2046 samples of this type
Introduction Incarceration has a significant impact on a person, but what about his or her children? The key subject of the assessment is the mental health of children with incarcerated parents. The importance and substantiality of parental influence on children cannot be overstated. Not only an incarcerated parent is absent...
Parenting is a holistic process that determines the future of children. Numerous activities are involved in the process of bringing up a child. Activities such as interaction, cooperation, motivation, care and creating an enabling environment are critical determinants of a child’s future (Caplan et al., 2019). It is imperative that...
The early years of children’s lives are associated with intense brain development and acquisition of new skills, with perception maturity being one of the essential tasks. Although infants’ study is related to certain theoretical, practical, and methodological difficulties, there is a significant body of knowledge that attempts to explain which...
Introduction The article by Doran et al. studies the subject of student loans in psychology education. Student loan debts are identified as a major issue that has long-term negative impacts on the citizens and the economy of the country in general. The paper uses a consensual qualitative research methodology to...
Self-regulation is a personal skill that refers to an individual’s ability to assess and manage his reactions to feelings, strong emotions, such as excitement, frustration, embarrassment, or anger, and environmental factors for behavior control. System-1 refers to quick, reactive, instinctive, and holistic thinking that relies on salient memories and situational...
Introduction Video games are one of the most modern ways of storytelling and a channel for media communication. Given this fact, several discourses on young people’s harms and benefits from immersion in these virtual spaces exist. Moreover, some studies cite factors such as uncontrolled aggression, loss of interest in life,...
Purpose of The Research The aim of the study was to explore early metacognition through two developmental measures – declarative and procedural. Another goal of the study was to explore associations between executive function and motivation. Research Methods Used Metacognition was estimated using a metacognitive knowledge interview and a metacognitive...
Group therapy is an evidence-based psychotherapy method that helps solve many problems, including relationship issues and personal difficulties. People come to the group to cope with grief, trauma, chemical addiction, anxiety, and depression. One of the most well-known and influential types of group therapy is the cognitive-behavioral therapy group. Compared...
The issues of understanding the structure of society, its drivers, and attempts to predict its behavior occupy many researchers. To explain complex phenomena, scientists propose theories based on their observations and research. This paper studies and compares two papers discussing different theories and ideas. Devine (2015) considers the concept of...
While it is assumed that people strive to be healthy, some tend to be reluctant to receive practitioners’ advice on treatment. In their article, Beutler et al. (2002) discuss people who express resistant behavior and describe its conceptual issues, measurement, and effects on treatment outcomes. The report by Beutler et...
Stefan is a 33-year-old man experiencing a difficult period: his own business does not improve, he has little time to relax, receives no support from his wife, and struggles to find a connection with his toddler son. He deals with this pressure by having at least one beer daily and...
Introduction Confirmation bias is a common behavioral tendency, which pertains to every person on some level. In its most basic form, it is the habit of overlooking contradictory evidence in favor of the facts that support one’s existing viewpoint (CrashCourse, 2014). It transpires unconsciously and requires high emotional awareness or...
Introduction Incarceration significantly impacts a person, but their children suffer even more due to the emotional vulnerability of their age. The critical subject of the assessment is the mental health of children with incarcerated parents. The importance and substantiality of parental influence on children cannot be overstated. Not only an...
Did you know that the sensations received through the sensory organs must be processed and analyzed, and the cranial nerves are responsible for these processes? The structures are unique because they connect organs and muscle fibers to the cortical layer, bypassing the spinal cord. For them, there are even special...
Introduction The book titled ‘On Killing: The psychological cost of learning to kill in war and society.’ by Dave Crossman explores the psychology of the killing art in society. The genre of the book is that it offers an illuminating account of how military personnel learn to kill and how...
Insecure attachment styles develop in childhood due to dysfunctional relationships between caregivers and children. Secure attachment develops when a child receives proper attention from parents, causing the formation of a healthy personality type that is not afraid of rejection or intimacy (Fuchshuber et al., 2019). Infants with a secure attachment...
Introduction Compared to other approaches to therapy, solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) is centered on an individual’s current and future situations and objectives instead of previous experiences. Since the therapy is goal-oriented, the target is not the issues or symptoms bringing the person to the therapy but rather the potential outcome(s)....
School refusal is a common psychological problem that causes a lot of stress for a child. At the same time, the entire environment, including family, friends and school staff, is under a certain pressure. Reduced attendance and refusal to return to school can cause both short and long-term effects on...
The task set in the script for the experiment is to establish the attitude of students toward the survey they have completed. It is required to choose a design that goes beyond the survey and comparison of the control and experimental groups. By comparing various innovative methods of psychological investigation,...
Introduction This paper aims to analyze a case study involving Francesca, a 50-year-old woman who presented to counseling upon the request of her employer, who believes that her frequent absences from work are concerned with alcohol or substance use. The client reveals that she has been taking Mersyndol Forte for...
Children learn by discovering and exploring their daily surroundings. Toys foster development in children by creating a natural teaching environment that promotes cognitive, motor, social, and emotional skills. Different toys are designed to help various age groups; therefore, identifying the right one is essential. This paper will explore Pattern Play...
Model Description The approach to the family as a system is reflected in the name of this therapy. The study of the structure of entities and relationships in the system always takes place under the auspices of integrity. Each person in the family is a critical part of the overall...
Abstract Stress at work is a significant problem and a prerequisite for worsening personal well-being and working performance. The responsibilities of correctional officers monitoring offenders involve substantial stress, and the consequences include a deterioration in mental and physical health to a decrease in life expectancy. The researchers’ attention to the...
Modern society is increasingly paying attention to different people, remarkably other population groups. Now more and more classes are starting to be not just ordinary, but those that accept people with various disabilities or social statuses. This kind of change has an excellent effect on society because the active involvement...
Neuroplasticity refers to the brain’s ability to modify its structure in response to experience. Neuroplasticity is primarily sourced from the brain’s ability to develop new connections between neurons. The process is also known as the sprouting of human brain cells. The nature of neurons, which can die and be replaced,...
Literature Overview Various studies indicate that sibling violence manifests in different types: for example, games or regular dialogue. This leads to consequences for children in socialization and later life (Perkins et al., 2017). Children’s self-esteem and mental health suffer, and crime rates increase. The family violence problem is covered enough,...
Family Members and Their Roles Felipe Reyes and Emily Reyes are a married couple with two children, Sam and Cass. Sam is the eldest at 15 years, and Cass is 12 years old. Emily is a divorcee and had Sam and Cass with her first husband, Ken Wolter. Felipe and...
Background Researchers theorize that human behavior is changing as the world evolves. These changes in behavior have been notable, with short differences in age (Brett, 2019; Ravignani et al., 2017). Further, the world is expected to evolve fast to reach its millennial targets. However, there are concerns about how evolution...
Unfortunately, a mental model like Occam’s razor has stopped working for me lately. According to this approach, one should choose the simplest available option as it is often the right one (Senge, 2006). Bates agrees that the simplest explanation is often the best option (2019). Occam’s razor, for many people,...
In history, rites of passage, rituals, or social practices that signified the transition from adolescence to adulthood, marked this transition exceptionally clearly. Unfortunately, many of these initiation rites are no longer practiced or are not as significant in modern-day and age as they previously were. Additionally, adolescents must navigate emerging...
Self-respect, a source of confidence and mental strength, can be described as a person’s ability, which often originates from internal reasons, to accept their needs and value. To be able to respect themselves, humans need to appreciate their unique personality traits and the impact they have on the community and...
Individuation is a necessary process in psychological development and involves a human being taking steps to achieve a form of individuality. The person deems themselves a separate entity with a varying identity from others and starts consciously existing as an independent human in the world (Galipeau, 2013). Nonetheless, some people...
The field of psychology has an extensive selection of approaches to therapy, many of which have shown positive results. One of the most highly-recognized approaches to therapy is the narrative one, the main feature of which is the separation between the person and their problems (Afary & Fritz, 2020). Narrative...
Innes, J. M. & Morrison, B. W. (2021). Machines can do most of a psychologist’s job. The industry must prepare for disruption. The Conversation. Innes and Morrison examine that machines can perform most of the work of psychologists and the industry should prepare for disruption. Psychology, social work, and counseling...
The rupture of the alliance between the attending psychiatrist and the patient in psychiatry is a complex of different problems that gradually appear between people. There are many factors for this phenomenon, and this is a reasonably typical case among practicing psychiatrists (Safran & Kraus, 2014). Moreover, common treating alienists...
Introduction Sigmund Freud was a psychologist born on 6 May 1856 in Moravia in the Czech Republic. Freud died on 23 September 1939 in London, the United Kingdom (Hollitscher, 2017). When Freud died, he was 83 and was a renowned Austrian neurologist and one of the pioneer founders of psychoanalysis....
Naturally, critical thinking is one of the essential elements of people’s lives, as it is part of interpersonal communication. Critical thinking is the concentration and discipline of the mind, attention, and the ability to manage one’s cognitive processes (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, n.d.). In professional and everyday life, critical thinking...
Introduction Alcohol addiction impacts the human perception of the world and one of the most significant social units – a family institute. Oftentimes, parents cannot assess the effect of the addiction on their relatives and children. They tend to believe that their relationships with alcohol and relationships with family members...
Research and analysis of current scientific research and previous practice experience show that several strategies for stress control and management require fundamental changes. The data evaluation results demonstrate that worry, anxiety, tension, and significantly prolonged stress can lead to extremely adverse consequences for a company (Van den Bergh, 2021). In...
The psychoanalytic and Adlerian theories are valuable components of psychoanalytical methods. Unlike the psychoanalytic model, the Adlerian value meaning, actions with a certain goal, and significant existence. Therefore, the latter theory studies adult or childhood behavior in cases of full conscience (Corey, 2017). On the other hand, psychoanalytic focus on...
Introduction The pursuit of happiness can be considered a natural aspect of human life because any effort applied both at work and in social interactions is inherently linked to the aspiration for well-being and personal comfort. From a psychological perspective, people subconsciously want to fulfill their individual ambitions and satisfy...
Introduction The field of psychology, based on the use of flexible theories and practical frameworks for assessing behavioral, cultural, intellectual, and other functions, has long studied the question of relevant impacts on different skills. The ongoing debate regarding the opposition of genetics and environment as the factors that determine the...
Driven to Distraction: Dual-task Studies of Simulated Driving and Conversing on a Cellular Telephone The article explored dual-task studies concerning driving and conversing using a cellular telephone. Specifically, the research question was to determine “The extent to which cell-phone conversations might interfere with the driving and, if they do interfere...
Introduction Psychological examinations cover various aspects of a character and are helpful for specialists whose employment requires immediate interactions with people. I have selected tests from the Personality category for Assignment 1 and discussed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–Adolescent–Restructured Form (MMPI-A-RF), the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R), and the Million Clinical...
The article focuses on clinical supervision for MHC students, including recommendations for the supervisors and students. For example, it is advised that MHC students rate themselves based on their progress (Pearson, 2004). This type of reflection is conceptually useful due to the content revision it comprises and because it allows...
Introduction When working as a counselor with clients who have suffered traumatic episodes, it is essential to provide integrative care that is based on evidence and best practice. The process of working with traumatized populations involves an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon, an accurate selection of approaches, and the mitigation...
The human brain has the power to keep and erase memories, modify or supplement them, and block some memories for a certain time. However, people did not learn to use this power fully, and they did not know how to control their memories. Research shows that humans remember negative traumatic...
Nowadays, when the number of pressing social problems is on the rise, it is essential to conduct research into how these problems can be solved, through what means, and based on what organizations. Family Life Education Institute is one of the fundamental organizations in the USA that helps families to...
Many controversial studies and experiments were conducted in the twentieth century, but the most striking and well-known for the general public was the Milgram obedience experiment. An American psychologist wondered how far an ordinary person is willing to go, obeying someone else’s will. The idea came to Stanley as a...
Abstract The work presents a critical and subjective analysis of abnormality from the point of view of psychiatry and the disputes, questions, practices, approaches and perspectives associated with this phenomenon. A: abnormal behavior For me, abnormal behavior deviated from the general moral and social norms accepted in the interacting community....
Adhering to the code of ethics is essential to any counselor’s or psychologist’s practice. It allows clients and professionals to build trusting relationships that are professional and based on mutual respect of boundaries. Privacy and confidentiality are the key principles of an ethical code of conduct. Several organizations have developed...
The International Council for Commercial Arbitration (2020) and other sources, for example, those by Goodwin (2020) and Turner (2019), highlight the fact that women remain underrepresented in arbitration and mediation all over the world. Gender diversity and the intersection of gender and mediation or arbitration are critical topics to discuss...
Maslow’s Hierarchy According to Maslow, human needs can be classified by levels from more basic to higher. In his work Motivation and Personality (1954), Maslow suggested that all human needs are innate and organized in a hierarchical system of priority and dominance, consisting of five levels. Level concepts include physiological...
Introduction The existence of news breeds misinformation, whether intentional or accidental. The strengthening of information technology leads to the expansion and eradication of the data flows around the individual, which he needs to process. However, it is impossible to consider the phenomenon of disinformation as an exclusively negative one. It...
Power has been recognized as a significant variable in the study of sex and sexual behavior. These behaviors include social, relational, and individual variables. Power is considered a substantial variable in aspects of social relationships and romantic relationships. Women tend to have a more negative attitude towards premarital sex, unlike...
In this psychobiography, the intimate details of Viola Davis’s life from childhood to the present day are woven together to create a woman’s powerful story. Her determination and drive allowed her to overcome many obstacles on her journey to becoming one of the most celebrated actresses in Hollywood today. Viola...
Opinions are a vital part of the human experience and people’s understanding of the world. At their core, opinions are how people understand the world, themselves and others, as it is colored by their lens of emotional and logical perception. By holding a series of opinions, individuals form their worldviews...
Introduction to Perception Perception is “experiences resulting from stimulation of the senses” (Goldstein, 2019) Humans evolved with detailed visual perception Third of the human brain devoted to it Perception = physical energy from outside world ? electrochemical message ? stimulating receptor cells ? received by the brain Perception may be...
Family counseling can be described as a process by which professionals can help navigate patients in their healing and understanding of their feelings. In this regard, my role as a family counselor is to identify the issues and find the emotional triggers and reactions to specific actions of others. For...
Introduction Trauma and anxiety symptoms in young adults are highly researched topics in the field of mental health. A wide variety of potential treatments exist, including programs focused on medication, exercise, group conversations, and more. Mindfulness and meditation are among these interventions, as they have been shown to reduce stress...
Introduction Tests are an important part of professions that work with people and can be divided into considerable categories, but the one related to my specialization is personality. While I pursue many goals in my career, I am determined to help people and believe that I should learn the particulars...
Similarities of Piaget and Vygotsky’s Theories Both cognitive development theories of Piaget and Vygotsky believe that learning is a continuous process, starting from birth until the death of a person. Hence, learning based on both models should be from people’s daily experiences and events in life, work, and classroom throughout...
It is important to note that cognitive development is a critical aspect of human development. It can be defined as a process of change in a person’s mental abilities and skills as he or she becomes more experienced and mature. In other words, thinking skills advance and enhance, making a...
Introduction As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the economy suffered a great deal. This exacerbated the existing global food insecurity and housing crisis. In the beginning, people lost their jobs, accompanied by financial hardship (Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, 2021). Due to unmet needs, more households had very...
Attachment can be termed as a toddler’s perception of confidence resulting from a deep interaction with a caretaker. With attachments acting as the basis for future interactions, it is key to establish important self-concepts for toddlers by laying a foundation in which they are confident. Whenever a caregiver ensures uniform...
Today, organized interaction between the client and the consultant is significant, aimed at resolving problems and making positive changes in the activities of an individual specialist or organization as a whole. It is possible to identify the leading provisions related to the essence of the counseling process: counseling helps the...
Introduction Numerous complex connections between the emotional and intellectual levels of consciousness exist. Frequently, people are sure that emotions arise from external circumstances and affect mental imagery. However, recent studies have confirmed that mental imagery and beliefs strongly influence emotions and motivation for behavior (Kawahara, 2021). According to Kosslyn et...
There is a significant difference between a systems approach to counseling and an intrapsychic theory that defines the fundamental foundations of therapy. First of all, within the systemic or family approach framework, several people partake in the sessions at once (Madison, 2022). On the other hand, only one person participates...
Scholars have been debating for many centuries which of the two factors, namely genetic inheritance, and the environmental surroundings, affect a person’s development, behavior, and character more. Some scientists have argued that ‘nature’ determines most of the individual physical features and mental abilities; others assert that most human traits are...
A person’s personality is a vast and intriguing field for research. For its study, many theories have been developed throughout history, through the prism of which new sides and aspects of man are revealed. It is worth noting that a remarkable influence on the development of people’s personality is played...
Introduction The selected and presented issue in the case is narcissism, which tends to be portrayed in all classes of people, including political leaders and entrepreneurs. However, the chosen client cohort for the study is the organizational chief executive officers (CEOs). According to the statistical reports, narcissism refers to an...
Adolescence represents a developmental transition to maturity characterized by swift changes in the body and brain. At this stage, teenagers strive to understand their self-identities and learn to make independent decisions. Consequently, the rapid changes experienced by adolescents can be challenging or stressful. This increased awareness of the implications and...
Introduction Stage, when individuals shift from childhood dependency to adult independence, is known as emerging adulthood (Wood et al., 2018). The stage begins with finishing mandatory schooling and presents an individual with new freedoms and opportunities, notably postsecondary education, employment, and romantic relationships. Emerging adulthood is manifested in “the onset...
E. Erikson analyzes identity not just as a personal structure formed or not formed under the influence of internal or external factors. It is worth noting that they influence the development of a person and largely determine the form and content of his social interactions throughout their life (Maree, 2021)....
Introduction The study included assessing the basic things that a person does for their health or self-development. Behavioral patterns that I am most likely to follow have been assessed. Despite the different chances of performing one or another action, I noticed that they are all consistent. This intervention was carried...
Cognition and intelligence are two related terms related to human and animal mental processes. According to the dictionary, cognition is a “form of awareness, such as perceiving, conceiving, remembering, reasoning, judging, imagining, and problem-solving” (APA, 2015, p. 201). Intelligence is defined as the “ability to derive information, learn from experience,...
Introduction This paper is focused on the subject of early childhood, particularly, the first 12 to 36 months as it is an extremely important period in terms of a kid’s initial development. At his age children stop relying exclusively on their inborn reflexes and start building upon coordination, problem-solving skills,...
M. is an appropriately developed girl with specific skills and interests that should be discussed. First of all, she has good locomotor skills as she can interact with multiple objects, care for herself, and perform daily activities without any assistance. It can be seen from her behavior and how she...
The analysis revealed that there was a statistically significant positive correlation between conscientiousness and narcissism. Thus, the hypothesis that there was a positive relationship between conscientiousness and narcissism was accepted. In other words, the more narcissistic the participants were, the more they wished to do their work diligently and thoroughly....
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a psychological condition that affects individuals who have undergone traumatic experiences. Children and adults can experience psychological trauma through violence, sexual assault, natural disaster, or war. The effects of PTSD can be manifested through psychological and behavioral changes, mood and sleep changes. Some of the...
We live in the 21st century, in the age of high technologies and regular scientific discoveries. Scientific progress affects all areas of human life. A person studies the whole world around him and, most importantly-himself. We are looking for the hidden capabilities of our bodies and the potential that we...
Nigerian people represent a significant immigrant group in the United States. However, limited research exists to investigate what psychosocial factors they experience, and the given paper is going to comment on them. On the one hand, these immigrants tend to face both positive and negative psychological factors. Ekwemator and Ezeobele...
The question of nature versus nurture has existed for many centuries, and scientists still cannot provide a definitive answer to it. In my view, both factors bear equal importance and significantly contribute to the process of a person’s development. Numerous studies show that some individual characteristics are to a considerable...
A genogram is a tool in psychology that shares common features with a family tree and provides a visual representation of a person’s family ties (Tobias, 2017, p.92). According to the genogram of the psychologist, you can analyze the history of relationships in the family, patterns of hereditary relationships. Usually,...
Human beings undergo various developmental stages in their life span. In each stage of growth, various developmental concepts show how and why human beings change throughout their life. The first stage of development begins at the moment of conception. During this period, the sperm merges with the egg, after which...
The purpose of this blog is to analyze potential challenges for evaluation and provide personal action plans that might be taken to address evaluation in the field education experience. Evaluation challenges might stem from the client’s unique needs or abilities and insufficient resources to assist in the change process. As...
The Role of the COTA in Physical & Developmental Disabilities Certified Occupational Therapy Assistant (COTA) is a certified position that provides people with an opportunity to assist Occupational Therapists directly in the setting through communication with OT patients and their guidance. Thus, when it comes to working with adolescent patients...
Researchers view well-being as the state of general satisfaction of a particular person or a group of people. Currently, there are two main directions in the study of the psychological well-being of a person: eudaimonic and hedonic. Supporters of the eudaimonic school of thought are convinced that the term well-being...
The notion of the development of various behavioral patterns within a family unit is extremely correlated with the process of its interaction both inside and outside the microsystem. Hence, when speaking of the behavior displayed in a given psychological setting, such types as antisocial and prosocial behavior may be outlined....
Human habits, in many ways, make up and determine people’s lives. They help to reduce the amount of mental activity because these automatic actions do not require a constant thinking process. That said, there are numerous beneficial habits, such as washing your face or making a bed. Thus, they positively...
Basics of Cognitive-Behavioral perspective There are many psychological perspectives that can be used to understand human behavior and the ways in which people come to interact with each other. Society functions in accordance with a variety of rules, traditions, and regulations that are formed during its development. Any individual’s actions...
When one thinks of social influence, the usual type of example that readily comes to one’s mind is a direct attempt at persuasion, which is when one person deliberately tries to change another person’s behavior or attitude. However, to social psychologists, social influence has a broader meaning. For them, social...
Introduction Childhood mental and developmental disorders include a range of emotional, neurodevelopmental, and behavioral disorders that have an extensive influence on social and psychological well-being. They represent an emerging and persistent challenge to health care systems around the world. Children with such disorders need significant support from their families or...
Background The article under review investigates the concept of grasp actions. Bub et al. (2018) state that they are directed by an individual’s stored manipulation knowledge, which retains how one typically uses objects, and vary depending on the objective to either lift or use an object. It is assumed that...
Beliefs, and belief systems, are a significant factor in the transmission of information. According to Shannon & Weaver (1948), the process of communication in any form involves encoding a message into a signal, transmitting, and then decoding it to receive the original message. This principle applies to computer systems as...
Interpersonal Relationships Human interactions and their circumstances, connections, and context to them create interpersonal relationships together. The bonds people share are intricate and are classified into types, stages, theories, and more. Interpersonal relationships fall into the following categories: friendship, romantic relationship, family relationship, and professional relationship. The stages of a...
Introduction Interpreting infants’ behavior is a challenging task since the nature of maternal-child relationships is complex. A child is typically completely dependent on its parent (usually the mother), and it is the parent’s responsibility to ensure a safe transition from complete reliance to partial dependence. Winnicott created a theory that...
In my life, the Biblical knowledge that I possess at the moment has come from various sources, including previous experiences. In my episodic memory, there are very illustrative cases of deviations from values promoted in the Bible. As a primary school student, I learned from my best friend that she...
Long-term memory can provide access to multiple opportunities for learning if understood and applied properly. With current research and universally accepted information on how memory encoding and retrieval work, it is possible to design pathways to acquire new Christianity-related knowledge easily. This paper presents a plan for the development of...
There are six major questions that can be addressed in developmental psychology. One of the most interesting themes is the role of nature in the development of child psychology. The reason is that I was always excited about how some people are so good at some things. The main question...
Personal introspect as the source of more nuanced knowledge of oneself is crucial for several reasons. Knowing one’s strengths allows one to become a better person and find happiness through personal growth, as well as improvement of relationships with others. Moreover, by discovering individual strengths, one can make impressive accomplishments...
Introduction Different approaches to the study of human behavior, often conflicting but convincing, have made it difficult for a student to arrive at a definite understanding of the subject. Some researches show that instinct or nature decides the behavioral pattern, but there are other views stating that human mind comes...
During my past fieldwork experience, I dealt with a 60-year-old man of African American origin. He suffered from depression after his wife’s death, which made him feel lonely and isolated, and the client’s daughter was concerned about his mental health. Firstly, it is possible to ask an exceptional question to...
One of the most basic human qualities is the desire to unite in groups. History demonstrates that throughout the ages, people have tried to join various communities and interest groups. This has included joining groups of hunters to maximize prey, joining mythical communities to search for the meaning of life,...
The issue of self-esteem is critical in clinical psychology and understanding the wider processes in the field of psychology. There are two types of approaches to self-esteem – cognitive and constructivist, which consider self-esteem as a product of sociocultural influences. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), as well as the theories...
Abuse in relationships has significantly increased in different societies over time, resulting in injuries and deaths. Michaels (2016) explains that an individual makes seven attempts before they finally leave abusive partners. Quitting a batterer is dangerous, strenuous, and difficult because it has significant challenges associated with it. The barriers faced...
In the context of present-day developments, domestic abuse appears to be a pressing concern. According to Alshammari et al. (2018), “intimate partner violence (IPV) or domestic violence and abuse refer to the victimization of an individual by an intimate companion” (para. 9). However, domestic abuse may also regard not only...
Coined by B. F. Skinner, the concept of a verbal operant incorporates the principal communication skills developed by children to achieve specific goals at the early stages of their cognitive and behavioral development. As a rule, a child uses verbal operants to reach a very specific, concrete goal, such as...
Cognitive behavior theory (CBT) is based on the idea that an individual is able to alter their behavior by interfering with their thought patterns. Perception-altering techniques are widely used in therapy, however, “CBT refers to the inclusion of thoughts and beliefs in the determination of clients’ problems and their alleviation”...
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental condition that arises after a person is exposed to extremely distressing circumstances. In addition to military combat, other events that can cause PTSD among adults and children are sexual assault, domestic abuse, and traffic accidents. The symptoms of PTSD are several and they...
Therapy and counseling have now become valuable tools in terms of handling one’s issues and maintaining overall mental health to live a fulfilling life. However, while some people prefer to handle these issues on their own by vising individual therapy, others feel that marriage and family therapy would be more...
Intermittent reinforcement is a schedule that instructors use to strengthen a newly acquired behavior. The four Intermittent Reinforcement Schedule (IRS) are fixed ratio, variable ratio, fixed interval, and variable interval schedule (Parenting for the brain, 2021). Fixed Interval Schedule (FIS) offers a prize after a set period has elapsed. The...
Losing close people is always a psychologically painful experience. Bereavement and funerals allow people to find solace in the fact of death. However, the pandemic imposes certain restrictions, which compromise the ability to mourn the loss. The global tendency to move away from wakes for fear of the virus precipitates...
Introduction The three main components of memory are sensory, short-term, and long-term memory. In this essay, I shall concentrate on how the information travels in the three components and on how the brain process this information. I will as well discuss the prototype theory of categorization analyze some of the...
The fact that human beings belong to the same species is undoubted. Moreover, understanding race, racism, and discrimination are equally important, since the whole matter of race and racism revolves around the human ethnic background. The context of this issue has continued to be a matter of discussion, taking into...
Introduction While undertaking their daily activities, humans underscore available opportunities, personal capacities, and innate trajectory toward psychological well-being and personal growth. Different theories give varying outlooks of traditional humanistic psychology. They advance and refine these perspectives by emphasizing the self as the central causal object in people’s functioning. In light...
The PLOP examines a 4th grader Sarah, who has a clinical diagnosis of bipolar disorder and ADHD. Based on her areas of need, Sarah lacks concentration and focus on a particular topic during the instruction. She also needs to improve her social skills to alleviate the expressions of anger and...
This research takes a qualitative interpretative phenomenology approach to study the barriers that African-American women face when obtaining higher education. Scholars have concluded that the challenges that the target group faces are vast; however, there is not enough attention given to the problem in the social studies field. Phenomenology was...
Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development is an outstanding modification of Sigmund Freud’s core ideas into a more structured and organized format of assessing one’s development-related inadequacies. It is important to note that the main concepts revolve around eight critical stages of development, which are integrity vs. despair, generativity vs. stagnation,...
The idea is a virtue is challenging to define, where some approached it as an absolute good and others viewed it solely as a utility. This is a case in regards to past thinkers Aristotle and Machiavelli, who had divergent perspectives on virtue. Aristotle’s views on the subject revolve around...
The Gourleys narrate their struggles with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, which has profoundly affected their quality of life. The condition develops after exposure to traumatic events that overwhelm, frighten, or threaten life. The veteran militants are sent for horrible missions and sometimes get exposed to active combats. The experiences have significant...
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are potentially traumatic events that occur in childhood. Many kids have experienced neglect, abuse, and violence, or witnessed disputes in society and at home. Children exposed to maltreatment and other ACEs are at increased risk for various negative adult health outcomes, including substance abuse and depression...
Introduction Stress and related psychological problems seem to be critical factor that drives adolescents to self-destructive behaviors. This issue often becomes the reason for poor performance in educational institutions and causes affective disorders later in life (Church, De Asis, & Brooks, 2012). The emotional freedom technique (EFT) is reported to...
Introduction As a relatively hidden pattern of abuse, family violence can take a variety of shapes and forms, including physical, mental, and sexual assault. As the victims and perpetrators are generally known to each other, an interpersonal attack’s psychological impact is more significant. Children are particularly vulnerable, as they often...
Early learning is an important component of one’s future well-being, which should be emphasized by both parents and educators. From this perspective, the ability to communicate with other people efficiently is vital for personality formation in the long run. Therefore, highlighting this aspect of one’s progress in life is especially...
The study of a parent-child relationship is a sophisticated endeavor focused on the peculiarities of a socioemotional environment of the upbringing process, as it may have a significant influence on the outcomes of the child’s interaction with both society and caregivers. Hence, when speaking of the following issue, it is...
Vygotskian Development Theory regarded social interactions as pivotal in cognitive development. Cognitive abilities are considered to be socially constructed, which means that skills like learning, attention, and memory should be developed through culture-specific tools (Karpov, 2014). Vygotsky believed that adults play a mediatorial role in child development from birth to...
Introduction This paper will provide an in-depth study of depression, including main characteristics, theoretical approaches, public policy connected to it, the ways of treatment, and the effects of the disorder on the individual’s mental and social life. Defining characteristics and symptoms of depression Depression, particularly its most often appearing type...
Summary of Each Article In the article “The Nature and Organization of Individual Differences in Executive Functions: Four General Conclusions” the authors, Miyake and Friedman (2012) sought to summarize the available research, at the time, on executive functions (EFs). The authors conducted the research to investigate the inherent differences in...
The most common high-risk behaviors among teenagers are smoking, alcohol and substance abuse, and computer addiction (National Research Council, 2011). Teenagers usually begin smoking in school, under peer pressure and influence, or simply out of curiosity. Alcohol abuse has similar roots, though usually appears in high school, closer to legal...
Women in their middle years are at a crossroads in their developmental histories and psychological dispensations not only due to lack of an image that represents their position in the society, but also as a result of their own vulnerability to a whole range of unique stressors associated with the...
The following essay gives an overview of Demi Lovato’s recovery story from her mental issues, which involved substance addiction, depression, bulimia, and bipolar disorder. Her treatment was a life-long journey at different qualified rehabilitation centers, which had a personalized approach to their patients. Analyzing her history of relapses, it would...
Erik Erikson was one of the most influential psychologists of the 20th century. Creating his famous developmental theory, he argued that throughout their lifespan, people go through eight stages, with each of them being associated with a specific crisis. The successful resolution of the crises allows a person to live...
The chapter presents the data about the behavioral methods that can be utilized for managing the symptoms associated with anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OSD), and post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD) (Wright, Basco, & Thase, 2017). The authors address commonly used approaches, such as exposure, cognitive restructuring, and reciprocal inhibition. The major...
Knowing what I didn’t know about myself before taking the course? Taking this course made me aware that there were several life aspects that I was missing on. One such important aspect is failure to understand the role of emotions in the day to day life as well as the...
Introduction The research study outlines the basic hostage negotiation strategies, which are employed the critical situations with an aim of inflicting certain psychological effects. Specifically, the work employs the method of literature analysis and discusses the practical implications of the strategic negotiation. As a result, the patient- and system-related concerns,...
Introduction: The major symptoms of a mental disorder I would like to provide you with some necessary information, which is related to one of the most dangerous mental disorders. I want you to become familiar with the so-called major depressive disorder. Some years ago, I experienced depression, so, I want...
Abstract This paper highlights the symptoms of cyclothymia and the challenges it imposes in health centers. Cyclothymia is prevalent, impairing bipolar spectrum disorder included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders formed in 1982. Whereas Sub-threshold bipolar is a cyclothymia-related disorder common in young individuals. The relation of...
Introduction Psychotherapy has an interesting history of evolution beginning from the days when it was part of biology. Phenomenology, a term first expressed by Edmund Husserl in Germany in the mid-1980s, has been defined as “Stumpf’s introspective method that examined experience as it occurred and did not try to reduce...
A crisis is an incident that causes an emotional distress that is very difficult to handle. Examples of crises include misunderstanding in relationships, passing on of loved ones, and unplanned pregnancy. A crisis has diverse characteristics, and among them includes existence of danger and opportunity, portrayal of complexity, and anxiety....
Bereavement This is the most primary state of a feeling when a close person is lost. This can either be a family member or a friend, a person who was loved and respected, and there was a personal connection. It is the state when a person who is feeling the...
Irene Major is a 51 year old woman. She has given birth to two children, a boy at age 25 and a girl at age 28. Irene breast-fed the two children for one year each and has had no family history of breast cancer. She has witnessed incidences of palpable...
Introduction Conflicts are integral parts of our lives, and knowing how to resolve them is one of the essential skills to learn. While contemporary books provide many insights into how conflicts emerge and how to address them, literature classics can often provide invaluable information on the topic. For instance, Shakespeare’s...
Introduction Many world leaders acknowledge that terrorism is a threat to respective national security. Perhaps that is the reason why countering it remains one of the biggest challenge. First, it has not been an easy task to establish the causes, motivation and determinants of people masterminding acts of terrorism. In...
The three prominent psychologists contributed greatly to the understanding of personality development. Each of them created a unique theory that seeks to cover the whole lifespan of a person and explain how certain occurrences and factors may affect a person. Despite different emphases, it is vivid that the approaches have...
It is understandable if one is frustrated and impatient with his or her child’s development. One can behave in ways that are difficult for an adult to understand. However, such odd behaviors are a necessary part of a child’s development. At 4 years of age, the child is in the...
Introduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a type of intellectual development disorder (IDD) characterized by three main signs, i.e. impaired communication and social interaction, repetitive stereotypical behavior, and a restricted interest in early childhood acts. Genetics has a key role in the etiology of autism. Environmental factors are also interacting...
Introduction So far, there are several main theoretical perspectives that dominate in the field of psychology and that are being studied by scholars. In various ways, they all explain human behavior in particular conditions and situations, although this same behavior may be interpreted differently in these theories. The assignment aims...
Despite the intentions to create favorable environments for citizens, it is not always possible for people to avoid trauma. In addition to physical damage, emotional problems and mental health risks are increased, provoking new challenges in humanitarian work. Healthcare providers, psychologists, and humanitarian volunteers face various distressing events and cooperate...
Abstract The study will explore the impacts of Group Dynamics on the productivity of an organization. A survey will be used as the method of study where random sampling will be used as the technique for data collection. The sample size will be 100 out of which half will be...
