1262 samples of this type
Introduction The digestive process is complex and multifaceted in its essence and structure, consisting of several stages and steps of processing biologically significant elements. Moreover, in this procedure, it is by no means possible to do without enzymes that convert complex substances into simple ones. In fact, with the help...
In biotechnology, vectors are used as tools to transfer genes of interest into a living cell in order to force cells to produce uncharacteristic recombinant proteins. Thus, vector engineering is an up-and-coming technique that solves essential economic, applied, and scientific issues. Traditionally, circular bacterial DNA molecules called plasmids are used...
Social interaction and language usage are significant themes in sociolinguistics, a field that examines the interplay between the two. The specialization focuses on the impact of language on a community’s social stratification. To better understand how people communicate in a given circumstance, sociolinguists try to identify the specific language traits...
Introduction Human beings are complex and unpredictable creatures with dual nature. They combine a biological essence, which is the result of evolution, and social identity, the development of society. However, it is significant to state that humans are composed of the same proteins and nucleic acids as animals, and several...
Research A research article I found said that genetic specificities of sex chromosomes impact the likelihood and severity of developing diseases, such as hypertension, cardiac ischemia, obesity, aneurism, or atherosclerosis (Arnold et al., 2017). It is important to add that not only sex chromosomes determine biological sex of a person,...
Sequencing became one of the revolutionary tools in molecular biology and biomedicine that allowed a better understanding of the genomes of various organisms. The first method that became foundational for the next-generation sequencing systems was Sanger’s dideoxy synthesis, developed in 1977 (Slatko et al., 2018). It is a complex process...
Expression systems, among which the recombinant vector pET, are widely used in biotechnology to introduce foreign genes into prokaryotes or simple eukaryotes. This technique makes it possible to eventually obtain recombinant proteins from those organisms that should not produce these proteins in the natural environment. For example, one of the...
Introduction The current paper explores the neurobiology of ecstasy (MDMA) abuse and conducts an analysis of academic articles related to the topic. The theme of the study is relevant to the field of biological psychology because it concerns a widely used substance which significantly affects the well-being of people. Therefore,...
Introduction Physical health in cats has been a very commonly reviewed topic. But it also sparks discussions regarding feline mental health. Since mental health research in pets focuses typically on dogs, it is essential to review the existing studies related to cats. Moreover, the almost insignificant amount of data about...
U.S. Farm Bill Agriculture in the United States has grown progressively centralized during the previous three decades. Since 2015, the bulk of the foodstuffs has come from farms with yearly revenues exceeding one million dollars (Lehrer, 2020). Generally, federal policy has aided with consolidation and the homogeneity and unfairness that...
Two tests were carried out in the lab task. The first task was to detect E. Coli using anti-salmonella H antigen-antibody and anti-Shigella antibodies. This is a negative control because the control sample is the one that does not contain E. Coli. According to Tippe-Schindler et al. (2019), negative controls...
DNA technology entails the sequencing, evaluation and cut-and-paste of DNA. Previously, DNA technology has involved an imagination that living organisms could get desirable characteristics by controlling the expression of specific genes in their DNA. However, in recent times, technology has been integrated into the production of valuable products, such as...
Introduction It is important to note that modern civilization is held primarily by the large networks of infrastructure regularly maintained and improved by humans. A sudden disappearance of humanity will mark the downfall of all human-made structures and objects, starting with the most perishable elements to the most enduring ones,...
Everyone agrees that students must know the history of their community, however, there is no such consensus on them knowing about their local community’s resources. Meanwhile, community resources help meet the needs of an area’s residents and can be used to enhance a community’s quality of life. By engaging in...
The central dogma of molecular biology postulates the formation of polypeptides and proteins from DNA by two processes called transcription and translation. The biological meaning of these processes, united by the name of protein biosynthesis, is the creation of protein structures in the body. These proteins are used from different...
The lymphatic system of the human body is a complex mechanism that is based on the interaction of many different cells. One of the main elements of the lymphatic system is interstitial fluid, which is also called a tissue fluid, a solution surrounding the cells of all multicellular animals, including...
Introduction DNA laboratory testing is an integral part of genetic analysis. A thorough, reliable, and correct study of the genome allows not only the identification of its qualitative composition but also the identification of potential abnormalities. It should be pointed out that DNA is genomic material inherent in many living...
Animals are alive creatures that can feel pain, startling, freezing, and other spontaneous emotions. In general, it is assumed that animals are driven by their inborn instincts. For instance, when the sheep sees the lion, it runs away to avoid being eaten by the predator. In this case, the instinct...
It’s worth noting that the majority of bacteria own a cell layer, which normally contains one of two varieties, such as gram-positive or gram-negative. The cell layer of gram-positive microorganisms is made up of numerous coatings of peptidoglycan, which creates a hard and robust layer. Teichoic acids and phosphate are...
Clotuche is a respected archeologist who currently works for Inrap, the largest organization dedicated to archaeological research in France. He has been publishing studies on Gallo-Roman civilizations in scholarly journals for over twenty years. This particular article was featured in Britannia, a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Cambridge University Press...
The evolutionary development of life on Earth is not random but rather is based on deep causal relationships and patterns. The study of these connections helps to understand the essence of evolutionary development better and to trace the chronology of metamorphosis that occurs with life. In addition, understanding the drivers...
Cocoa bean hulls are the byproducts of the processing of nibs to chocolate. The hulls are left to form fertilizers in the plantations during cocoa processing. However, there are concerns that the leaching nutrients from decomposing hulls contribute to pollution and eutrophication (Siow, Chan, Wong, & Ng, 2022). Consequently, utilizing...
The discussion presented by Jolois related to FOXO3, a longevity gene discovered in the brains of people living longer than 100 years. This development of gene science is thrilling and inspiring for the medical and layperson community for many reasons. First, humankind has been dreaming of eternal life for many...
Fear is the basic emotion of humans and animals that allows them to respond to threats. Öhman and Mineka (2003) provide evidence that the fear of snakes is predominantly uncontrollable and originated in early mammals. These findings also explain the origin of the fear module, as well as the formation...
Inputs, also known as factors of production, are important elements used to produce such outputs as goods and services. For instance, the City of Canaveral, Florida, uses resources to generate profit through generating goods and services. Therefore, according to Mikesell (2018), a firm’s purchases that are required for service delivery...
The US and Canada are two of the world’s largest countries, requiring increased energy consumption and utilization as industrialized nations. Moreover, they necessitate industries to be completely reliant on a large volume of energy to operate within the countries and deliver products and services to other regions. The United States...
The process of understanding human behavior can be complicated because people react and respond differently based on the situations and the overall surrounding. Children make the case even more confusing since they have the potential to interpret the conditions effectively in a way their parents might fail to comprehend. In...
Adephaga are a suborder of beetles and the second-largest suborder of the Coleoptera order, with around 45,000 recorded species. The members of these species are chiefly predators in various terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and some of them, such as ground beetles (Carabidae), serve as agricultural pests’ prominent natural enemies. According...
Introduction A supportive advance toward getting what social changes would lessen the weight that aging accomplices put on society is the improvement of gerontology. Essentially, a theory is an endeavor to clarify why peculiarities happen. Aging theories empower what is known and clarify the how and the why behind the...
Introduction Animal companions are important and dear to the owners and thus, deserve much care. Individuals have for a long time adopted pets as part of their lives to the extent they treat them like family members. This has allowed many resources to be invested in the animals’ medicine, care,...
It is difficult to disagree with the suggested quotation because, in my understanding, it turns out to be absolutely correct. In order to justify my agreement with this opinion, it is necessary first of all to understand what exactly flowering plants, or, as they are often called, Angiospermae, are. Angiospermae...
General Information The linking transitional link between primitive horses and their present-day forms is the extinct Mesohippus. This species inhabited the modern United States during the Oligocene period. They were adapted to live in wide-open spaces and were extremely fast, though they lacked hooves. Their diet was herbivorous, eating tall...
Introduction The experiment conducted for my lab report consists of two tests: iodine and emulsifiers. The objective of the experiment was to identify the difference between organic and inorganic chemicals. Both positive and negative reactions to the iodine test are included in the analysis as well. Furthermore, the experiment will...
Introduction The question of uniformity of matter has been explored through various perspectives in the philosophical dimension. A naturalist position may be a good option on which an emphasis can be made within the scope of the issue. Joseph Krutch, being a significant representative of naturalists, advocated the necessity to...
Sustainable agriculture a system which combines animal and plant production in a given area. Sustainable agriculture is essential in that it ensures the earth can be reused and renewed by future generations. It focuses on using natural water, soil, and pest management instead of synthetic chemicals and petroleum-based fertilizers (Raliya...
Introduction Many countries across the world have relied on natural resources for their economic development. Different nations have varied endowments, which has often determined their economic growth and development. The industrial revolution has been a critical age because it led to massive exploitation of natural resources, which fueled growth and...
Introduction In microbiology, there are a tremendous number of microorganisms that are important to human life. Many are naturally parasitic forms and cause harm, but symbionts are essential to study. When a microorganism lives inside the human body and consumes its resources, offering practical support in return, clinicians must know...
Hawksbill is a sea turtle scientifically known as Eretmochelys imbricate. Hawksbills are named after their narrow, pointed beak resembling that of a hawk, and they use it to find food from cracks and crevices (Miller & Meindl, 2019). They have a unique pattern of overlapping scales on their shells which...
Introduction In the recent article “New study provides the first evidence of non-random mutations in DNA,” Harry Baker (2022) discusses the findings of Grey Monroe et al. regarding non-random DNA mutations. The scholars discovered that the thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) plant’s essential genetic information is more protected than other, less...
The essence of this study lies in the peculiarities of the occurrence of rib injuries in cats. Based on the data in this article, two main factors of rib fracture manifestation are demonstrated, which are associated with traumatic and non-traumatic causes. According to the study, the appearance of rib fractures...
Organic farming allows maintaining a balance within the ecosystem while producing crops. It is a practice of managing the farming process by integrating site-specific practices and using ecological approaches, as defined by Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (n.d.). For instance, an organic farming practice includes recycling resources and integrating and...
Sex differences in risk-taking turn out to be a common theme in many current studies. Barel et al. (2017) aim to prove the hypothesis that testosterone and cortisol have a different impact on risk-taking in men and women, and this change is related to the effectiveness of estrogen and progesterone....
Purpose The purpose of the lab is to learn how to measure maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) by a treadmill running test of participants. It also intended to demonstrate how to organize the test and provide its results via tables and graphs. Methods These two healthy male participants of the study,...
Unfortunately, today the peculiarities of the life of blue macaws are already from the category of history. There is not much information about the lifestyle of these birds since serious observations began only in the 70s of the last century, and the groups that were observed were few. Therefore, the...
Introduction It is safe to say that people have found a use for all the chemical elements of the periodic table. Synthetic elements are also used in various fields of industry and science. The modern world requires future specialists to know the basics and nuances of multiple materials. That is...
Puerto Rico, formally known as the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, is a Caribbean Island with a population of 3,142,779 people as of July 2021 (Central Intelligence Agency, n.d.). Puerto Rico has a rich culture that includes Spanish, American, and Afro-Caribbean influences (Greiner, 2018). Tropical rainforests cover part of the island’s...
It is important to note that Schlapp’s piece is heavily impacted by the worldview and paradigmatic assumptions rooted in the reversion theory, although he presents the explanation on the basis of glandular or chemical cause. The observed data by Schlapp is still based on him accepting the notion of polyphyletic...
Movement Due to the ligaments that hold bones together, the bones work as levers driven by muscles. Moreover, the shape of the skeletal system facilitates movement; for example, the small bones of the hands warrant precise action, and the small bones of feet help people adapt to any terrain. Protection...
Introduction Understanding the nature of emotions as the factors that serve not only to represent a response to a specific stimulus but also as the means of gauging an individual’s psychological well-being is central to modern psychology. Remarkably, despite being an intuitively understandable concept, the phenomenon of emotion does not...
The United States Virgin Islands is a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea. The capital of the U.S. Virgin Islands is Charlotte, situated on St. Thomas island. The given area consists mainly of such islands as Saint Croix, Saint John, and Saint Thomas and is not more than 300...
It is impossible to learn about a country’s history and culture without understanding how it is governed. Having a basic understanding of the governance systems of two major English-speaking countries, the United Kingdom and the United States of America, is crucial. With the help of a comparison of their structure...
Knowledge of history is key to the survival of civilization. It is important to understand how people lived before and what mistakes they made that led to entire nations fading from existence. The Mayan civilization is an excellent example of a nation collapsing, and the mystery of its failure continues...
Functional asymmetry of the brain’s cerebral hemispheres is currently considered one of the main factors determining the individual characteristics of human cognitive activity. It is widely believed that the left and right hemispheres are different, control certain aspects of cognitive functions and determine certain personality traits. However, the division of...
Introduction Genome epidemiology is a relatively young but promising sphere of scientific knowledge that appeals to genetics to anticipate and cease the spread of infectious diseases. One of the innovative methods it applies to study outbreaks is whole-genome sequencing. As apparent from the name, it enables depicting of the entire...
The majority of the Thai population belongs to the Thai group (75-80%), and more than 90% rofess Buddhism. About two-thirds of the Thai group are Thais, and a third are Lao. In the Isan region, the percentage of Lao is much higher; in many areas, they constitute most of the...
The major development relevant to the selected news story is the super-power ability of colibactin and how it contributes to the destruction of other cells. The scientist who contributed to the current topic research was Emily Balskus, who discovered that in the presence of some gut bacteria, there exist some...
In the modern age, the internet and computers have become a common practice, especially in the business sector. Most people rely on these technologies for work, entertainment, homework, communication, or medical advice. Health studies have pointed out significant consequences like addictions with increased dependence on digital advancements. The brain changes...
Summary Auxin hormone is one of the plant hormones, among other hormones, which include cytokinins, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, and ethylene. Unlike the other hormones, some of the roles of Auxin to plants include helping in the interlinkage of many behavior and processes of growth of the plants in their...
Introduction The present essay will seek to discuss the themes of sexuality and gender within the framework of modern society, as well as their relationship with structures of power, as the topic has high prominence in the anthropological discussion. For this discussion, sexuality refers to the expression and the variety...
As population of the world is rapidly growing, the issue of hunger is as relevant as ever. Although technology provides unique opportunities for most individuals, each ninth person in the world experiences hunger or lack of clear water. These facts concern scientists who want to optimize agriculture that to be...
At the end of the fifteenth century, Christopher Columbus managed to convince the royal family of Spain to equip an expedition in search of a sea route to India. The expedition was quite modest, so the trophies brought did not differ in abundance and variety. Nevertheless, cocoa beans, hammock, turkey,...
People with mental illnesses have persistent patterns of strong, inflexible cognition and respond to stimuli in unusual ways. Furthermore, certain psychological problems share characteristics with others, and individuals may simultaneously have two or more mental conditions. An individual with a personality disorder may also have another psychological illness, such as...
Introduction Chapter 2 of the book under review, whose authors are Mike Brklacich and Maureen Woodrow, provides a detailed explanation of how agriculture is adapting to the recent changes in the environment. Specifically, the authors regard the case study of the farmers from Eastern Ontario, Canada, who are adjusting their...
Chapter 9 of Rynkiewich’s Soul, Self, and Society reflects on caste, class, and ethnicity. What are caste, class, and ethnicity? Caste is the system of arranging society into groups according to their ranks. At the same time, the class can be referred to as an outstanding category. Ethnicity can be...
Sustainable agriculture is an integrative approach to livestock, fruits, and vegetable farming that makes use of soil science, agronomy, ecology, and microbiology concepts to yield foodstuffs that are better for the environment. These environment-friendly techniques limit the use of agrochemicals while encouraging the use of traditional practices that mimic the...
The psychological well-being of captive animals is essential from a moral point of view and because of the animal’s physical condition. It is well established that animals can be stressed being captivated, and their state depends on the conditions in which they are kept. Enrichment is one of the most...
Cocoa is promoted as an essential healthy ingredient for everyone regardless of their condition and diet. Chocolate is one of the most favored snacks globally purchased in gigantic amounts, taking a significant part in the Foodservice industry. However, the sustainability of the production is questionable since cocoa farming harms the...
Purpose: The primary purpose of the given experiment is to observe how specific the effects of increasing enzyme concentration, pH, and temperature are when utilizing potato juice and hydrogen peroxide. Procedure The list of ingredients with their corresponding amounts can be observed in Table 1 below. It is important to...
Study Background The study conducted by Fryxell and Doucet (1993) included beavers and their diet preferences when adjusted to the environment. The researchers explored the relationship between beavers’ functional response and diet choices in order to see how the beaver diet would change under the influence of the local environment....
In the article Interrogating racism: Toward antiracist anthropology (2005), the author Leith Mullings discusses the issue of racism in anthropological studies. In the introductory part of the research, Mullings explains the historical connection between anthropology, racism, and antiracist movements. She states that anthropology has a contradicting history when it comes...
Exposure to various microbial agents is one of the serious threats experienced by today’s communities. Under such circumstances, a person may develop a range of physical conditions, from minor inconveniences to severe ones. In this regard, it is vital to research the microbial-environmental interactions in order to remain prepared for...
General Information The only surviving species of the Koala family of marsupials is the Koala, which is not a bear, contrary to popular belief. The closest phylogenetic relatives of koalas are kangaroos and wombats. Koalas’ bodies are wrapped in a layer of short, gray, or less frequently brown fur, apparently...
The examination of archeological objects is interesting as it allows learning about early cultures and the interests of people who lived thousands of years ago. The Bull Headed Lyre was founded in the King’s Grave at the Ur Royal Cemetery, and its parts (the head, bread, strings, and panel) reveal...
Homo sapiens and craft are of the same age; it is based on conscious use of the exterior materials scientists can determine the level of development in a particular historical period. The craft began with stone, having existed in various ways of finding and splitting pieces of rock for about...
Introduction The shipping industry has existed for centuries, and it is still used for intercontinental transportation. The Arctic contains rich oil and gas reserves, which are actively being developed (Vanhatalo et al., 2021). Furthermore, there is an increased interest in Arctic tourism, resulting in more ships in this place (Vanhatalo...
Introduction The methodology of the present experiment is built on the use of quantitative methods of analysis to study an artificial ecosystem. A brief overview of the entire experiment is that critical changes were consistently measured as a function of time for an aquarium prepared at week 9 with a...
Spindle fibers are known for forming a protein structure responsible for splitting genetic materials in a cell. In the nuclear division, fibers are also required in chromosome division from a parental cell into multiple daughter cells. During the mitosis division, the spindle fibers are called mitotic and meiotic in the...
Responding to the dual store model of memory, the model of human memory has three main components; sensory registers, working memory, also known as short term memory, and long-term memory (LTM). The model shows that information enters the sensory registers even when the person is not mentally active and stays...
Sexual behavior is characterized as a complex mental, social and physiological process. A particularly strong influence on the formation of this aspect is exerted not only by the immediate environment but also by environmental factors. Sexual perception varies depending on age, gender and personality traits. Studies also define such behavior...
The sense of smell in humans, and in primates in general, is relatively poorly developed. Nevertheless, it’s role should not be underestimated. It is extremely important for a person, since one of the functions of the sense of smell is to prevent dangers that are invisible to other senses (sight...
This paper discusses the concept of convergent evolution and related structures. Convergent evolution describes the emergence of analogous or similar traits in different species but cannot be attributed to the presence of a common origin; that is, the analogy does not entail homology. There may be a phenotypic likeness; in...
Introduction Zinc is a chemical element, a micronutrient vital to life, and is one of the most widely used metals. Zinc is of considerable commercial and health-related significance. It is an essential and irreplaceable trace element in the human body, which helps cure and prevent some diseases. However, the issue...
Beta-sitosterol is a substance found in plants and is normally called plant sterol ester while, Gamma Oryzonal is found in fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds. It is often used for lowering cholesterol level and improving symptoms of an enlarged prostate. Whereas gamma Oryzanol is a compound extracted from rice bran...
The olfactory system contains four major components that form the olfactory path. The first component, the olfactory receptor, also called the smell receptor, consists of millions of cluster receptor cells called the olfactory epithelium situated at the back of the nasal cavity. The olfactory sensory neurons provide a connection of...
A neuron is at rest when not sending signals. The resting membrane potential of a neuron is approximately -70millivolt. This indicates that the inside of the neuron is approximately 70millivolt less than the outside. When the neuron is at rest, there is more sodium outside the neuron and more ions...
For monitoring waterfowl within particular wetland areas identified on the attached map, twenty-four sites will be chosen. Sites’ accessibility and evenly distribution around the wetland, along with the opportunity to view waterfowl across a large area, have determined their selection. In addition, the choice of these sites is explained by...
The respiratory system is a set of organs that provide external respiration in the body and several critical non-respiratory functions. Systema respiratorium serves to deliver inhaled air through the lungs oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide. In addition to the lungs, namely: the nasal cavity and pharynx, then...
Since the advent of intelligence tests in the early 20th century, the relationship between race and intellect has been the subject of debate in both popular science and research literature. However, such tests demonstrate the disparities in average IQ scores between self-identified people of different races or nations. There is...
Although the formula of H2O is relatively simple, this compound is still not fully understood. A large number of types and uses of water greatly expands the range of possible investigations. Water has a number of unique and animating properties, one of which is its high heat capacity. It is...
Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift Within the framework of modern geodynamics, it is proved scientifically and empirically that the surface of the Earth is divided into several plates. The Earth’s exterior looks like a mosaic embracing eight large and six small plates completely covering it. The boundaries of the lithospheric...
One area where genetic technology using DNA works for the benefit of society is medicine. The rapid development of these technologies creates many opportunities for understanding the human body and the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The information available through genomic medicine can change many lives, influence different decisions of...
The human species originated from humanlike creatures of the hominids group that has a scientific name of Homo-sapiens. Scientific evidence suggests that first primitive Homo-sapiens appeared around 300,000 years ago. The further evolution and migration process of Homo-sapiens started approximately between 70,000 to 100,000 years ago. This essay will answer...
Breathing is one of the essential processes of the body that sustains life along with the cardiovascular and neural activities. More specifically, it is responsible for the intake and absorption of the oxygen, which, in turn, is supplied into the rest of the organs through blood. When it comes to...
Food allergy is quite a significant problem for the healthcare system of the US. More than ten percent of the country’s population is susceptible to food allergies of different kinds (Zhao et al., 2019). There are several reasons for allergic reactions’ emerging, and gut dysbiosis is one of them. The...
Salmonella was discovered in the XIX century and was named after an American veterinarian Daniel Elmer Salmon who discovered it. Salmonella is divided into six subspecies, and salmonella enterica is one of them. Salmonella enterica is a bacterium of the genus Salmonella. As a rule, it is contained in raw...
To complete this kinship diagram project, I prefer to use a nonunilineal descent system, also known as bilateral descent. In anthropology, understanding kindship is a crucial aspect, with the help of which individuals are able to identify and describe their family relationships. There are three functions of any kinship system:...
Gammon, D. E., & Tovsky, A. C. (2021). A cross-sectional field study of fall song in Northern Mockingbirds Mimus polyglottos. Journal of Ornithology, 162(2), 461-468. There are several reasons why the current article can be considered a reliable source for my project. First of all, the Journal of Ornithology is...
Introduction Anthropology as a study of evolution gives a broad understanding of the human experience and the different aspects that explain the lives of other human groups who lived thousands of years ago. Anthropology studies the diet, health, bones, and genetics of humans and, in some cases comparing humans with...
The circulatory system pumps blood via a network of arteries every time the heartbeats. These muscular, fluid tubes are responsible for transporting blood to the whole body. The superior vena cava and inferior blood veins transport oxygen-depleted blood from the left ventricle to the right atrium. Just the open tricuspid...
Japan is a parliamentary constitutional monarchy that protects its economic interests through positive relationships with other countries. Since Japan has low corruption rates, it offers opportunities for successful foreign direct investment (FDI) without considerable financial risk. The country is characterized as a collectivistic high-power distance society emphasizing group interests and...
Blood and its transportation in the human body are vital for human life, health, and well-being. It provides the cells of the body with oxygen, necessary nutrients, hormones, removes carbon dioxide from cells, and delivers waste to the liver and kidneys. Blood also plays a crucial function in regulating body...
Summary The exploration of the universe with all its complex elements is the fundamental driver of the progress and development of humanity. This process is possible through the presence of various scientific disciplines that aim to cover the multi-faceted phenomena of nature. Biochemistry represents the nexus between the two fundamental...
In the news story, the connection between the human sense of smell and avoidance behavior is discussed. The authors claim that previously the human reaction to unpleasant odors was believed to be a conscious cognitive response. However, the researchers at Karolinska Institute created a method allowing to measure the impulses...
Every day, the individual is confronted with a tremendous amount of visual noise, which has no informative value whatsoever, but it overwhelms the perception of visual channels. Consequently, even without focusing on specific details, individuals can become overworked just because of the excess noise and interference around them. To avoid...
The primary goal of the article analyzed was to define the patterns of inactivation of the infectious proteins knows as “prions” of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) from cattle, mice, hamsters, and humans. The hypothesis outlined by the researchers was the assumption that the inactivation of the aforementioned prions had to...
Introduction The aim of this essay is to compare the two countries in terms of the political structure and structure of social life. Two African countries, Botswana and Djibouti, were selected for consideration. Despite the difference in economic development and political structure, many aspects of the life of these countries...
Describe Metabolism, Catabolism, and Anabolism and Explain Their Role in the Body The broad definition of metabolism suggests that the subject matter includes the entirety of the processes within a body required to sustain life in an organism. Being extremely complex, metabolism involves multiple stages, one of which is represented...
The genome of human beings is organized into twenty-three chromosome pairs, of which only one pair is responsible for sex determination, with each parent contributing to one chromosome out of the two. The X and Y are the two sex chromosomes that will determine the sex of an embryo (Szalay,...
Sakurajima is a volcano that is in southern Kyushu in Japan. It is one of the most active volcanoes on the planet and also one of the volcanoes that have constant activity. The place where it is located has been very active during the past few centuries and is called...
From the perspective of histological descriptions, the human esophagus is divided into three sections, each of which is unique in terms of muscle type. To remember the histological “floor plan” of the esophagus, the organ’s function, including the details of how the organ carries food through the thoracic cavity, must...
The article by Li et al. presents a study that reveals many aspects of in-depth research processes behind innovative technologies. The focus of the study is a type of enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction residue (REAE) called okara – a pulp made of soybeans after they are processed (Li et al., 2020)....
Testes and ovaries – both testes and ovaries are called gonads, which are the primary reproductive organs. They produce gametes, where the testes in male and ovaries in female produce sperms and ova respectively. Rete testis and rete ovarii – these reproductive organs are homologues where the rete ovarii is...
Biofuel refers to any fuel obtained from biomass, for instance, algae material, and animal or plant waste, including natural gas, oil, and coal. On the other hand, fossil fuels are formed naturally from decomposing plants and animals (Carneiro et al., 2017). An excellent example is corn which is converted to...
Mendel’s law of segregation claims that the two alleles for each trait of a diploid organism split in the process of gamete formation and that during the formation of new zygotes, the alleles will randomly combine with other alleles. Genotype is the totality of all the genes of an organism,...
The grey squirrel is a mammal that is native to the United States and some provinces of Canada. Due to its grey fur, the squirrel frequently occurs in city environments since the color increases the species’ survival rate in urban conditions. As a consequence, these animals and their behavior are...
The Central Dogma The central dogma is a principle describing the transfer of molecular information in the Nucleus of the DNA. It gives detailed instructions on the processes involved in the conversion of DNA information into a final functional product, the protein. The central dogma was proposed by Francis Crick...
Genetic research has expanded the bandwidth of opportunities for addressing an array of issues associated with managing the threats of genetic mutations and their negative outcomes. However, with the rise in genetic research, the discovery and further use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have occurred (Seralini 2). Though GMOs have...
General Information The humpback whale is a typical representative of cetaceans, which despite their underwater life, are also mammals. In evolutionary terms, whales are ancient mammals that returned to life underwater, which means their bodies were adapted to high pressure. Humpback whales are thought to inhabit all of Earth’s oceans...
In the first stage of research, the test material – contents of the intestines – is diluted with saline in proportion of 1 to 10, so that the solutions in dilution range from 10-1 to 10-8 are prepared. From each dilution, inoculations of different mediums are made, such as Endo...
When a person ages, their skin becomes less smooth and firm, body parts begin to ache, muscles lose their strength, and other issues like forgetfulness or inability to do daily activities with ease may appear. Overall, since it is impossible for all living creatures to avoid aging, people’s purpose is...
The Commonwealth of Australia consists of the Australian continent and several islands, including the island of Tasmania. The capital of Australia is Canberra, and the biggest city is Sydney. Australia is a federal democratic monarchy headed by the prime minister, Scott Morrison. Nominally, the Commonwealth of Australia was reigned by...
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that have a linear or branched structure, containing only simple bonds. They include only single bonds between C-C atoms in a molecule, i.e., containing the maximum amount of hydrogen (Ackerman et al., 2018). All alkanes are substances that are similar in physical and chemical properties and...
Introduction Witless Bay Seabird Ecological Reserve is a seabird habitat located in the coastal waters of Newfoundland and Labrador. The reserve contains four seabird colonies located on Green Island, Gull Island, Pee Pee Island, and Great Island. The four islands make the reserve for thousands of seabird species, such as...
The spread of poverty also has a negative impact on the environment. As the situation of citizens improves, they have a greater impact on nature, as they begin to consume more material goods. That is why the main goal of sustainable development is the introduction of renewable resources. Eradicating poverty...
The sphere of biology is constantly developing as researchers and scientists around the world make new discoveries and create new technological solutions which benefit the entire humanity. One of the most notable breakthroughs of the past decades was the creation of genetic fingerprinting, which enabled biotechnology to make considerable progress....
General Information Seymouria is an extinct animal of the genus Reptiliomorpha, which inhabited the United States and Germany about 280 million years ago: thus, Seymouria was among the first four-legged animals to live on land. As is clear, the animal’s existence occurred during the dry Permian period, so adaptation to...
To begin with, the skin is the largest organ of the human body that plays a very important role in protecting our species from any external danger. It simultaneously keeps the internal space safe and highly secure without any movement obstructions. Furthermore, skin can be described by multiple significant functions...
General Information A member of the marsupial family is the red kangaroo, also endemic to Australia. The red kangaroo is one of the most prominent members of the kangaroo family. This animal lives in the savannah areas of Australia, and therefore it can do without fluids for a long time....
Nowadays, the significant progress of health and medicine science leads to the disclosure of the new “chapter” of humans’ knowledge about themselves. However, some advancements are so unbelievable that scientists do not know how to interpret the information and implement it into future studies. In this case, the authors of...
Human eating is both a driven and a biological need, and it is consequently affected by a variety of mental, commercial, and ecological factors. Comprehending the biological base of feeding behavior is essential for determining how extra-biological stimuli are converted into nutrients intake. From childhood to adolescence, human-eating behaviors change...
Most people in society believe that a mother must behave in a specific way around their newborns. However, some current research discredits such a belief, citing that it is biologically unsupported and only socially and historically grown. Historically, society believes that women have instinctive longing to have children and can...
Executive functions are a complex term used as an umbrella for various hypothesized cognitive processes such as planning, memory, attention, inhibition, and self-monitoring performed by the prefrontal lobe. Abstract reasoning is an executive function that helps the human body reach a logical conclusion without physical data, concrete phenomena, or specific...
Summary of Part Four The Church openly states its commitment to the protection of the sanctity of human life and therefore advocates against the use of any type of contraceptives. Essentially, the defense of the Church extends to the unborn, as well as to women during and after pregnancy. The...
There are many theories on how human development through different stages of life affects an individual’s life and mental health. From the moment the first human development theory occurred, society took multiple attempts to define the exact stages of progression in human development, enhancing the previous ideas. This essay will...
Color blindness, or color deficiency, occurs when an individual is unable to distinguish between certain colors and belongs to the most widespread genetic disorders. This happens “in an X-linked recessive pattern,” as the genes, and mutations that are responsible for the defect, OPN1LW, OPN1MW, and OPN1SW, reside in the X...
To be good at their job, scientists should believe in evolution While some individuals might claim that this statement refers to a fact or fiction, it should be considered as opinion. First and foremost, the false causality principle denounces the possibility of considering the provided statement as a fact (Welch,...
Bacteria are one of the organisms used in bioremediation to degrade pollutants that jeopardize environmental and human well-being. Pseudomonas putida is a bacterium that plays a significant role in the bioremediation process. According to Weimer et al. (2020), the bacterium is gram-negative and rod-shaped which is found in different ecological...
Theories of Aging When theorizing the why and how of aging in relation to biology, I was most struck by Arbuthnott et al.’s (2016) discussion on evolutionary theory and aging. The authors’ main aim was to explain why mortality rate rises with aging. One thing that stood out for me...
Introduction Glycogen Storage Diseases (GSDs) refer to metabolic disorders that affect glycogen metabolism. The condition is genetic and passed down to children by their parents, who can carry the flawed gene without having any symptoms. GSD primarily affects the liver and muscles since glycogen is mostly stored in the muscle...
Introduction There is a rapid emergence of drug-resistant pathogens across the world. This phenomenon has endangered the efficacy of drugs such as antibiotics which have helped transform modern medicine and saved countless lives. Many years after the first use of antipathogens, the pathogens are increasingly becoming a threat again. The...
The topic of pesticide contamination is of paramount importance for humanity today. Getting into the soil, these substances find their way into vegetables and plants, with which they get into animals and eventually into humans through the food chain. The entry of pesticides into the soil happens during planting and...
Introduction “Gene-editing technology is poised to completely revolutionize all spheres of medicine” (“Diseases CRISPR could cure”, n.d.). Gene editing refers to the manipulation of genetic materials of a living organism by replacing, deleting, or to some extent inserting a DNA sequence to the living organism, typically with the motive of...
Geladas are monkeys that are acquired only in Ethiopia’s mountains. They are the most-earthly species in the highlands of the tropics, and it has become unusual for their primate relatives (“WATCH: Spend a Day”). Geladas are also experienced rock-climbers; however, they prefer to sit for a significant part of the...
Lifespan development is the complete process of the human being’s development from conception until the time of death. It is also referred to as a holistic approach to better understand all the physiological, emotional, cognitive, and fundamental social changes that normal human beings undergo. Therefore, this discussion will extensively look...
Herbert Spencer is one of the outstanding scientists belonging to the sphere of biology, sociology, and anthropology. He is also known as the author of social Darwinism, presupposing that superior physical force shapes history, and the fittest will survive, while other species will become extinct (Ritzer and Stepnisky 152). At...
The last couple of decades has been exceptionally productive in terms of the people’s involvement in the social life of the US. Moreover, the issues that are often being discussed are related to new historical findings and the understanding of certain factors that have not been accurately covered before. One...
There are 23 bones in the skull, some of which come in pairs. In general, the skull, excluding the mandible, appears as a single unit of joint bones (Seeley et al., 2002). Newborn’s skull consists of 45 bones, which gradually begin to fuse due to the process of osteogenesis. The...
The article “Why Mountains Matter in Canada” by Graham McDowell sheds light on the essence of mountains in Canada and why it is vital to advance initiatives that protect mountain ranges and the biodiversity that survives on these landscapes. According to the author, mountains form spectacular scenery, providing a prelude...
Gene editing is a promising new developing biotechnology that can significantly expand our power to modify human beings. Although, questions have been raised about the potential use of genetic information in ethics, religion, law, and society since completing the Human Genome Project. Concerns about the disastrous consequences of this technology’s...
The world is abundant with places with astonishing beauty that I would like to visit. I believe that the availability and accessibility of opportunities to travel and move to another country is one of the most significant benefits of the contemporary globalized world. Given a choice, I would prefer to...
