2402 samples of this type
A great number of leading American companies choose to post their earnings with Wall Street on a regular basis. On the whole, the key rationale for this policy is to show that the firm continuously grows and its profitability constantly increases. Yet, such strategy gives rise to many questions. First,...
Introduction Companies in stages of start-up phase and existing ones that are planning to grow both needs to find ways of financing their operations. Most businesses are started with an individual or individuals providing a small amount of equity capital from their private funds/savings and then may be a bank...
Introduction The word ‘Financial Crisis’ is a term that many economies, large or small, are in fear of. It is a situation which occurs when a country which was once doing well in the financial sector is suddenly faced with huge amounts of debts as well as inflation due to...
Innovations in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and transport lead to globalization. Globalization is the process of increasing cooperation between different nations, and ICT is one of the factors that allows people from different nations to share their culture with others and work with individuals from other states. ICT’s innovation,...
Companies engage in business to make profits after which they either reinvest back into the company for the purpose of expanding the company, or distribute the profit to the shareholders in terms of dividends. Mostly, this Profit is taxed as corporate income tax, and after the dividends are distributed to...
Introduction Exploring the nature of the company’s microeconomics is an essential part of developing a successful strategy for its future growth. This paper will review the banking and financial management of the Russian company Sberbank, which began to expand globally in recent years. Frexias and Rochet (2008) describe banks as...
In managerial processes, capital budgeting has been observed to be an important managerial tool requirement (Steve & Burton 165). It is a procedure used by financial managers to compare, evaluate as well as select particular projects to be able to determine whether an investment is worth risking (Steve & Burton...
Introduction An economy that adheres to the gold standard accepts countries’ currencies’ value to be directly linked with the gold reserves that a country holds. Paper money or notes were converted into a certain fixed amount of gold, and therefore those countries that were using the gold standard had to...
Executive Summary Portfolio is a collection of investments held by a person or a company. The aim of selecting a portfolio is to achieve a desirable result of return through diversified risk. It will be unwise for an individual, to invest all his money in one project or security, since...
Introduction Islamic banking has been growing in popularity in MENA countries as a way of complying with Islamic principles. According to Mervyn and Algaoud (83), there has been pressure among the financial institutions to be compliant with some of the Islamic principles in their operational strategies. Shariah law prohibits charging...
Well-established supply chains are an essential part of private and global trade, since they ensure that goods and services reach customers and make a profit for companies. However, various political, economic, technological, environmental, and other world changes affect supply chains and force companies to be flexible in their design. For...
Introduction The evolution of a green economy (GE) has become the main concern for many countries. It requires significant law reforms at the local, regional, and global levels to assist in realising the fiscal opportunities, emerging from a change to less polluting methods of manufacturing and consumption, including fresh employment...
The global economic crisis has hit the U.S. with a particular force. It has sharply reduced the volume of production, which led to the breakdown of finances, caused widespread destruction and bankruptcy of industrial, commercial, and financial firms, not to mention mass unemployment. The years of the crisis affected one-fifth...
Obamacare is an act of the government of the United States of America that was formulated and signed into law in order to give affordable insurance services to the citizens. The health insurance act of 2010 has become very popular, not only to the citizens of the United States of America...
From the literature, I understand that Ross, Westerfield and Jaffe (2013) support the need to study the merits and demerits of using the dividend growth model to estimate the stock price of a dividend and non-dividend-paying stock. Small and large firms have many growth opportunities, which can use the dividend...
Capital structure is the balance of the firm’s debt, and equity and international operations allow for diversification and lower the overall risk of a business, which signifies the importance of international capital structure (Loth, 2019). However, different states may apply different principles when calculating the debt to total assets, which...
The objective of portfolio theory Diversification of risk is a process that captures the reduction of risk through the allocation of investment among diverse financial instruments or categories. A diversified portfolio is accompanied by high returns. Research by Besley and Brigham (2007) shows that diversification helps to reduce unsystematic risk....
Several injustices, such as racial discrimination and denial of voting rights, persist not only in the United States but also across the globe. Sadly, they weaken moral doctrines and constitutional principles that shape the prosperity of any society. The U.S. Constitution provides various rights and responsibilities to the citizens, helping...
Introduction Globalization has led to most business organizations shifting their operations to cover wide geographical areas. With current favorable terms of business operations between countries, it has been possible for businesses to diversify their market by venturing into other markets both locally and internationally (Stiroh & Rumble, 2006, pp. 2131-2161)....
A conventional company is divided into different departments. Each of them faces unique challenges that vary depending on the nature of its processes. One of them is the financial department. Some of the issues faced by managers in this arm of an organization have to do with cash flow, approval...
Consolidated financial statements are a method of reporting finances in a specific scenario. These statements are primarily used by big companies that have multiple subsidiaries or divisions. When a particular company fully acquires another and claims ownership over it, a need to accurately report the assets, liabilities, expenses, and revenue...
Introduction There has been a growing tendency for cooperation among Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries in the development of economic and financial institutions. The manifestation of the ubiquitous nature of globalisation has increased the need for embracing standardised accounting regulations in order to improve cooperation and enhance efficiency of financial...
Introduction A financial crisis refers to a situation where there is a large loss of value by some financial institutions. Most financial crises are attributable to bank panics or sudden changes in the value of currency making it hard for it to serve its purpose. Many other situations may result...
As can be seen from the US/Euro foreign exchange rate, the lowering by Alan Greenspan of the US Federal Funds Rate, which was inflationary to the US dollar (devaluation) created an increase in value for the euro. From 2003 to mid 2008, the euro appreciated at a 12.2% compounded rate...
Introduction A lease is a contract enforceable by law which defines an agreement between a lessor (owner of property) and lessee (renter of a certain property). It defines things like the duration of the lease agreement, the amount of rent, and any other conditions defining the lease agreement. When a...
Today, most of the countries do not possess pure capitalism but a mixture of free market and governmental regulations of the businesses. Owning a business in a mixed economy structure can be very challenging due to government intervention in the economy. In contrast, operating a small business in an ideal...
Nowadays, America can boast one of the most developed economies in the world. The service sector is an important source of the country’s budget; the U.S. is also a world leader in many spheres of industry. However, the history of the U.S. success is complicated; the country went through periods...
Introduction Transportation is integral as part of infrastructure to the economy of the nation as it is required for the numerous sectors of the economy to prosper. All the main sectors of the economy including the service sector, manufacturing industries and agriculture rely heavily on transportation. Its importance is further...
Prices of Related Goods Prices on the goods related to any given industry are a factor that influences supply and demand in it. This observation includes the hotel industry as well, and the prices on related goods obviously impact the hospitality industry in Sidney, Australia. In general, the prices of...
Introduction Overhead is analyzed into three broad groups, these are, production overhead, administrative overhead and selling and distribution overhead. It is important to grasp that although overhead is the same from whatever angle we view it from, the methods of overhead reduction will differ from one group to another. In...
Introduction Historically, financial statements have been the mirror reflecting the financial activities of a company. It is based on this information that shareholders, investors and the company’s board of directors themselves make financial decision regarding the company. The reported information mainly by the auditors allows investors for example to make...
The key issue that Yang (2019) describes in her article relates to the losses that mattress companies suffer due to widespread at-home trials provided to consumers. Clients using the services of different sellers use the purchased goods temporarily and then return them, which is allowed under the terms of guarantees....
A recent debate concerning the proposal of Tax on Sugary Beverages has created a huge controversy and divided opinion. This division emanates from predictable sources. On the one hand, leading manufacturers and distributors of soft drinks have formed a vanguard of natural opposition to the proposed tax. On the other...
Supply chain management processes play a crucial role in the profitability of a company. The supply chain procedures are associated with logistics costs and must be reduced by appropriate handling of goods. Managing the supply chain costs to low levels is crucial in maximizing profits of a company. As such,...
Introduction Over the years, businessmen and nations have used gold as an investment and a medium of exchange due to its relative advantages. Gold is less likely to suffer from inflation, thus its price is relatively stable due to its immune to government manipulation and tinkering especially in its pure...
The Federal Reserve which is also known as the Federal Reserve System or the Fed is the central banking system that is used to manage the financial and banking system in the United States. The reserve was established in 1913 to respond to the financial panic that had affected many...
The article defines hyperinflation as an economic issue associated with a sudden increase in the prices of goods and services, causing pressure to the national budget. The author mentions some factors that lead to this phenomenon, including wars and post-war crisis, the collapse of export markets, and sociopolitical disturbances, among...
Introduction The United States Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) refers to a government initiative that aims to improve the financial stability of citizens by giving tax refunds to citizens (Cordes, Ebel, & Gravelle, 2005). Individuals who get tax credits retain more of their income. For that reason, EITC lowers the...
Covid-19 is a global public health epidemic that has crippled most aspects of human operations, including lives, labor market and corporate functioning. All these upshots have a trickle-down effect on the economy, particularly with the announcement of lockdowns to contain the spread of the virus. Other measures that countries have...
Introduction The efficient process of power generation is reliant on the choice of fuel and its cost. The world economy changes rapidly under the influence of multiple factors, fuel costs being one of the most significant determinants. In the field of gas and oil, the costs of oil predetermine the...
The term ‘volatility’ implies price variation, and the reasons for its growth are a tumble or appreciation of prices in the stock market. This topic is closely related to the material of chapters 8-10 and appears to be relevant. In present-day developments, there are multiple reasons for significant volatility in...
Introduction The construction industry is plagued by a lot of difficulties in the UK and other parts of the world. This study mainly focuses on economic conditions affecting construction firms based in the UK. This focuses more on those industries which are trying to expand. Construction firms basically deal with...
Introduction The paper addresses issues that were discussed and why they are issues of interest to the finance audience. The paper also links the articles to the concept discussed in class e.g. stock valuation, risk, markets portfolio theory, etc. Finally, the paper addresses the math in the article and gives...
Introduction World history has witnessed several spells of dynamic and integrated global growth. At the same time, there had been many instances where the growth spells had ended because of financial instability and geopolitical disorders. There are examples of disturbances in British and French economies because of “social, military and...
In this paper, I would like to consider the basic model of macroeconomic equilibrium—the aggregate demand and aggregate supply model, or the AD-AS model. Aggregate supply and demand affect the establishment of an equilibrium general price level and an equilibrium volume of production in the economy as a whole (Gerber,...
The global financial crisis and the rise of trade protectionism appeared to influence the position of Hong Kong exports. According to the data provided by the Valuation and Rating Department current economical instability hits residential rents and prices which have shown the biggest drop since last month. Land Holdings of...
Introduction C Corporations are also known as a traditional corporation, a form of business that is founded as a separate and distinct entity in relation to its owners, once this kind of corporation is formed it can possess its own bank accounts, property, have the capacity to conduct business on...
The modern world is facing a myriad of cchallenges, including environmental issues, severe economic constraints, as well as global health-related threats. All these concerns fuel the discussion of the relevance and effectiveness of the economic agendas countries choose. The debate that involves comparing capitalism and socialism seems relevant these days....
Introduction Since November 2019, different regions across the globe have encountered numerous challenges due to the ongoing coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). Governments and local agencies have considered past case studies to implement economic strategies that have the potential to minimize the impacts of the imposed travel restrictions and lockdown...
Introduction A bond price is the total amount of money paid to purchase a bond. The prices of bonds are negatively related to interest rates meaning that as interest rates increase, the bond prices will fall and when interest rates fall, the bond prices will increase. When interest rates rise,...
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has become one of globalization’s most prominent economic success stories thanks to its diversified economy. Oil profits and long-term pro-business policies have allowed UAE to create a robust infrastructure that supports the development of non-oil sectors like manufacturing and transportation and more fruitful participation in...
Assiduous business professionals will agree to the fact that a multiplicity of factors needs to be considered before any decision to invest at an international level is made. Business entities do not exist in a vacuum; they affect and in turn are affected by various cultural, geographic, physical, legal, political...
It was after World War II that a plan was formulated in Bretton Woods by the developed countries of the world to link all foreign currencies to the US dollar which implied that the exchange rate of all currencies will be fixed to the US dollar. The dollar was supported...
Introduction The COVID-19 outbreak has brought the entire world to a standstill in a matter of mere months. The new virus has negatively affected the major economic sectors. Those of them that rely on travel and gatherings of people such as tourism and entertainment have arguably been hurt the most....
Introduction Economic recessions are particularly troubling times for economies where growth is halted, incomes are lost, and households fail to afford products and services. A recession can be described as a tipping point in the economic cycle where an ongoing growth at the peak reverses and changes into an enduring...
Introduction Financial Accounting Board issued a statement permitting the use of fair value measurement for business as a measuring attribute but some entities such as the banking industry suspended the application on the basis that FABS 157 contributes to the current credit crisis. The application of this measurement would change...
In this specific case BP is slashing it dividends due to environmental recovery operation in the Gulf of Mexico. The originator of the theory of “Dividend Payout Policy” Miller and Modigliani had the following assumptions in the theory (Miller and Modigliani 1961). The market structure is of Perfect competition. In...
The current world runs and operates within the capitalist theory and practice. Many countries have greatly benefited from the established globalization model and continue to build new ways of advancing their intertwined and interdependent economies. However, recent events relating to financial, environmental, and societal problems arising around the globe have...
China is the new idol for emerging economies because it has been able to show that fast-paced economic growth is possible. Western countries have urged that democracy and equal political rights are the prerequisites of prosperity. China has demonstrated that with state-controlled capitalism, it is much easier to solve socio-economic...
The limited liability company is a comparatively new type of business entity that remains popular because of some benefits that arise from the existing regulations and legislation. There are several advantages that explain its topicality and its consideration as a beneficial option. First, it suggests special pass-through tax treatment that...
For developing and keeping businesses afloat, one cannot ignore market intelligence. It concerns information about the market where the company in question operates, including its customers, trends, and competitors. A comprehensive analysis of these elements defines internal goals and has a significant impact on the business’ prosperity and success. Yet,...
Budgeting is not an exact science, and its success depends on the precision of estimates. Estimates are based on facts and managerial judgment, which can suffer from subjectivism and personal biases. The accuracy of budgeting therefore rests on the adequacy of management. Where management is optimistic about future prospects for...
The 1930s were one of the most challenging times for America. The economic crisis and recession resulted in the emergence of 15 million unemployed workers (Patel 2016). The scope of the problem is proven by the fact that this period was called the Great Depression. For the first time in...
Introduction The economy of most countries in the world is based on the exchange of money in the market. There are few states left that rely on exchanging goods, or barter economy. Currency, in its different forms, is a part of everyday life for many people as they use it...
The global financial crisis that gripped the world economy in 2008 and 2009 can be said to have been related to the Shanghai Surprise that sparked 80 years ago when the Shanghai stock exchange had a great fall arousing a global crisis. In this case, the value of currencies is...
Abstract There has been ignorance of trade policy and the working conditions of employees until recently when people discovered that trade policy affects peoples’ work. The other form of ignorance was in the international trade formulation or policy where people did not see the relation of international trade and human...
Investors are also advised to study other companies operating in the line of their preferred company. This is another alternative for predicting the sustainability of the company as the future of the company is determined by its capacity to withstand competition and continue making profit even in a competitive environment...
Introduction Over the past two decades, there has been an active growth of global imbalances, manifested in the deficit of US foreign trade and, at the same time, in the large positive balance of many developing countries. Leaders of the modern world like the USA, as well as developing countries,...
Causes of Subprime crisis The federal reserves in the year 2001 started reducing the interest rates for federal funds, which went as low as 1% by the year 2003. When the interest rates went down, it was a chance for investors to borrow money at a low cost so that...
Countries of the world, especially the larger economies, are passing through one of the worst economic crises since the Great Depression of the 1930’s. The global forecasts according to the major world lending bodies like IMF, WB and other credit agencies are that this may take more time to stablise,...
There is a continuous conflict between China and the US, which is expressed in setting tariffs on one another’s products. In 2018, President Trump imposed tariffs on goods exported from China, stimulating Americans to buy local products, and this policy change became a significant trade barrier (Liu & Woo, 2018)....
The concept of sustainability is not recent, having appeared about environmental problems in the 20th century. It refers to maintaining the ecological balance in the world to save the planet and the future generations’ prosperity. Corporations have been taking advantage of the Earth’s resources for too long so that only...
Introduction The U.K.’s exit from the E.U. also marked a transition in its economic relationship with the bloc. The country intends to shift from close unification and co-operation with its neighbors and keep options of possible reopening opportunities for negotiating direct trade agreements with non-EU member states. The U.K. is...
A key component of stable economic growth is a stable currency exchange rate. In recent times, there has been a debate about the economic benefits of fixed and floating exchange rates. One advantage of floating exchange rates is that it frees the macroeconomic policy from taking care of the exchange...
Introduction The food manufacturing and processing industry have become one of the biggest sectors in the business world. This has been greatly influenced by the increasing demand for processed foods in the current busy world where people have little time to spare for cooking. Urbanization has further influenced consumer preference...
Facts Summary The case study on Smithville’s budget issue indicates that the city requires improved approaches to plan a balanced solution for the next fiscal year. The provided information suggests that a significant number of businesses have left the town, causing disruptions in tax revenues. The situation damages public expenditures...
Introduction Different scholars have presented quality and practical ideas that can guide governments and investors to make evidence-based decisions and pursue their economic goals diligently. Milton Friedman argues that free markets are essential since they allow exchange to occur whereby the involved parties benefit in a symbiotic manner. Without consideration...
Introduction Globalization is a vital process in the development of humankind, but its rapid spread is not necessarily a positive phenomenon. Everything in the world needs balance, and in this case, the change comes in the form of the rise of nationalism. Nationalist movements usually present a response to emerging...
Introduction According to Mullineux, (1984) economic growth and development are an integral part of a healthy economy. The analysis of the economy’s health requires the use of economic indicators. Economic indicators are classified into different categories. These include; the leading economic indicators, lagging and coincident. This classification helps in the...
The exchange-rate determination of any country can be determined using theories such as the purchasing power parity, the balance of payment approach and the monetary and Portfolio Approach. A majority of the countries have now adopted the theory of purchasing power parity as a way of calculating the rate of...
I never considered the fact that globalization can have major downsides because open markets and free trade always seemed to be the only way towards prosperity and economic growth. However, the current COVID-19 pandemic exposed the biggest vulnerabilities of a globalized economy. In such unstable conditions, it would be presumptuous...
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the differences between cash flow and net income comparing two years of functioning of the company in 2008 and 2009. The first line of the table is an illustration of the fact that net income raised by 1.3 in 2009 about the...
The development of the contemporary world proved that the personal success in modern life and the prosperity of the whole nation is possible applying new technologies and innovative conceptions. I fully agree with Pilat who notices, “the recent slowdown has laid to rest several myths regarding the new economy: the...
Nowadays, most people see money and currency as interchangeable concepts. However, throughout history, many societies employed things other than currency as a medium of exchange. Hence, any means of payment can be defined as money. Other functions of money include being a store of value and a unit of account...
The economic status of East Asia has increased drastically in the past few decades. Most nations in the region can currently be compared to Western European countries. Foreigners are lured into the region to seek better living standards which they are unable to experience from their native countries. Although immigrants...
Introduction, Review of accounting Process and Financial Statements Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (US GAAP) US GAAP is the generally accepted accounting principles followed by companies operating in USA and or listed in the Wall Street exchange. It involves enormous volume of standards, interpretations, opinions and bulletins, formulated by the FASB...
Introduction The UK pension scheme started as a non-contributory testing scheme which began in 1908 and established under the Old Age Pensions Act (Bozio 2010, p. 7). This system later developed into a contributory scheme and enforced under the Widows, Orphans and Old Age contributor pensions act of 1925 which...
The exchange rate The exchange rate between the U.S. and Japan might be defined as flexible rather than fixed since the values of the currencies change daily. According to the website of The Federal Reserve, on June 8, 2020, 1 U.S. dollar cost 108,46 Japanese yen, while on June 12,...
Introduction Economic globalization is reflected in such trends as foreign sourcing, global markets, and multinational corporations. It has positively shaped many countries as they gain from mutually beneficial cooperation. According to Erixon, “globalization has improved businesses, living standards and the performance of the entire economy” (Erixon 2018, 3). Large American...
When a firm achieves significant success within its local market, it is rational for this business to consider additional growth opportunities. International expansion is a suitable option, and acquiring a foreign company can help succeed here. The leading driving force of this process is that entering the overseas market provides...
Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs) are specific community-based financial institutions that aim at the promotion of the economic development of individuals by providing loans, services, and consultations to people and communities that are not able to get help from traditional financial intuitions because of the inability to meet strict demands....
Introduction The economy of a given country will influence the experiences and lifestyles of its citizens and how they address emerging challenges. Nations will have diverse rates of growth that are determined by various factors, including productivity factor and the rate of growth in the available triggers of development. With...
Introduction The free market model based on voluntary exchange is assumed to be beneficial for all parties. However, markets are not perfect, and often they fail to meet social efficiency, and that is why the role of governmental regulation is justified. The cases when markets do not correspond to society’s...
The phenomenon of attention might seem as a fairly simple concept to define, yet a closer analysis will prove that attention is a rather difficult notion to approach. It appears that attention can be described as the ability to notice details that will inform one’s future choices and decisions. In...
The article Two Theories of Monopoly and Competition: Implications and Applications bases the discussion on the claim that monopoly makes sense on the foundation of the political monopoly theory. In other words, Simpson suggests that monopoly exists only when the government applies force so that one or a couple of...
There has been a lot of discussion concerning the positive correlation between the minimum wage and unemployment rates. Economists debate on the nature of these two notions and create contradicting arguments. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of the minimum wage on unemployment rates in general...
There are various methods of payment in international trade. Credit in any international trade transition is provided by the exporter, importer, bank, or a combination of these. Exporters who have sufficient cash flows can finance the entire trade cycle, starting with the production of the product by the exporter down...
Financing decisions are some of the major decisions that the management of a company must make. There are two sources of capital for any company, they are debt and equity financing. According to Gotthilf, (1997), “Debt financing; a company acquires new capital by borrowing from external sources i.e. by paying...
The necessity to plan the budget is evident and undeniable, especially in conditions of democratic states. It not only helps to arrange the possible and predicted expenditures effectively and organize saving accounts, but also contributes to the trust in the government from the population (Senate Research Centre, 2017). It is...
Introduction Hong Kong economy is characterized by diversified investment opportunities. It is considered as a chief fund management centre in Asia and thus there exists in this country a high concentration of fund managers. The entire investment operations in the country are under the strict guidelines and regulations of the...
Introduction This paper investigates issues involved in financial markets in both Africa and North America and what is fast becoming a global economic village as countries are becoming interconnected and economies becoming more and more converged. Financial markets in North America are more juxtaposed and epitomized than anywhere in the...
Introduction The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) was central to President Obama’s strategic pivot to Asia. The trade agreement was signed by twelve Pacific Rim countries, including the United States, which together covered almost 40 percent of the world’s economy. The TPP generated a great deal of controversy: while its proponents predicted...
Abstract Investments are an important part of financial planning. When looking at investments there is a need to examine the different options available to people. Different people have different investment needs. The investment option chosen should address the specific needs of the investor. For example, there is the case of...
Introduction Over the past few decades, the financial markets have witnessed rampant product innovation. One of the reasons for this shift arises from increased demand for investment by both individual investors and institutional investors. A large number of investors are considering financial assets as a viable investment destination. The banking...
Introduction The Chinese currency (Yuan) has been recording a relatively strong performance against the US dollar. Recent data from the year 2007 has indicated that the exchange rate between China and US has been fluctuating with China gaining in most of the cases. At the beginning December 2007, the Chinese...
In this article, Enam Ahmed explains why central banks should use the Divisia approach to measure the effectiveness of the monetary policies. He argues that while the concept was developed almost a century ago, it remains a viable alternative to the tools used in modern economics. The idea to employ...
Accounting processes demand that companies categorize any investments or funds in equity securities or liability when they are acquired. These investments bought particularly equity securities can be put into custody until they mature, held also for buying and selling, or accessible for the transaction. Held to Maturity is the ability...
Introduction The financial crisis that traces its way back to 2007 led to the collapse of large financial institutions and prompted national governments to bail out many from imminent collapse. The crisis affected other sectors of the economy like housing which led to the suffering caused by evictions and foreclosures....
Texas has been known as a place where real estate is cheap, and the cost of living is lower compared to other states. However, this reputation has been deteriorated by increasing property prices, especially in large metropolitan areas, including Houston. Since a significant portion of the state population resides in...
Understanding the correlation between demand and supply is one of the fundamental requirements for gaining competence in economics. The specified correlation represents the primary ratio that defines the emergence of new companies, the choice of business strategies, and the changes in communication approaches. Therefore, determining the demand and supply curve...
The choice of jurisdiction to which taxpayers, individuals, and business representatives resort may be based on several principles. According to Weinreich (2016), they include selecting jurisdictions with minimum tax audit requirements and an opportunity to choose tax rates for the totality of taxes. In other words, the possibility of giving...
Recently, there have been discussions on the behavior of the housing market in the United States. The common issue is whether prices have risen too high and the factors leading to the situation. According to Schelkle (2018), housing prices between 2002-2005 exceeded individuals’ actual purchasing power, resulting in more people...
Introduction Pastry World Ltd is a company that is engaged in the sphere of semi-prepared and preserved foods. Although pastry is not the key component of a ratio of an average human, high-quality pastry is highly valued all over the world. The paper aims to analyze the revenue statement of...
During the trade war between China and the US, the former seeks to promote lower tariffs in international trade. China is currently lowering tariffs on other countries to find new trade partners and enhance relationships with existing ones. This paper provides information on trade barriers and the ways the countries...
The Authors’ Arguments Friedrich Hayek strove to defend traditional concepts of morality in economics and fought the progressive representatives of the new era who sought to destroy the classical canons. In his book, he compares rationalizers to Christians who tolerate human sinfulness but do their best to prevent it (Hayek...
For an investor, the ability to analyze the market situation to assess financial risks and get the most out of investments is critical. This requires careful analysis of interest rates, including for government bonds. First of all, it is necessary to remind that bonds traditionally mean securities issued by the...
Of primary importance is the recognition that inflation is not an unnatural or harmful mechanism for a country’s economy. Certainly, from the point of view of an ordinary citizen who pays taxes and gives their private money for goods, it may seem that the absence of pre-election inflation or even...
Large retail markets such as Walmart, H&M, and Zara are well-known to provide the whole population with affordable clothing. Textile factories need a lot of workforces to cover the demand of the customers. Unfortunately, not all employees are paid fairly, and even worse, are being forced into labor. According to...
Opinion on Raising the Minimum Wage From a personal viewpoint, increasing the minimum wage is great for the continued protection of workers against unduly low pay. However, this plan works best if the salary floor is set based on supply and demand for labor as opposed to other factors such...
Consumer Price Index (CPI) The current indicator is 255.77 (May 2020) (United States Consumer Price Index); a monthly parameter (255.90 in April). The decline is caused by the current epidemiological situation. The quarantine regime has led to economic difficulties. Unemployment Rate The current data is for June 2020 – 11.1%...
I wanted to notify you of the results of my investigation on specific criteria for the selection of the vendor. Choosing a vendor is one of the critical problems in managing the procurement of material and technical resources and services. From the variety of potential suppliers of goods and services,...
The debate on the issue of economic inequality mitigation has been one of the central aspects of global discussion for decades. The primary concern of such an argument has always been based upon establishing a direct link between the process of globalization and an increase in the gap between average...
Protectionist measures are policies enacted to safeguard domestic industries from competition with foreign firms. They are executed by introducing subsidies, trade tariffs, import quotas, and other trade barriers on imports from foreign business competitors. Remarkably, nearly all typical economists concur that free trade is essential for the thriving of the...
Introduction This is a project aimed at describing and discussing the conditions of public housing for families of different classes in New York City. The selected areas are intended to represent the living conditions in the entire City. The foundation for this project is the hypothesis that the living conditions...
The management of any large organization implies the control of its assets and shares. By issuing new stocks, redistributing, and repurchasing old ones, it is possible to regulate the financial position of the company and change its policy depending on the current economic situation. However, there is the possibility that...
The efficiency of executive compensation for shareholders is something that boards of directors and companies strive to achieve by maximizing their tax deductibility. The tax code (Internal Revenue Code) includes several provisions that apply to executive compensation such as Tax Code §162(m) – Deductibility of Executive Compensation and Tax Code...
Purchasing a home is often challenging as buyers can encounter many unforeseen issues, especially if they do not research the market, the seller, or the property’s history. Moreover, real estate is not only a place for living – it is also an investment opportunity. Thus, it is vital for one...
In recent years, there have been increased levels of international labor migration in various nations. Eastern Asian countries, such as Thailand, have seen a considerable surge in migrant workers, raising interest in individual nations’ impact. Walmsley et al. (2013) mention that immigrants comprise people with varied skill levels. He further...
Introduction The following financial statements ratio analysis report is based on the available financial statements of the Hospital of Saint Raphael for the years 2004 and 2005. The comparisons will be made with the financial information for the two years. The analysis will be based on the ratio of the...
Trend of Ford shares for the last five years is shown below. Based on the trend of the graph below, I will state that the stock price was fairly stable with little fluctuations except during the period of the financial crisis. From the trend shown below, I will state that...
Taxes represent involuntary charges imposed on people or companies and controlled by a government agency, whether local or national, to fund different operations within the country. From an economic perspective, taxes fall on the one who caters to their burden, be it an establishment such as a business or consumers...
Background to the study The concept of entrepreneurship is increasingly being appreciated by investors in an effort to maximize their wealth. According to Kuratko (2008, p.9), the financial school of thought in relation to entrepreneurship asserts that investors seek for growth of their capital and hence the emphasis on entrepreneurial...
Introduction The primary purpose of any form of taxation practiced across civilizations the world over is to raise revenue needed to finance public services. But there exist numerous tax systems that can be used to achieve this noble objective, including property tax, personal income tax, inheritance tax, sales tax, and...
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) refers to a self-regulating national agency that insures thrifts and deposits in the US banks if a financial institution fails. The agency was established in 1933 to promote a stable financial system and maintain public confidence by encouraging effective and efficient banking practices (Failed Bank...
The market is not a constant structure, but an ever-changing and complex construct. The well-known ideals of monopolistic and competitive markets are not as widely applicable as they would seem at first glance. Monopolistic competition and oligopoly are examples of mixed market systems. In terms of output and pricing, they...
The relevance of the topic regarding cash flow management remains essential in the modern market. Sustainable profit is the main source that contributes to the proper functioning and development of any company as well as a stable financial position. According to researchers, cash flows can be defined as “the amount...
Executive Summary The liability of auditors has been a subject of debate in the recent past. The company law, international auditing Standards and the International Financial Reporting Standards stipulate the need for auditors work in the financial reports of companies. In addition, these bodies plus the statutory legislations of different...
Problems of Measuring Cost of Living Fluctuating in a seemingly unpredictable way, inflation rates are shaped by a range of factors, one of which is the change in the cost of living. However, measuring the specified characteristic is also quite difficult due to the multiple variables that have to be...
Introduction and background details Dividend The dividend is a taxable payment declared by the company’s board of directors and is distributed among its shareholders. This distribution is out of the company’s earning or retained profit. Dividends could only be paid from the amount of profit that the company has made...
Introduction Any country will adopt a particular tax system as a way of solving most of the social and economic problems faced by the nation. Therefore, the major purpose of the system will be in raising revenue for use in improving public services and infrastructure which all the people will...
The leading tendency of globalization is its presence even in those countries where other trends of the current world economy are weakly and hardly noticeable. According to Martin et al. (2018), “it is a complex admixture of different, though interrelated, historically evolving developments and transformations—economic, technological, cultural and social” (p....
In general, globalization may be defined as the process of integration and interaction among countries worldwide and the growing interdependence of their economies, populations, and cultures. Globalization is stimulated by international trade-in technologies, products, and services and the flows of people, investment, and information. That is why the development of...
The article discusses the strategies of global market expansion for entrepreneurial firms. Two types of strategies are identified: market diversification and market concentration. The first strategy is based on a gradual expansion from one market to another. The second strategy is more aggressive and implies fast expansion into multiple markets....
The product developed by our company can have a market in any country which has a substantial population. The task at hand is to choose the countries where the population is high and so is the growth rate. Further, the country’s return on the FDI confidence index must also be...
Introduction The far-reaching changes across American states, caused by globalization, affect everyone. Feng et al. (2019), for example, mentions that more open policies support new technology, which in turn create a more interconnected society. The level of interconnection introduced by globalization includes increasing investment, economic interdependence, and global production. Feenstra...
Introduction In the XXI century, the concept of the American Dream seems to be completely inseparable from the image of the United States (Li, 2010). The idea of North America representing the business empire and the place where even the most daring and reckless ventures turn out to be a...
Purpose of Cost Allocation in US Corps of Engineers Even though US Corps of Engineers is a branch of US federal government, there is the need for cost allocation for deriving an equitable distribution of the project costs among several projects authorized to be executed. In addition, there are legal...
Introduction Taxation is known to be one of the most popular channels of raising money to fund government operations viewed to be of the common good of all citizens. Governments all over the world tax various economic activities depending on the circumstances facing the country. Some of the common areas...
The COVID-19 pandemic had an unprecedented impact on the world, creating a global shock never seen before. The lockdown, disruptions, and closed borders negatively impacted an interconnected globalized economy. There were simultaneous disruptions to both supply and demand elements of the economic curve, sending the health of the overall market...
Companies face significant challenges from different angles as it was noticed due to political instability, economical remedies, and recently due to coronavirus pandemic. Despite the fact that various issues present a threat to organizations, they can successfully manage the situation and become more efficient. Human Resources Management (HRM) aims to...
