receive more awareness because of globalization.
Andrew, G. (2018). Search engine art: Internet imperialism and the image in context. Electronic Visualisation and the Arts, 92-95.
The source emphasizes the direct influence of dominating bias and widely recognized mindset on the search results for Internet users, which underlines the issue of finding trustworthy information online. This way, it points to the link between globally dominant concepts and their impact on the choice of relevance within media information. Hence, this source will be used as supporting evidence to highlight the connection between figures in power and the biases within artificial intelligence projects. The exploration of the influence of dominant concepts on online searches proves the impact of cultural imperialism on the databases of artificial intelligence. Once specific countries gain global power within the cultural niche, they can dominate the global biases further, resulting in a higher frequency of accordingly biased information online and further strengthening of dominance within a given field of information. It generally contributes to the difficulty of finding relevant sources not affected by specific countries’ biased imperialism.
Gingerich, J. (2022). Is Spotify bad for democracy? Artificial intelligence, cultural democracy, and law. Yale Journal of Law & Technology.
The source explores the loop of growing dominating influence on people’s cultural and aesthetic values from different places in the world. It analyzes the concept of cultural democracy, which is contrary to cultural imperialism, and the threat that artificial intelligence poses to it. In its essence, cultural democracy represents the lack of stigma around cultures of minorities and the avoidance of principles of cultural imperialism. This source will be used to explore how artificial intelligence can promote the values of cultural imperialism through its biased and unspontaneous nature. Thus, the main unique idea from this source is the profit from artificial intelligence to the expansion of cultural imperialism and further Western domination of both cultural niches and media platforms. Moreover, through this source, I can connect politics and artificial intelligence, as the benefit of cultural imperialism can further strengthen the intention to use artificial intelligence as a threat to cultural democracy.
References
Ampuja M., Koivisto, J., & Nordenstreng, K. (2019). Historicizing and theorizing media and cultural imperialism. Media Imperialism: Continuity and Change 31.
Andrew, G. (2018). Search engine art: Internet imperialism and the image in context. Electronic Visualisation and the Arts, 92-95.
Flew, T. (2020). Globalization, neo-globalization and post-globalization: The challenge of populism and the return of the national. Global Media and Communication, 16(1), 19-39.
Gingerich, J. (2022). Is Spotify bad for democracy? Artificial intelligence, cultural democracy, and law. Yale Journal of Law & Technology.