2451 samples of this type
Hans Rosling states that inequalities in China and India are a big issue after looking at the drastic economic differences within the countries. In particular, he mentions that Shanghai is even healthier economically if compared to the United States, whereas Guizhou remains overwhelmingly poor. As for India, the speaker explains...
Introduction The Housing Crisis of 2007 was a massive economic meltdown that occurred when banks oversold mortgages in an attempt to satisfy the high demand for securities. Insurance companies, banks, and hedge funds influenced the subprime mortgage crisis. The financial institutions provided mortgage-backed securities while insurance companies provided credit default...
Terms of references The aim of setting of optimal capital is to use the whole amount of capital that has less cost of acquisitions. This includes debt and equity capital. The profits are measured in terms of the total assets used to conduct business operations and not just the equity...
Introduction The economic history of economic condition of a country shows the country’s present economic status, and the economic well being of the country. With the economic recession the world economy has been facing crisis regarding their GDP growth, inflation, current account balance, and unemployment rate (UN, 2008). This paper...
Introduction The economic system of states is a complex, multifaceted set of procedures and measures initiated by government and society in order to maintain the financial development or stability of the state. Among the multitude of descriptive facts, special attention should be paid to deficit spending, which characterizes the state...
The fund custodian, Shady Rest, prepared the fund’s books in Euros, since it was a country fund that invested solely in securities listed on the Madrid Stock Exchange. However, this decision is very detrimental because of several reasons. The custodians could have chosen an appropriate functional currency that could have...
It is hard to disagree that there is typically a strong correlation between some changes, for example, in prices, and a quantity demanded. Fan et al. (2019) discuss how changes in climate may have significant effects on electricity demand in China. According to the authors, since the electricity sector is...
Bank of America is a leading US financial institution dedicated to serving individual consumers, large corporations, and small and medium-sized enterprises with a broad range of banking, investment, and management products and services. It provides easy-to-use online products and services and is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (Bank...
Introduction Consumer behavior is one of the most crucial topics in business because it determines sales and profit. Consumers dictate how specific products or services are portrayed on social media (Mariani et al., 2018). Therefore, understanding their decisions requires the knowledge of psychology and neuroscience. Indeed, behavioral psychology is critical...
A tax haven is a state that has no payment of taxes be it personal or corporate. Businesses are allowed to operate without the intervention of the government in form of taxes (Shaxson, 2011). One of these states is the Liberia which allows the residents to carry out business or...
Introduction ICICI Bank is one of the major banks in India. According to the bank’s financial reports of the financial year 2013, its assets are worth the US $ 99 billion. The bank has are not less than “3588 branches and 11,162 ATMs in India” (ICICI 2013, p. 1). “ICICI...
Complementary goods are items that are preferably used along with each other. One such good is more practical and popular among consumers if used in conjunction with another compliment. Thereby, any changes in the price of one good directly affect the demand and supply of another. Complementary goods affect each...
Introduction Poverty poses a severe threat to sustainable national and world development. It implies the inability to provide the most necessary human needs for comfortable living conditions. At the same time, the established minimum wage levels also cannot provide the required income for a high standard of living. This work...
In a number of cases, the government, proceeding from certain political, economic, or social interests, establishes restrictions on the market to exert a stimulating or restraining effect on it. However, the government’s actions disrupt the mechanism of market forces, and as a result, such situations may arise in which the...
The principles of PPP, its merits and demerits One of the principles of PPPs is to have the public sector gain access to private sector resources. The resources are in the form of expertise and finance (Public-private partnerships, 2013). The private sector has more innovative ways of raising a large...
The people who provide financial backing to a company for the return of lifetime dividends are known as shareholders. One can become a shareholder of a particular organization either by memorandum subscription during incorporation and they can also invest in new company shares or by purchasing shares of an existing...
A global strategy is based on the assumption that the consumption and production patterns of goods and services are homogenous worldwide and countries are interconnected. Multinational enterprises keep total control of their activities by centralizing decision-making global strategy to increase profits while reducing production costs. MNEs can execute global strategy...
The ethical dilemma that Mr. Markham is currently facing is the necessity to choose between the two undesirable options. These are: whether to report the board of directors of the pension funds the real numbers regarding their value of liabilities, which are two times higher than the ‘official numbers,’ or...
Introduction In the contemporary information-driven markets, consumer purchasing behaviors are particularly dependent on the availability and credibility of information about a product one has an intention to buy. For this essay, the product selected for analysis was running shoes. Different brands of running shoes were examined to retrieve online reviews...
Introduction Behavioral finance is based on the concept that market inefficiencies can be identified and effectively exploited for making accurate predictions on future investment market movements. It is an alternative view of the efficient market hypothesis or EMH. “A growing field of research called behavioral finance studies how cognitive or...
Introduction Purpose Statement The present report was commissioned by the chief financial analyst of the Euroland Company. The primary task was to identify three investment opportunities for the client in the banking sector and assess their financial performance during the past five years using appropriate ratios. The purpose of the...
The discount rate for the following equities A risk-free equity for the US Treasury Note The definition of the risk-free equity suggests an extreme scenario. The reason why the US Treasury Note is risk free is because it is expected to be free of default risks. In other words, it...
Description of the Primary Target Market A primary target market is a segment of a market section that the business believes will provide an opportunity for it to sell its products or services. My full-service beauty salon business seeks to attract these potential consumers to purchase the services and products...
Business Problem In budgetary financial matters, extensive consideration has been given to comprehend the relationship between returns, instability, and exchanging volume. Price-volume relationship and investors’ attention is imperative since this observational relationship helps in contending hypotheses of trading behavior and market trend. The analysis enhances the development of the test...
The choice of the countries for the paper was directed by the following information. Canada is a member of OECD that ranks fifth among oil exporters in the world (“The World Factbook” par. 1-3). However, Canada’s export is relatively diversified and is dominated by various types of petroleum (crude oil...
The western countries can help Vietnam improve its business climate by assisting the country in improving its legal, political, and regulatory frameworks. Since Vietnam’s exports depend on multinationals such as Samsung, the country must focus on providing opportunities for local companies. Western nations can instruct the Vietnamese officials on how...
A risky financial decision under consideration was made by a close relative, who decided to purchase an already operational liquor store that had been closed for a month due to serious documentation issues. However, the relative believed that it would be easy to operate an already established entity as compared...
Abstract In the present day rapidly changing market environments, it has become critically important for investors to take a deliberate approach for capturing opportunities to enhance returns and at the same time to manage their portfolio volatility efficiently. While prudent investing calls for taking calculated risks a disciplined asset allocation...
It is no secret that there is a significant difference in economic power and potential between the Russian Federation and the United States. Nevertheless, the unemployment rates of both countries are close. According to Kuranova (2021), “Russia’s unemployment rate came in at 5.8% in January 2021” (para. 1). In the...
The competitiveness of a country is determined by the competitiveness of enterprises, industries, types of economic activity, clusters, municipalities, regions. However, the company’s competitiveness is affected by the national competitiveness in which it operates. Almost every sector of the economy contains the following five factors of competitiveness, including quality, price,...
The tourism sector of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is among the most prospective and potentially lucrative sectors of the nation’s economy. Although the country is the largest oil exporter in the world, it is important to point out that such a heavy reliance on one source of national income...
Based on the results generated from our research work, there are a number of criteria that affect consumers’ experience and results in their final purchase behavior. The primary data was collected through the survey procedures conducted among the general public through the Survey Monkey online service. We collected responses and...
Unlike a company’s short-term operating expenses, calculated as a rule for one reporting period (quarter, year), capital budgeting offers powerful firm tools to analyze long-term investments’ effectiveness. In general, capital budgeting should be understood as a decision-making process through which a firm evaluates the feasibility of purchasing significant assets. Tools...
The United States experienced a recession in 2008, which extended to other European countries. According to Bargain et al. (2017), recession refers to a considerable reduction in economic activity within a particular economy, which lasts for many months. It is normally visible in real gross domestic product (GDP), employment rate,...
Taxes Table 1: Displays Various Taxes, Where Funds Are Used And Government Body Responsible For Rates. Tax Funds Governmental Body Responsible for Rate of Taxation Arizona State Sales Tax The funds add to the revenue collected by the state, which is then used to run government projects and public services....
This article has written about the origins and development of European competition policy. Many claim that German ordoliberal ideas were the guiding force, but a careful examination of the problem reveals that France and the United States played a crucial role in implementing the most supranational of all European policies....
Several towns have tremendous influence not only within one country but throughout the world. Cities like these are critical to entire regions, with cultural, economic and political impact. Often, they have a rich history, which is why most of the global cities are vital settlements of the most developed world...
Introduction It is the role of the financial market to ensure that funds are channeled from the government to those who have a shortage of funds and may wish to spend more than they earn. The book, The Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets by Frederic Mishkin, illustrates how...
The article talks about economics as a division of social science (Heilbroner, 1991). According to Jack Hirshleifer, economics appreciates its grand status because it provided part of the social theory’s master pattern. However, while social biology also contributed or supplied the other portion. Economics and social biology are both combined...
Introduction Inward foreign direct investment (FDI) is a concept that has gained momentum over the recent past. Several countries in the world have implemented the provisions of the concept in their quest to attain the much-desired economic development. The concept implies encouragement of foreign investments in countries, which need economic...
Introduction and Summary Introducing opportunities and creating a functional support system for those struggling to locate employment options is one of the central issues that the U.S. government must address. However, not all of the solutions that might seem effective on the surface will deliver the expected results. In his...
Introduction Inflation is a highly contentious issue. This is due to its economic implications. For instance, if not regulated, inflation has the potential of crippling a country’s economy. As a result of this, governments are always coming up with policies and strategies to ensure that it remains at manageable levels,...
For businesses to manage a good stock flow, inventories help balance between new and old stock as it protects businesses from recording preventable losses. In most cases, this is achieved by the use of First In First Out (FIFO) and Last In Last Out (LIFO) models of stock tracking. LIFO...
Australia and New Zealand are neighboring countries with highly intertwined economies and cultures. Australia, which has a larger and more industrialized economy, utilizes the Australian dollar (AUD), while New Zealand with an advanced market economy utilizes the New Zealand dollar (NZD), informally known as Kiwi. The two countries maintain a...
Portland, Oregon will be examined to determine the current status of economic development. The resources for this study initially will come from public administrator generated information. The data will be assessed using S.W.O. T. Analysis. “Smart” Action Research will then be conducted to determine what specific economic development strategies may...
Introduction Pittsburgh is one of the largest cities in Pennsylvania, known as a former steel center and a modern hub for high-tech companies. The town was famous in the early 20th century for its steel industry, ranking second in the US for steel production (Carter, 2016). However, in 1970-1980 the...
Comparison of Financial Reports of the Companies The financial position of company A is stronger than that of company B. The total assets of Company A at the end of 2011 amounted to $1,176,027,002 while for Company A totaled $238,968. Similarly, revenue for company A was greater than that of...
Introduction According to De Souza (2018), Durkheim defined the concept of division of labor as follows: “a way of investigating the moral consequences of the growing complexity within modern societies” (p. 655). An example of that concept, in this case, is the process of drug manufacturing, distributing, and medical care...
Brexit implies “British exit”, and this term is used to name the process of separating the United Kingdom from the European Union in the context of economic and political development. Since 1973 the UK had been a member of the union before the population expressed the desire to finish it...
It is essential to recognize that in the world of serious business, along with opportunities for real economic growth, companies face the potential threat of financial and reputational collapse and decline. This ambiguity of possible outcomes is primarily due to the increase in the number of competitors in the industry,...
What Is the Economic Meaning of a Recession? A recession is a notable reduction in the economic performance of a nation that lasts for more than a few months affecting labor availability and industrial performance. Boushey et al. (2019) also define a recession as a period of economic contract and...
Introduction The phrase financial crisis has been applied in wider aspects in recent days with an array of state of affairs in where some financial organisation or assets unexpectedly go down of a large portion of their value. Through around the centuries the civilization has evidenced financial crises coupled with...
In their article, the authors compare the general performance of conventional and religious (Islamic) stock returns in Saudi Arabia. They aim to determine the impact of religious preferences and their ability to create investor recognition effects and segmented financial markets (Alhomaidi, et al., 2019). The examination of all Saudi firms’...
SME lending policies of the British banks before and after the financial crisis The financial crisis that almost brought the world’s economy to its knees in 2008/2009 has left many economies struggling and led to radical changes in the financial sector (Dullien et al. 2010, p. 113). As countries take...
Introduction Globalization has turned the world into a small village where movement and communication are easily done irrespective of the location of an individual. Technological improvement in the field of communication has meant that it is now possible for a business unit to communicate with its customers all over the...
Introduction During recent decades, many countries in Europe and Asia abandoned socialist regimen. Changes related to such transitions have influenced different spheres including political, economic, and social. Vietnam is an example of a successful transition of a low-income country, which moved from centrally planned to a market economy (Tran, 2013)....
Analysis of cost Some of the opening costs of the restaurant will be capitalized. These start-up costs relate to the one activity of opening the restaurant and not daily operation of the business. The costs that will be capitalized are summarized in the table presented below. Item Amount (ĂE) 1...
There is a common belief that Baby Boomers are focused on career development, while generation Y representatives are technologically savvy. I believe that the generalization about different consumer segments is valid and can be used by marketing specialists to make decisions. First and foremost, these generalizations are based on study...
Summary Today’s economic landscape is characterized by its rapid globalization, prompting brands to expand their operations. Once an organization succeeds in its local market, it is natural for the management to consider international opportunities by launching a new project in other locations. However, such a development process can pose certain...
Introduction This refers to a process where a firm evaluates reviews and compares its internal departmental performance against the set standards and where there is deviation a necessary step is taken accordingly. Any strategy adopted by a firm will have a direct impact on the performance and hence its survival....
Introduction There are several types of foreign exchange rate systems namely; floating exchange rate, pegged exchange rate and fixed exchange rate system. In a floating exchange rate system, the market movements determine the rate of exchange. The government or the central bank does not interfere with the rate of exchange....
Newman, Rick. “Stocks to Watch When the Markets Reopen.” US News 2012. Web. Among the external environmental factors that can have a possible effect on business companies, all sorts of outside influences are taken into account, as a rule, with one major exception. Weirdly enough, the influence of the environment itself...
Introduction Following the downfall of Lehman brothers, attention was focused on the role of regulators and credit rating agencies in the whole debacle. The public demanded for answers that were not forthcoming from all the concerned parties. This experience was to throw the Sarbanes-Oxley Act under close scrutiny and questions...
Introduction Over the years the CAPM model has been used by investors when considering investing in multiple projects. The model provides a way to enable investors to make an estimation of the expected return that can be arrived at from investing in a security. It bases its assumption on the...
COVID-19 and subsequent lockdown measures significantly affected the civilian labor force participation rate and the unemployment rate. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (2021), 61.4% is the last known so far civilian labor force participation rate. The current U-3 total unemployed percentage is 6.3, while the current U-6...
One of the best ways to control the activity of the organization is to have a balance shit as a way of monitoring a company from the financial and tax points of view. A balance sheet is a financial statement that shows the financial position of a business or an...
Hinterlands are the lands or regions behind a coast line served by a port as the terminal for commercial activities. These lands are where the port as a terminal draws its commercial activities from. The forelands are the lands beyond the sea serving as a destination of goods and services...
Importance of persuasion is especially evident in the current debates about COVID-19. In particular, media, experts, and ordinary people compare economic crisis caused by COVID-19 with global financial crisis of 2008 (Estrada & Arturo, 2020). The authorities traditionally prepare for the past, already known downturn. However, the events caused by...
Real estate investment is the commitment of finances to the property with the objective of generating income through lease or rental with an aim of capital appreciation in the long run. Real estate is basically land and any developments made to land and the sets of rights acquired with it,...
According to Gowland (2007), monetary policy refers to the process that is used by governments through central banks in regulating the amount of money supply within the economy. This is undertaken by regulating the rates of interest. Depending on the economic conditions in a country, the government can conduct an...
The concept of conscious capitalism supports fair trade and is relevant to many types of businesses. The approach hinges on the philosophy that commercial activities can elevate humanity if they are executed cautiously through socially responsible economic and political practices. According to Kotler (2016), conscious capitalism entails a relationship between...
Introduction Research has shown that countries with huge dominant state-owned corporations experience low capital growth compared to states with low state-owned corporations. This is attributed to the effective investment allocation by the privately-owned companies as compared to the state-owned corporations. The current trend in the world has seen most state-owned...
Summary As far as the topic of finance is concerned, it is first of all necessary to understand the difference between the two notions that some people usually use interchangeably. They are accounting and finance, and the exact line drawn between them facilitates the further understanding of finance as the...
Introduction The international Accounting Standards (IAS), Company Law, and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) provide that companies must prepare financial statements for financial reporting purposes at the end of every financial year. These financial statements include income statement (profit and loss account), balance sheet, and cash flow statement. The income...
Technological advancements in the field of transportation are essential to consider when discussing the subject of economics. Several researchers state that the period from 1865 to 1900 manifests a significant rise in nationwide profits in the United States, spurred by the transport system changes (Rosenberg 50). In this essay, the...
The government of every nation has certain responsibilities that it must meet to ensure that all the activities being conducted in the country are running smoothly. The various responsibilities of the government include the provision of public goods such as security, roads, health care, and education (Schanz & Schanz, 2010)....
Introduction The expected return from individual securities carries some degree of risk. Risk is defined as the standard deviation from the expected return. More dispersion or variability from a security’s return means the security is riskier than one with less dispersion. In simple terms securities carry differing degrees of expected...
The global financial crisis of 2008-2009 was triggered in the US as a result of the bursting of the US housing bubble. This was precipitated by the increased defaults of subprime mortgages where banks encouraged homeowners to take on high loans hoping that they would be able to pay them...
South African economy is the largest in Africa with a GDP of above $ 287 billion, and a 5-year average real GDP growth rate of 3.7 %. The country’s economy is driven by vast natural resources like gold. There are also very many different types of industries. In addition to...
A Dynamic Economy The 1920s was remembered as a happy and prosperous period for American society, with the rapid development of industry, notable changes in working conditions and wages, and the transition to an urban lifestyle. Specifically, to increase production efficiency, business people broadly began to utilize science achievements and...
Abstract This report compares the great depression of 1929 with the financial crisis of 2008. The basis of comparison is with respect to outset, causes, effects and nature. The report describes the general factors that are likely to cause financial crisis. It also includes the various forms of financial crises...
The opinion of the CEO is correct in my opinion. The world is segmented into various countries and countries into cities not just because of their geographic meaning but due to the differences within these locations. Each country is made up of different languages, dialects, cultures, religions, etc. Furthermore, the...
Economic activities are internationally integrated at present to an exceptional degree. Alteration in one country’s economy can be swiftly transmitted to its business partners. The rise and fall of economic activities are replicated almost instantly on fluctuations in exchange values. As a result, multinational corporations having incorporated cross-border productions and...
Introduction In today’s global business environment, the major constituents are the high level of competition worldwide, swift automation of production and another process through advancement in computer technology and production techniques, increased regulatory measures being taken by the governments in different regions with respect to environment and health issues. Moreover,...
According to Eiteman, Stonehill, & Moffett (2015), interest rates in the U.S. and in Europe are rather low and do not get higher than 1%. Such things might have happened because governments and the Central Banks of the countries had low premium rates in the period of the global financial...
Free and fair trade between countries is a crucial issue in politics and economics. Free trade includes policies that help to reduce barriers that may serve as an impediment to international commerce. Fair trade aims to support manufacturers in developing countries by providing fair and sustainable commercial relations with developed...
Component of bank funding and their importance Banks operating in Australia have a variety of sources of funds. The main components are deposits, short-term debts, and long-term debts. Over 50% of bank funding originates from retail deposits. Approximately 40% of the total funds emanate from the financial market. Banks draw...
Introduction Taxes normally decrease the amount of wage the employees take home. In most situations the taxation effects are evident, for instance payroll and income taxes are deducted from employees’ pay checks (Ziliak, 2005). Sales tax or Value Added Tax (VAT) affects the employee’s income indirectly compared with payroll and...
A Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) is a security that can be sold like stock. Concurrently, it can be invested (either directly or indirectly) in real estate through properties and mortgages. There are varying types of REITs with the major ones being Equity REITs and Mortgage REITs. There are also...
Introduction: Defining Deficit Spending In order to gain an in-depth understanding of the economic outcomes of the Great Recession and other financial catastrophes, it is crucial to grasp the concept of deficit spending. The media has been the source of public dismay concerning the massive national debt, which continues to...
There are various costs that are associated with selling a particular product and its distribution. A value-added cost increases the benefits of a certain offering to customers (Kenton, 2019). At the same time, a non-value-added cost is a production expense that does not contribute to the increase in the amount...
Ray Ball proposes several lessons about market efficiency that people can learn from the global financial crisis. Among the lessons are the limitations to the efficient market hypothesis, which, according to Ball (2009), is silent on the supply side of the information market. This argument means that the theory of...
Taking the position of supporting a balanced national budget, the policy is essential to protect future generations from huge debts. A growing federal debt can burden future generations, causing low national savings and reduced incomes (Asatryan et al., 2018). There will be high-interest payments that could make taxes rise causing...
Introduction The development of stable operations in production has a coherent relation to the formulation of policies that protect against losses. Essentially, there are various paramount strategies to prevent the loss of money owned by a company. However, this discussion assesses the property-casualty insurance where such vices as accidents to...
Introduction Briarwood Medical Equipment (BME), is facing a dilemma of raising capital for its expansion needs. Given that they need to raise an amount of $250 thousand to finance the expansion and the options available, which are raising new shares and obtaining external sources of finance. It appears that they...
Introduction Existence of financial intermediaries is a key element for smooth functioning of an economy. Financial intermediaries refer to all the financial institutions such as bank and non-bank financial institutions that are established within an economy (Richard, Burton & Norman, 2004, p.2). Financial intermediaries play a significant role in linking...
This paper seeks to logically discuss and critique the modern portfolio theory (MTP) that emerged in the 1950s as the brain child theory of Harry Markowitz who spearheaded its advocacy as being the first scientific means to quantify investment risks. What was meant by this was that if the concept...
Introduction The European Union (EU) has passed regulations that aim at governing the region’s energy sector effectively. The main aim of the legislation is to have separate producers and suppliers from the transmission networks. The unbundling regulations require energy companies to concentrate on production only, leaving out ownership of transmission...
Finance is the management of money, assets, banking, investments, liabilities, or anything to do with money. It involves the management of money and cash in various sectors of an organization using various instruments and means. Assets, liabilities, bonds, risks, loans, expenses are all measurable in terms of money. Finance is...
401k is a kind of retirement plan that contributions made to the account do not attract any tax until withdrawal. The plan is applicable to both profit making organizations and non-profit making organization. In most cases, the employer also contributes to this account on top of an employee’s contribution to...
Background and motivation Audit is a fundamental financial activity of all business organizations. Audit determines the financial position of an organization. Companies undertake audits annually. The regulatory bodies of most countries require companies to publicize their annual financial reports. The financial reports determine the investor’s investment decision. Therefore, it is...
The economy and governance of the United States are based on ultimate documentation and strategies created in the past centuries and still provide the citizens with profound guidance. One of the brightest examples of such bills is the Debate of the American System, created by Henry Clay in 1832 (United...
Trading bonds is a complex and risky job that requires knowledge of the nuances of the market and the rules of interactions in it. However, most of the patterns are available and well known to bond portfolio managers and the general public; thus, anyone can master them. This paper will...
Introduction The paper takes a financial analysis of Shire plc and AstraZeneca plc; both companies have their main operating base in the United Kingdom. Both companies are listed in the countries stock exchange. They are in the pharmaceutical industry. Brief information about the Companies Shire plc commonly referred to as...
The shelter is one of the basic requirements in everyone’s life. When undertaking some budget calculations, it is noteworthy to determine the possibilities that a person has. Nevertheless, the house that an individual can live in could be leased or owned. Before renting or buying property, someone should do some...
Introduction The theme International corporate reporting and financial accounting, is a vast area of research and study that goes a long way to elaborate corporate financial reporting and transparency. It is important to note that the need for proper transparency and suitable corporate financial reporting is highly essential. Due to...
Introduction Fairtrade®: Definition With the rise in globalization, opportunities for trade have expanded tremendously, allowing for cooperation between organizations on a global level, and reinforcing international partnerships. As a result, the necessity to create homogenous standards for interacting in the global economic environment has emerged. Thus, the platform for building...
In the last 25 years, consumer bankruptcy filings have increased from 225,000 to 1.5 million forcing many experts to examine what could be the reason behind this worrying trend. Interestingly, the experts have concluded that the attitude of the society towards those who file for bankruptcy is to blame (Zywicki,...
Societies have long been searching for the most efficient relationship between the state and the market, which is reflected in different models of political economy. Nevertheless, it is important to understand that the world evolves rapidly, and some features, even the core ones, of the concepts of political economy may...
Introduction Spain is in South West of Europe. It has an area of 504,750 square kilometer. It had estimated population of 40,341,000 as of 2005.Its capital is the largest city namely Madrid. Some important cities in Spain are Valladolid, Burgos, Salamanca, Toledo and Badajoz. Great regional diversity is being displayed...
Taking advantage of loopholes in financial regulations by UK companies A certain degree of flexibility and management judgment on business leaders is allowed by Generally Accepted Accounting Principle (Gee 2006). This is to enable the companies to have some leeway or choose their own methods of accounting, financial estimates and...
Importance of timing differences in accounting and businesses In business, it is important to make an accurate tax return so as to avoid the costs associated with penalties that arise from filing wrong returns. An accountant needs to note down the differences in the timing of the amount of income...
Introduction One of the most important issues studied by macroeconomics is the decision-making process and motivation, where economic incentives play an essential role. In business, policy-making, and different kinds of economic relations, incentives are believed to define people’s behavior and induce a particular reaction. Since incentives serve as the trigger...
Business leaders apply evidence-based strategies to identify effective processes and initiatives that can transform less profitable operations. The concept of organizational development (OD) guides managers to improve business practices and eventually maximize overall performance. This discussion defines and describes OD as a critical concept for strengthening a company’s culture, processes,...
The Initial Problem Introduction: The problem that is money laundering, corruption and terrorism Money laundering, corruption and terrorism are rife in East and Southern Africa. This unfortunate phenomenon is largely attributed to the abject poverty that at times seems to be endemic in this region of the world. The aforementioned...
Discretionary fiscal policy is a tool used by governments to regulate the economy via increasing or lowering the taxes and spending. Increased government spending and tax cuts are the tools used in expansionary fiscal policy. It is used to ensure faster economic growth, higher demand, and better employment opportunities. Contractionary...
A moral hazard is simply defined as a risk that a financial institution or a party to a contract enters into a contract not in good faith. A party to a transaction can decide to provide false information regarding its assets, liabilities or financial status in order to earn a...
Michael Lewis’ book, The Big Short: inside the Doomsday Machine mainly deals with a group of individuals who tried to analyze the sub-prime mortgage and came to discover many underhand deals in the financial system. The shenanigans in the Wall Street came to understand that their schemes would bring about...
Financial statements act as a channel of revealing financial information about a business to individuals within and outside the business. They give a summary of the accounting process whereby the financial position of a business is made known at a time. The major reason for preparation of financial statements is...
Introduction Multinational corporations (MNC) are perceived to entail business enterprises that have their operations in several different countries. These enterprises are headquartered in their parent or home countries and run their operations in several other countries. MNCs are hailed for their immense contribution towards economic globalization. The distinctive character of...
Introduction Auditor is an independent examiner of financial expressions in an enterprise. Auditing, therefore, involves careful examination of a firm’s financial records to ascertain their accuracy. An auditor carefully studies the enterprise’s financial reports and summarizes their findings for the persons who have requested the audit. These are persons such...
The diamond-water paradox can be explained in terms of definitions of the term “value.” One should be able to distinguish two aspects of the concept, which are value-in-use and value-in-exchange (Eggert et al., 2018). The former definition focuses on the utility and use of the object, which makes water highly...
Financial institutions play a pivotal role in shaping the economy of every nation. Nevertheless, their decisions may dip an economy into economic difficulties or turmoil. The activities of financial institutions may also contribute towards improving the performance of an economy. Over the past decade, financial institutions have played a significant...
Introduction Financial goals refer to the aspirations in the life of an investor that needs to be achieved when the person invests his money. By setting financial goals, chances of regretting are minimized and it ensures that the desired goal of investment is realized. These goals vary from one investor...
Introduction Taxation is one of the most important activities under fiscal operations in every economy. It is the main source of government revenue. Therefore, effective taxation processes play a pivotal role in determining the ability of an economy to meet the needs of its citizens. Thus, taxation can be viewed...
Introduction Integration in a given firm and/or industry refers to the process of organizing production based on organizational unification as well as technology of different production processes. The management of any given firm should employ a method of integration which offers the specific company technological efficiency. A firm is said...
Corporate organisations are social entities or systems where people of different ethnicities, socioeconomic backgrounds, cultures, and calibres merge to form an organisational structure. According to Boddy (2011), modern organisations exist in a hierarchical arrangement where leaders and subordinates interact and share views. Socialists have argued that almost all organisations are...
The United Arab Emirates can be listed among the states with the most successful economies. The effective development finds reflection in UAE citizens’ relatively high quality of life and happiness levels. It is possible to explain the state’s successful economic development as the combination of effective economic diversification strategies, including...
Globalization continues to change the way countries interact coinciding with a dramatic change in the structure of wages in advanced countries. This implies that a company from Australia seeking to have its production in the United States will have to put with high wages for highly skilled workers. As for...
Introduction Currently, Hong Kong primarily derives its tax revenue from the Salaries Tax and the Profits Tax, this makes up approximately two-thirds of the total revenue from tax collection in Hong Kong (Arnold & McIntyre, 2002). The existing tax base of Hong Kong is extremely contracted, only 35 percent of...
Introduction Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) refers to financial security that can be traded and principally invested in the real estate ventures. The investment can be direct or indirect in regard to properties and mortgages. REITs differ, for example, there are equity REITs and Mortgage REITs. Additionally, there are conventional...
Introduction Financial reporting in the corporate world is both a necessity and requirement. According to Woefel, financial reporting is done in the form of financial statements that in some cases are referred to as monetary statements (1994, p 48 ). Financial statements help investors to determine the health of a...
Introduction Hong Kong is a vibrant city that is renowned for its attractive low and competitive tax system, sound government finance and reliable provision of public service. In the wake of globalization, Hong Kong has proposed certain tax reforms that will expand its tax base to sustain a prosperous economy...
Capitalism has been instrumental in ensuring adequate and reliable access to basic needs. Developed capitalist nations such as the United States (U.S.), United Kingdom (U.K.), European Union (E.U.), and Hong Kong benefit from economic growth (Thier, 2018). The capitalist strength of these economic regions is measured by providing public services...
Introduction The Islamic banking system has experienced exponential growth across the world. The system has transcended from its existence as a niche to a widespread financial system (Chong & Liu 2009). As the Islamic banks increase, change in the operations dynamism has been witnessed, which has ushered in competition. The...
Introduction A REIT is a form of security that is traded in the same way as a direct investment and stocks in the stock market—undertaken through properties or mortgages. On the other hand, a trust is an organization that pools together a number of investments relating to REIT. Similar to...
Trading currency has always been considered a risky business. However, the reasons for these rumors are mostly invalid. While trading currency does involve a specific element of unpredictability, it still follows common economic laws, and its processes can be traced easily. Moreover, the possible revenues can be calculated with considerable...
The “occupy street movement” in the United States of America is against the increasing appetite and insatiability of corporate American citizens and its banks. The nation’s democracy is in the hands of as little as 400 American billionaires who have taken this chance to humiliate the rest of the American...
Michael Porter’s Theory of the National Competitive Advantage of Industries MichaelMichael Eugene Porter has written over 20 books and other works that had a significant influence on the world of economics. In the 1980s, he published his article Competitive Advantage, which shortly revolutionized the field. However, his fundamental work, The...
Introduction Low taxes and low government spending makes Hong Kong to be ranked among the most successful tax systems in the world. Hong Kong’s tax system withholds Goods and services Tax, pay as you earn not used and focuses on big income sources. This has seen it gain a lot...
Abstract This paper analyzes the effects of finance as it relates to banking in the Cayman Islands. Finance as a field of economics has grown to be an integral part of any country’s economy. As such most of businesses revolve around finance. All industries in a given economy have an...
The 1920s are believed to be a time of unbelievable economic boom in American history. During this decade, the economy of mass production thrived, as well as mass consumption. In his speech accepting the Republican presidential nomination, Harding promised a “return to normalcy” by the renewal of the practice of...
Introduction An economic model is a statistical model that enables the quantification of casual relationships identified in a given scenario. Using this model, one identifies the most important factors that influence the actions taken and analyzes the behaviour of pertinent economic variables. Economic models are explanatory in nature, and they...
In life, people need to make a number of investments to secure their future. In some cases, they have to forego immediate gratification of needs and ‘wants’ to pay the price for a better future. For example, one may forego marriage to focus on investments meant to establish them financially....
The rate at which the use of computers in Africa is growing so fast. There is an increase in the need for computers plus their accessories in countries like Kenya. Educational institutions, the public, and the private sectors are all undergoing computerization. There dire need for computers to enhance efficiency...
CIF contracts are one of the most popular trade agreements between a buyer and a seller in the sphere of international trade when sea carriage is used. CIF is a shortened form for cost, insurance, and freight. As a rule, the cost of goods depends on freight and insurance. As...
Introduction The United States of America uses the United States dollar as its official currency. This is usually abbreviated as USD, $ and US$. These are normally used to make it distinct from other countries which abbreviate their currencies using the dollar symbol. In addition, the USD is divided into...
One of the most important geopolitical issues in world politics is the trade war between the USA and China. Its development affects almost every other country due to the sizes and influences of the two biggest economies in the world. Thus, the project will be dedicated to analyzing this phenomenon,...
Summary The following paper provides a thorough study and report on the current business situation that was heavily influenced by the coronavirus pandemic in 2020. First of all, the researcher presents an issue while talking about it became extremely difficult for small businesses to grow further due to many restrictions...
Introduction The numbers of risks that private homes face is immense hence making it appropriate for many with private homes to insure their property. The type of insurance that covers private homes is normally referred to as a homeowner’s insurance or property insurance (Gron, 1994). Home insurance is very popular...
