Economics Free Essay Examples

The people who provide financial backing to a company for the return of lifetime dividends are known as shareholders. One can become a shareholder of a particular organization either by memorandum subscription during incorporation and they can also invest in new company shares or by purchasing shares of an existing...

Germany is the largest economy in Europe and among the biggest economies in the world. The current economic condition is on a negative trend due to the outbreak of the Corona Virus. The COVID-19 pandemic led to the closure of businesses and a low in sales of various products, especially...

A global strategy is based on the assumption that the consumption and production patterns of goods and services are homogenous worldwide and countries are interconnected. Multinational enterprises keep total control of their activities by centralizing decision-making global strategy to increase profits while reducing production costs. MNEs can execute global strategy...

Reasons why Modigliani & Miller’s propositions were initially misunderstood Modigliani and Miller’s propositions were initially misunderstood because of the irrelevance of the propositions that were proving to be irrelevant, still raising hackles in academic circles. The criticism revolving around M&M’s failure to recognize the great importance of adhering to taxes...

The ethical dilemma that Mr. Markham is currently facing is the necessity to choose between the two undesirable options. These are: whether to report the board of directors of the pension funds the real numbers regarding their value of liabilities, which are two times higher than the ‘official numbers,’ or...

During the period of economic downturn, a stimulating policy (expansionist) is carried out, which implies an increase in government spending and a decrease in tax rates. During the upsurge, a contractionary (restrictive) policy is carried out. In the time of recession, a stimulating fiscal policy (fiscal expansion) is provided, which...

Introduction In the contemporary information-driven markets, consumer purchasing behaviors are particularly dependent on the availability and credibility of information about a product one has an intention to buy. For this essay, the product selected for analysis was running shoes. Different brands of running shoes were examined to retrieve online reviews...

Introduction Behavioral finance is based on the concept that market inefficiencies can be identified and effectively exploited for making accurate predictions on future investment market movements. It is an alternative view of the efficient market hypothesis or EMH. “A growing field of research called behavioral finance studies how cognitive or...

Introduction Purpose Statement The present report was commissioned by the chief financial analyst of the Euroland Company. The primary task was to identify three investment opportunities for the client in the banking sector and assess their financial performance during the past five years using appropriate ratios. The purpose of the...

The discount rate for the following equities A risk-free equity for the US Treasury Note The definition of the risk-free equity suggests an extreme scenario. The reason why the US Treasury Note is risk free is because it is expected to be free of default risks. In other words, it...

Description of the Primary Target Market A primary target market is a segment of a market section that the business believes will provide an opportunity for it to sell its products or services. My full-service beauty salon business seeks to attract these potential consumers to purchase the services and products...

Anacker, K. B. (2019). Introduction: housing affordability and affordable housing.  The author in this article discusses chosen aspects of the inexpensiveness of houses in respect to domestic expenses and domestic earnings and the selected aspects of inexpensive housing. This is an excellent source because it offers appropriate foundations for considering...

Business Problem In budgetary financial matters, extensive consideration has been given to comprehend the relationship between returns, instability, and exchanging volume. Price-volume relationship and investors’ attention is imperative since this observational relationship helps in contending hypotheses of trading behavior and market trend. The analysis enhances the development of the test...

The choice of the countries for the paper was directed by the following information. Canada is a member of OECD that ranks fifth among oil exporters in the world (“The World Factbook” par. 1-3). However, Canada’s export is relatively diversified and is dominated by various types of petroleum (crude oil...

International Accounting Standard 18 (IAS 18) addresses issues relating to revenue and the various instances whether or not revenue should be recognized. According to this standard, revenue can only be recognized to have accrued to an entity only if it meets a number of key conditions among them being: “..The...

Abstract In the present day rapidly changing market environments, it has become critically important for investors to take a deliberate approach for capturing opportunities to enhance returns and at the same time to manage their portfolio volatility efficiently. While prudent investing calls for taking calculated risks a disciplined asset allocation...

The competitiveness of a country is determined by the competitiveness of enterprises, industries, types of economic activity, clusters, municipalities, regions. However, the company’s competitiveness is affected by the national competitiveness in which it operates. Almost every sector of the economy contains the following five factors of competitiveness, including quality, price,...

Production and Costs The Walmart-branded Equate pharmacy and beauty product line is the target product to analyze. These products are presented in a wide range and include cosmetic goods for body care and therapeutic drugs to maintain health (“Quality care begins here,” 2020). The factors involved in the production process...

The tourism sector of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is among the most prospective and potentially lucrative sectors of the nation’s economy. Although the country is the largest oil exporter in the world, it is important to point out that such a heavy reliance on one source of national income...

Sole Proprietorship Steps to Form The proprietor decides on the product or service to render and selects a unique name for their business. There are no legal formalities required during the establishment of the enterprise. However, the proprietor is required to obtain the prerequisite business licenses, depending on the location...

Unlike a company’s short-term operating expenses, calculated as a rule for one reporting period (quarter, year), capital budgeting offers powerful firm tools to analyze long-term investments’ effectiveness. In general, capital budgeting should be understood as a decision-making process through which a firm evaluates the feasibility of purchasing significant assets. Tools...

The United States experienced a recession in 2008, which extended to other European countries. According to Bargain et al. (2017), recession refers to a considerable reduction in economic activity within a particular economy, which lasts for many months. It is normally visible in real gross domestic product (GDP), employment rate,...

Taxes Table 1: Displays Various Taxes, Where Funds Are Used And Government Body Responsible For Rates. Tax Funds Governmental Body Responsible for Rate of Taxation Arizona State Sales Tax The funds add to the revenue collected by the state, which is then used to run government projects and public services....

This article has written about the origins and development of European competition policy. Many claim that German ordoliberal ideas were the guiding force, but a careful examination of the problem reveals that France and the United States played a crucial role in implementing the most supranational of all European policies....

A significant portion of the federal budget is focused on defense programs, domestic security, and maintaining foreign relationships. Although the federal budget accounts for several vital aspects like healthcare, education, and social security, where any changes would have an instant effect, the same could not be said about reducing some...

Several towns have tremendous influence not only within one country but throughout the world. Cities like these are critical to entire regions, with cultural, economic and political impact. Often, they have a rich history, which is why most of the global cities are vital settlements of the most developed world...

Exchange rate volatility The exchange rate can be defined as the currency of a given country expressed in terms of another country’s currency. The changes in the exchange rate affect the profits made by international trading partners and multinational corporations. The exchange rate also affects the value of investments as...

Introduction It is the role of the financial market to ensure that funds are channeled from the government to those who have a shortage of funds and may wish to spend more than they earn. The book, The Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets by Frederic Mishkin, illustrates how...

Introduction There are different sections of the ICFR, which defines the rules and regulations for liquidating subsidiary corporations and the role of the parent corporation. These provisions include section 331, section 332, section 334, and section 337. All these sections define the process of liquidating and the legal procedures that...

Introduction Inward foreign direct investment (FDI) is a concept that has gained momentum over the recent past. Several countries in the world have implemented the provisions of the concept in their quest to attain the much-desired economic development. The concept implies encouragement of foreign investments in countries, which need economic...

Globalization is an ambiguous process with its advantages and disadvantages. It is impossible without significant changes in the ordinary life of people. Globalization even affects such processes as training and the development of additional skills to work in the field where changes are taking place. This process aims at changing...

Introduction and Summary Introducing opportunities and creating a functional support system for those struggling to locate employment options is one of the central issues that the U.S. government must address. However, not all of the solutions that might seem effective on the surface will deliver the expected results. In his...

The issue of participating of the government in the economic life of the country was widely discussed in the 19th century. This tendency was characteristic of American politicians as well. In the 19th century, Henry Clay appeared to be a prominent statesman, whose activity was influential in the context of...

Introduction Inflation is a highly contentious issue. This is due to its economic implications. For instance, if not regulated, inflation has the potential of crippling a country’s economy. As a result of this, governments are always coming up with policies and strategies to ensure that it remains at manageable levels,...

For this week’s assignment, the stock prices of Tesla are reviewed using Yahoo’s Finance service. Tesla is a United States-based company that works in the industry of electric car manufacturing construction and is of the companies owned by Elon Musk. Tesla is a great company, both because it entered a...

The Company Essential Monitors, Inc (EMI) is not satisfied with existing sales level so they want to adopt improved sales strategy. California has high – demand for computer equipments. “February 1, 2010—January LCD monitor production for top PC and monitor brands—about 85% of the market—was 12.5 M, the highest level...

Australia and New Zealand are neighboring countries with highly intertwined economies and cultures. Australia, which has a larger and more industrialized economy, utilizes the Australian dollar (AUD), while New Zealand with an advanced market economy utilizes the New Zealand dollar (NZD), informally known as Kiwi. The two countries maintain a...

Introduction and thesis In the past decades, various economies across the globe have come face to face with the implications that arise due to poor management and regulation of financial resources. The effects of the same have been felt by all individuals socially and economically making financial management a force...

Portland, Oregon will be examined to determine the current status of economic development. The resources for this study initially will come from public administrator generated information. The data will be assessed using S.W.O. T. Analysis. “Smart” Action Research will then be conducted to determine what specific economic development strategies may...

Introduction The ongoing European debt crisis has been recorded as the worst to have hit the continent ever since the euro was adopted as a common currency more than 12 years ago. The devastating aftermath has already seen such countries as Greece, Portugal as well as Ireland being put on...

Introduction Selection of market securities that would be included in a certain investment portfolio requires scanning of various instruments in diverse financial markets. The markets from which the market instruments are picked include the capital market and the money market (Jordan, Miller, & Dolvin, 2012).The capital market is involved in...

Introduction Gupta and Synn (2010) argue that, to increase the wealth of the firm, managers must use the correct evaluation models to identify the right project. This recommendation was put forward by various researchers to resolve problems that emerged after using traditional approach in evaluating projects. This particular proposal is...

Introduction Pittsburgh is one of the largest cities in Pennsylvania, known as a former steel center and a modern hub for high-tech companies. The town was famous in the early 20th century for its steel industry, ranking second in the US for steel production (Carter, 2016). However, in 1970-1980 the...

Comparison of financial reports of the companies The financial position of company A is stronger than that of company B. The total assets of company A at the end of 2011 amounted to $1,176,027,002 while for company A totaled $238,968. Similarly, revenue for company A was greater than that of...

Introduction According to De Souza (2018), Durkheim defined the concept of division of labor as follows: “a way of investigating the moral consequences of the growing complexity within modern societies” (p. 655). An example of that concept, in this case, is the process of drug manufacturing, distributing, and medical care...

Background In the 21st century, competition is becoming a challenge within the business environment due to an increment in the rate of globalization. This is affecting operation of firms in different economic sectors. The insurance industry has not been shielded from this challenge. A large number of investors are venturing...

Introduction Strategic planning requires the analysis of an entity’s external and internal environments using the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis approach. This technique involves evaluating the threats, strengths, opportunities, and weaknesses impacting a company’s operations.1 SWOT analysis’s primary objective is distinguishing the most beneficial fit between a given...

What Is the Economic Meaning of a Recession? A recession is a notable reduction in the economic performance of a nation that lasts for more than a few months affecting labor availability and industrial performance. Boushey et al. (2019) also define a recession as a period of economic contract and...

Introduction In the 21st century, global economic activities have acquired an unprecedented scope, which is enabled by rapid technological progress. Communication and transportation have become easier than ever, bringing nations closer together and promoting the international exchange of goods and services. In this regard, prosperous companies have been actively developing...

Introduction The phrase financial crisis has been applied in wider aspects in recent days with an array of state of affairs in where some financial organisation or assets unexpectedly go down of a large portion of their value. Through around the centuries the civilization has evidenced financial crises coupled with...

SME lending policies of the British banks before and after the financial crisis The financial crisis that almost brought the world’s economy to its knees in 2008/2009 has left many economies struggling and led to radical changes in the financial sector (Dullien et al. 2010, p. 113). As countries take...

The South Korean economy is a highly developed mixed economy, holding 10th place by nominal GDP, which is one of the most successful and flexible in the world due to its high-tech industries. However, the country’s economy is characterized by a unique feature that is not seen to such an...

Introduction Globalization has turned the world into a small village where movement and communication are easily done irrespective of the location of an individual. Technological improvement in the field of communication has meant that it is now possible for a business unit to communicate with its customers all over the...

Introduction During recent decades, many countries in Europe and Asia abandoned socialist regimen. Changes related to such transitions have influenced different spheres including political, economic, and social. Vietnam is an example of a successful transition of a low-income country, which moved from centrally planned to a market economy (Tran, 2013)....

Introduction In business, companies, managers, and employees strive to offer the best customer service because happy customers lead to more sales and higher profits. The “customer is always right” is a cliché statement that is used as a foundational philosophy for running successful businesses. It is an expression of how...

Obesity and overweight are major public health concerns worldwide. Mexico is not an exception: as per recent estimations, two-thirds of adults and one-third of Mexican children and adolescents are carrying excessive weight (Colchero, Salgado, Unar-Munguía, Hernandez-Avila, & Rivera-Dommarco, 2015). In terms of obesity and diabetes rates, among all the country...

Analysis of cost Some of the opening costs of the restaurant will be capitalized. These start-up costs relate to the one activity of opening the restaurant and not daily operation of the business. The costs that will be capitalized are summarized in the table presented below. Item Amount (ĂE) 1...

Customer service can be defined as the advice or assistance an organization gives to individuals who sell or buy its products. This entails reliability, attitude, accountability, knowledge, skills, communication, and efficiency (Melander, 2018). These services help customers to have an enjoyable and comfortable experience with the company; therefore, build trust...

Introduction Background Information Many social science researchers and practitioners have been interested in the concept and field of consumer behavior. There is a lack of consensus on what constitutes consumer behavior as scholars define the image differently. The term has been described as “the actions and decision processes of people...

Summary Today’s economic landscape is characterized by its rapid globalization, prompting brands to expand their operations. Once an organization succeeds in its local market, it is natural for the management to consider international opportunities by launching a new project in other locations. However, such a development process can pose certain...

Introduction This refers to a process where a firm evaluates reviews and compares its internal departmental performance against the set standards and where there is deviation a necessary step is taken accordingly. Any strategy adopted by a firm will have a direct impact on the performance and hence its survival....

Introduction In the recent past, many organizations have established mergers to improve the level of competition in the global markets. In the banking industry, various banks have established mergers to improve performance in the markets and to establish competitive strategies. Some of the mergers, which have been established in the...

Introduction There are several types of foreign exchange rate systems namely; floating exchange rate, pegged exchange rate and fixed exchange rate system. In a floating exchange rate system, the market movements determine the rate of exchange. The government or the central bank does not interfere with the rate of exchange....

Newman, Rick. “Stocks to Watch When the Markets Reopen.” US News 2012. Web. Among the external environmental factors that can have a possible effect on business companies, all sorts of outside influences are taken into account, as a rule, with one major exception. Weirdly enough, the influence of the environment itself...

Introduction Following the downfall of Lehman brothers, attention was focused on the role of regulators and credit rating agencies in the whole debacle. The public demanded for answers that were not forthcoming from all the concerned parties. This experience was to throw the Sarbanes-Oxley Act under close scrutiny and questions...

Introduction Over the years the CAPM model has been used by investors when considering investing in multiple projects. The model provides a way to enable investors to make an estimation of the expected return that can be arrived at from investing in a security. It bases its assumption on the...

Introduction The aspects of the creation of an FRP have to be viewed in consonance with its hypothesis and payback values. The following basic outline design has to be followed in any plan of FRP for the banking industry Using Forms to Provide sequence for verification Log File Advice and...

The global interest rates have declined significantly over the last two decades. Specifically, many advanced economies have witnessed an astounding decrease in interest rates. In developed nations, interest rates are estimated to have declined by 4 percent in the last two decades. The decrease represents a significant drop that has...

Introduction Economic instabilities such as the Great Recession of 2008 are as a result of weakened regulations. As from the mid-2000s, for instance, lenders expanded the meaning of credit-worthiness and started to extend mortgages even to buyers who had poor credit histories (Truby, Brown, & Dahdal 2020). A significant number...

One of the best ways to control the activity of the organization is to have a balance shit as a way of monitoring a company from the financial and tax points of view. A balance sheet is a financial statement that shows the financial position of a business or an...

Hinterlands are the lands or regions behind a coast line served by a port as the terminal for commercial activities. These lands are where the port as a terminal draws its commercial activities from. The forelands are the lands beyond the sea serving as a destination of goods and services...

Importance of persuasion is especially evident in the current debates about COVID-19. In particular, media, experts, and ordinary people compare economic crisis caused by COVID-19 with global financial crisis of 2008 (Estrada & Arturo, 2020). The authorities traditionally prepare for the past, already known downturn. However, the events caused by...

Initial Post Part A: Simulation Simulation in Excel is a simple task that does not require much time. If one needs to simulate random values, he or she may use simple functions of RAND or RANDBETWEEN functions. RAND function provides a number between 0 and 1 with a low probability...

Real estate investment is the commitment of finances to the property with the objective of generating income through lease or rental with an aim of capital appreciation in the long run. Real estate is basically land and any developments made to land and the sets of rights acquired with it,...

The Effects of the Driving Forces of Globalization There is no doubt that today’s world has become substantially different from the social, economic, and production systems that were relevant only a few decades ago. Such changes can be seen in all spheres of life, from the classical communication between people...

According to Gowland (2007), monetary policy refers to the process that is used by governments through central banks in regulating the amount of money supply within the economy. This is undertaken by regulating the rates of interest. Depending on the economic conditions in a country, the government can conduct an...

For Mark and Spencer, Australia is a potential country to expand its business and gain a new market. Australia represents a small, open economy with unusual wage-setting institutions. During the past twenty years, its development has been similar to that of most nations in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and...

Introduction Research has shown that countries with huge dominant state-owned corporations experience low capital growth compared to states with low state-owned corporations. This is attributed to the effective investment allocation by the privately-owned companies as compared to the state-owned corporations. The current trend in the world has seen most state-owned...

The current study employs a quantitative design to explore the relationship between demand and supply in the Hawaii housing market. The independent value is housing supply, and specifically, the number of residential units constructed annually between 1993 and 2015 and annual commercial building permit value between 2002 and 2013. The...

Summary As far as the topic of finance is concerned, it is first of all necessary to understand the difference between the two notions that some people usually use interchangeably. They are accounting and finance, and the exact line drawn between them facilitates the further understanding of finance as the...

Introduction The international Accounting Standards (IAS), Company Law, and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) provide that companies must prepare financial statements for financial reporting purposes at the end of every financial year. These financial statements include income statement (profit and loss account), balance sheet, and cash flow statement. The income...

Introduction The federal budget of the United States consists of the spending and revenues of the U. S. federal government. As of now, the US government’s primary expenses include healthcare, retirement, and defense programs. Among the leading trends of the last five decades, the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office reports the...

Technological advancements in the field of transportation are essential to consider when discussing the subject of economics. Several researchers state that the period from 1865 to 1900 manifests a significant rise in nationwide profits in the United States, spurred by the transport system changes (Rosenberg 50). In this essay, the...

The given macroeconomics research paper will focus on the multimedia service provider Netflix. The company’s structure is a subscription-based streaming platform, where viewers have an opportunity to watch both Netflix’s original films and other contracted ones. The primary attention will be paid to the macroeconomic structure of Netflix as a...

The government of every nation has certain responsibilities that it must meet to ensure that all the activities being conducted in the country are running smoothly. The various responsibilities of the government include the provision of public goods such as security, roads, health care, and education (Schanz & Schanz, 2010)....