Revolutionary Aspects of Scientific Revolution

A revolution in any area of human activity is characterized by profound, qualitative changes in the current system. While this word is most often associated with political change, more critical turning points can be found in human history. Events such as the French Revolution can leave behind a documentary legacy,...

Catholic Church’s Contributions in Medieval Europe

In the Medieval era, the Catholic Church was the main dominant force in religion across Europe. The church was more than just a religion as it played a significant role in determining the lives of the people who lived in this time. Its leaders ruled over many elements of the...

What Factors Caused the Civil War

The factors that led to the Civil War include the disagreements on some core issues and values between the communities in the North and the South. Ultimately, the Civil War was a result of prolonged tension among the American citizens about the values and politics of the state. For example,...

Women in Ancient Greece and India: Statuses, Roles, Life

Introduction Women who made their way into the history of antiquity are associated with greatness and deities. They are represented by vivid images of goddesses who tried to help people and were merciful. The goddesses were beautiful and statuesque; the antique statues and Indian frescoes are striking in their elegance....

The Dutch Republic of the 17th Century

The 17th century for Europe is the era of large kingdoms such as Poland, France, and England. Against this background, the Dutch Republic stood out both territorially, having much less land, and in terms of its structure. Unlike other countries, it did not have any absolute ruler. Instead, the political...

French Revolution and Consequences of Radical Reform

The French revolution took place to change the monarchy and take control of the government due to poor economic and political policies that existed. The monarchy had lacked dynastic legitimacy; thus, republicans demanded a regime based on popular sovereignty. Further, France had undergone international humiliation hence the need for revolution...

Interpreting Christopher Columbus’ Personality and Activities

With the recently introduced aspect of perspective in history and the tendency to question the motives and actions of important figures in history, the case of Christopher Columbus requires complex understanding. In general, his input into the history and development of the word is fundamental and has no existing analogs....

Giles Fletcher’s “Of the Russe Commonwealth”

“Of the Russe Commonwealth” is the work Giles Fletcher written in 1591. Giles Fletcher was an English scholar and diplomat who described Russia right after the reign of Ivan IV and before the Time of Troubles. He was sent to the court of Fyodor I Ivanovich, who was a tsar...

The Collapse of the Soviet Union and Its Causes

The collapse of the USSR can rightfully be called one of the most significant political events of the XX century. For half a century, the USSR and the USA, in their confrontation, shaped the entire system of international relations. When the USSR ceased to exist, the whole system of cross-cultural...

Native American Tribes’ Customs and Politics

The west region, north region, and northwest coast region are all part of the Native American cultures. These are among the regions that the indigenous people of the United States inhabited when migrating. Each region has distinct tribes with unique cultures, languages, religions, customs, and politics. Each tribe developed diverse...

Persian, Roman, Mongol, and Inca Empires

In ancient times various political and socio-economic systems of the empires either contributed to their power and success or eventually led to the catastrophic downfall of the nation due to flaws in the system. Such empires as Persian, Roman, Mongol, and Inca are among the most prominent empires of all...

History of the Koreas During 1910-1945

The early twentieth century became a ground-breaking period of time for many countries, as the most influential conflicts and events occurred at the time. Japan’s aim of strengthening its political and economic rank in the world could be highlighted as one of the main reasons for its invasion of Korea...

Martin Luther King Jr.’s Impact on Civil Rights Movement

Introduction The civil rights movement began in the United States in the middle of the last century. Even though the Civil War of 1861-1865 had ended 90 years earlier, racial equality had never been established in America. White immigrants from Europe were at the root of the formation of the...

Dunbar’s “Never Caught” Book Analysis

Never caught is a narrative of the story of Ona Judge and is based on the author’s meticulous historical research. To describe the events in the life of the heroine, Dunbar (2017) used primary sources that represent fragments of historical events. In particular, newspaper articles, including later interviews with Judge...

The Anglo-Egyptian War’s Effects and Results

The Anglo-Egyptian war occurred in 1882 when Britain and Egypt opposed each other due to low payments. The disagreements made Egypt face low economic growth due to colonization by the Europeans. The war made Egypt surrender its investments such as irrigation, railways, cotton plantations, and schools which seduced Egypt to...

The Causes of the Mexican-American War

The conflict under consideration, the Mexican-American war, which started in 1846 and lasted two years, is notable for its role in the history of the relationships between the countries. This event reflects the attempts to expand the territory by the United States’ leaders and the resistance of Mexico, which could...

The Cuban Missile Crisis in the Cold War

Introduction The Cold War is signified by several serious conflict escalations between the Soviet Union and the United States, one of which is the Cuban Missile Crisis. After the failed Bay of Pigs operation, the government of Cuba requested the USSR’s help, and the latter placed its nuclear missiles on...

European Intrusion’s Influence on the Igbo People

The traditions of the Igbo people served as the basis of their community and provided guidance for all types of occasions. They had been developed for generations, and the inhabitants of the place had never attempted to challenge them. The rules were strictly followed until the European missionaries arrived in...

Bibliography: Julius Caesar as a Tragic Hero

Encyclopedia Britannica. Julius Caesar | Biography, conquests, facts, & death. Encyclopedia Britannica.  Julius Caesar possesses a noble stature and represents the patrician roots of his parents. Gaius Julius Caesar and Aurelia helped their son become a great general (Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d.). Being named a dictator, Julius Caesar refuses at first,...

Significance of the Emancipation Proclamation

The Civil War between the Union and the Confederacy was a pivotal series of events that had profound consequences on the history in the United States and abroad. Among others, it yielded one of the most critical documents in the history of the country, the Emancipation Proclamation. Although the Proclamation...

English Colonization and the Road to Revolution

Introduction In the seventeenth century, the political situation in the world was significantly impacted by the active position of the British Empire, which expanded its power on a global scale. It had a particular interest in obtaining the lands of North America, which is why the large territories were gradually...

European Colonization of the African Continent

As a process of gaining control over a foreign land and its people, colonization is a uniquely European phenomenon. The technological development of European countries in the nineteenth century allowed it a substantial advantage over less advanced countries, including those on the African continent. This process became known as new...

Pope Urban II Speech at Council of Clermont, 1095

According to Halshall in his Medieval Sourcebook, he represents the Pope’s speech in 1095 at Clermont; Urban had an appeal to a crusade where he addressed to the Christians; the Church leaders and members from all walks of life. During his speech, Urban addressed his audience as he delivered what...

Modern India’s Development and Political Challenge

Among the pressing issues within the Indian society is the contrast between a prospering middle class and people living in poverty, who face serious economic challenges. The modern Indian state is characterized by the caste system and the presence of scheduled groups, such as tribal people. Moreover, the history of...

Origin of Indigenous People (Metis Nation) in Canada

Introduction The concept of origin refers to the point or place where something arises from. In this situation, it refers to the origin of a group of people known as the Metis. Metis is a French term for mixed-blood and language. The term indigenous refers to the first inhabitants of...

Pericles’ “Funeral Oration”: Speech Analysis

Pericles’ “Funeral Oration” is one of the world’s greatest and most influential speeches that may still relate to society and governments. Delivered in 431 B.C., which was the first year of the Peloponnesian War, this speech praises Athenians’ sacrifices, comforts parents, brothers, and sons of the warriors deceased with honor,...

Political, Cultural, Economic, and Social Implications of WWII for Germany

Introduction WWII had tremendous global implications for every country in the world due to the large scale of the conflict and the amount of resources needed to mitigate the threat of the Nazi regime dominating the world. Furthermore, although some countries, such as the U.S., could not support the Alliance...

In Support of President Obama’s Operation Geronimo

Operation Neptune Spear, otherwise known as Operation Geronimo, was a CIA-led operation carried out on May 2, 2011, intended to kill Osama Bin Laden, the founder and the initial leader of al-Qaeda, the Islamist militant group responsible for numerous acts. Geronimo was the code name that two Navy SEALS teams...

Liberty and the French Revolution Reflections

Introduction The reflections on the French Revolution by Burke are not meant to explain the event but help the general public in the United Kingdom come to terms with the exercise’s impact. The French Revolution’s occurrence had a far-reaching impact on the French society and the neighboring countries, considering the...

Roman Aqueducts: Annotated Bibliography

Baiocchi, Valerio, Claudio Alimonti, Giorgia Bonanotte, and Gabor Molnar. 2020. “Geomatic Measurement of “New Aniene” And “Claudia” Roman Aqueducts for Flows Estimation.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 949: 1-8. Web. The author’s topic revolves around the measurement of the geometric properties of two major aqueducts of Ancient Rome,...

Equality in the US Declaration of Independence

Introduction The declaration of independence and the notion of equality are topics that have been explored at length, especially due to disagreements regarding the meaning of equality. The term “all men are created equal” coined by Thomas Jefferson in 1776 arguably meant something different from how equality as it is...

Roman, Mongolian, and Ottoman Empires’ History

Since the Ancient Mesopotamia period, several civilizations have emerged and grown their desires to conquer vast lands and spheres of power. There were more than 190 ancient empires with clearly demarcated borders (Wings, 2019). These empires existed in different periods in history and were dissimilar in many aspects, but one...

Great Roles of Women in the Civil War

In the 19th century, American women were predominantly perceived only in the domestic context, which was probably one of the factors that led to the underestimation of their roles in the Civil War (1861-1865). Despite being closely connected to the family and home life, females actively participated in the home...

True Intentions of the Founding Fathers

The transition of the United States from a small and rather helpless group of colonies to one of the most influential powers in the world has been a long journey. Some might argue that it would ultimately have failed if not for the Founding Fathers and their heroic efforts during...

Women as the Reserve Army of Labour

Introduction Reserve army of labour is a part of labour force that is kept in reserve to be entitled to work when they are needed or when they are able to work. If such people were not there it would be difficult to open new companies to undertake crisis projects....

The Enlightenment Era Thought

Enlightenment thinkers influenced the history of European countries and, consequently, affected the United States’ politics. The eighteenth century’s main political thought was based on changing the perception of authority and clarifying the importance of fundamental human rights. Democratic traditions have taken place in American culture since the beginning, influenced by...

Civil Rights Movement: Aims, Ideas, Impacts on Society

The aim of the civil rights movement in the 1960s was to resist all forms of racial oppression as well as to abolish the legacy of slavery as an institution. Outcomes of the movement included granting African-Americans basic civil rights and improving the economic, cultural, and political life of this...

Confucianism as the State Ideology of Ancient China

Introduction Ancient China is a civilization with a varied and long history of philosophical discovery and thought. Among others, the teachings of Confucius have had the biggest impact on the modern understanding of China and the cultural perception of Asian philosophy. Confucius’s teaching put much emphasis on personal improvement and...

Tang Empress Wu Zetian and the Pharaoh Cleopatra: Comparative Analysis

Introduction Ancient civilizations had few powerful female leaders who revolutionized the political, military, economic, and social order during their reign. Two bright examples of highly influential political figures are Tang Empress Wu Zetian (also known as Empress Wu or Wu Zhao) and the Pharaoh Cleopatra. According to Fitzgerald, Wu ruled...

Relationships Between the European Settlers and the Native Americans

Introduction Many factors played their role in the growth and development of the Colonial New England. Future America has served as a place where three district human cultures intersected. Relationships between the European settlers, the Native Americans, and the African Americans are intricate, and the groups have had a significant...

American Settlement of the West: History of the Expansion

Introduction The American settlement of the Western territories was essentially a conquest. The first conflicts between settlers and the native population began to occur from the start of the colonization in the 17th century. As the number of colonists grew, and they moved further into the continent in search of...

The Shift in the American Economy: Six Factors of Economic Change

Introduction During the 18th and 19th centuries, the American economy transformed from an export and agriculture-based collection of regional economies into a rising industrial economy with an established national market of small shops, farms, and factories. The transition was influenced by the political events of that time, as well as...

Black Death Impact on the Direction of Western Civilization

Introduction “The Black Death” is regarded in European history as one of the worst natural disasters, which occurred from 1346-1352 and spread across Europe. Many of those who survived lived in constant fear of the resurgence of the plague, but it did not end until the 1600s. The consequences of...

The Assassination of Julius Caesar

Introduction Rome is one of the most important and ancient historical landmarks in European history. The contemporary cultural, political, and philosophic tradition was built on the basis of old Roman practice and theory. Nowadays, it is still held in high regard, although few people concern themselves with the full history...

The History of Community Justice

Introduction Law enforcement and criminal justice in their traditional manifestations through the punishment of crime at state or federal levels do not always provide expected positive results for social order. The particularities of local neighborhoods related to social, economic, or demographical characteristics provide specific guidelines for law enforcement practices in...

The Ancient Societies and States: Effects of War

Introduction The development of ancient civilizations was accompanied by the complex nuances of the formation of statehood. When considering the period from Mesopotamia to the era of maritime expansion, major societies and states achieved greatness and recognition largely due to internecine wars, and frequent military conflicts were a natural occurrence....

The American System, Transportation, and Communication

In the first half of the 19th century, the predominantly agricultural economy of the USA, the usual way of life,and the mentality of the traditional society were eroded under the influence of industrial revolution. The development of the economy and social sphere was determined by its deployment, as well as...

The Review of the Challenger Disaster

Thirty-four years have passed since the world was stunned by the fatal space accident which occurred in the US. However, the disaster is still fresh in people’s minds, and everyone remembers those terrible footages of the space shuttle Challenger explosion. It took the lives of seven crew members and became...

Edmund Dene Morel: The Main Protagonist of the Story

The creation of the Congo Reform movement is closely related to the name of Edmund Dene Morel. Through journalistic activism, he uncovered the truth about the ruling of the Congo Free State, the regime of Leopold II (Ramsey 1). In his book, “King Leopold’s Ghost”, Adam Hochschild describes Leopold’s reign...

Inaugural Speech of John Fitzgerald Kennedy

Introduction The speech was written by Kennedy himself with the assistance of Ted Sorensen. Kennedy served only two years of his term and did not have any significant domestic or foreign political achievements such as Roosevelt. Yet, for some reason, people still regard him highly. His ratings reach as high...

Sharecropping. History of Racial Agriculture

Introduction The sharecropping system arose in the Post-Reconstruction era as a means of revitalizing the Southern agrarian economy. However, it quickly became a form of racialized agriculture which aimed to maintain the social order that existed during slavery and subjugate freed black slaves to economic exploitation. Sharecropping quickly became another...

European Contact With the Aztec Empire and China

The history of European travels to the East as well as to new lands with a view to their further colonization contains a number of achievements initiated by individual explorers. These people significantly contributed to the development of the economy of the time. However, their activity did not necessarily lead...

Texas Secession: Major Problems in Texas History

The Texas secession from the United States in 1861 was not an unforeseen political move as discontent among Texans with the Union’s direction had been continuously growing. This decision resulted in joining the group of six other states that left the Union earlier before the inauguration of Lincoln. Then Texas...

Why Does Lucretia Commit Suicide?

Lucretia was a noblewoman known for her innocence, beauty, and suicide that she committed after a rape. Her death is a symbol of dishonor in human relationships in Ancient Rome. Livy introduced Lucretia as “occupying herself differently,” which tells about her high honor and the distinction from other women (79)....

The Fall of the Aztec Empire

Introduction Aztec Empire was the largest domain on the North American continent before the Spaniards defeated it. The conquest was led by the renowned conquistador Hernán Cortés. His victory over the Aztecs secured Mexico as a colony and ensured the Spanish Empire could establish its influence in the region. This...

Mesopotamia: From Sumer to Babylon

Introduction Mesopotamia is one of the greatest civilizations in world history. Most technological inventions and writing systems of contemporary society exist because of Mesopotamian contribution. The first writing system and literary work are attributed to this civilization. Throughout its history, the region was ruled by several empires, including Sumers and...

The Concept of the American Dream

Introduction European settlers came to North America in hopes of a new life full of opportunities. Their expectations manifested themselves in the idea of the American Dream, which proclaimed that success could be achieved by anyone through hard work in a society based on democratic principles. First established in the...

William Swinton’s Thesis on the Human History Development

The current paper is an argumentative essay that aims to provide a reasonable disagreement with William Swinton’s thesis on human history development. According to Swinton, there is only one “civilization of progress”, and it belongs to European people (Aryan races). The statement appears to be unreasonable due to the existence...

The Spanish-American War: Causes and Impact

The Spanish-American war was the armed conflict in 1898 between two major countries in that historical period. The fight fundamentally changed the world structure, impacting the future economics and political dominance significantly, hence being an essential event in the development of chronicles (Marolda 4). The research paper will look into...

The Great Depression in the United States

The Great Depression that occurred in the 1930s was a severe economic depression capturing countries worldwide, beginning in the United States. The Black Tuesday of September 4, 1929, marked the start of the process due to the rapid and significant stock prices crash that impacted the US financial capabilities (White...

Sir Frederick Lugard’s Arguments for Imperialism

The 19th century saw a dramatic expansion of European empires around the world. It was driven by numerous factors, including economic interests, internal politics, international rivalries, and ideological considerations such as spreading Western civilization. Although this expansion was supported by broad swathes of the population in colonizer nations, it still...

Northern and Southern States of America Defferences

Differences between the Northern and Southern States had existed since America was only a colony of Great Britain. In order to understand the essence of the conflict that took place between the North and South in 1861-1865, it is necessary to analyze an earlier period. The basis for the division...

Lost Colony of Roanoke Island

Introduction The mystery of the disappearance of the English colonists on Roanoke Island provokes many questions even in the 21st century, and the history of the Roanoke colony is a subject for the investigation event today. The reason is that there is no single opinion regarding the causes and aspects...

The American Revolution Influence on the World’s Political Course

Introduction In this revolutionary war of independence, England at first did not want to recognize the American “rebels” as belligerents. The forces of the warring parties were far from equal at first. The American forces where not as strong as the English army. Furthermore, when the colony had almost no...

Karl Marx and His Contributions to Study of Economics

Thesis Karl Marx (5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) is known as a prominent philosopher, journalist, sociologist, and, first of all, economist. In every one of these spheres, he has left a priceless heritage that remains useful even nowadays. In this work, his biography is reviewed and it is...

The Nightmare in South Sudan

Introduction The civil war in South Sudan broke out in December 2013. More than 50 thousand people have been killed, and more than 1.6 million were forced to leave their houses during the war (“Civil War in South Sudan,” 2018). In 2014, South Sudan’s food crisis was admitted the most...

Americanos: Latin America’s Struggle for Independence

Across the history of America, there was lots of dispute about whether or not the Americans may rightfully refer to themselves by this name. The process of acquiring independence in Latin America started with the concept of “popular sovereignty” which required determining who can be called “Sovereign People.” Everybody who...

The Americas in the Age of Revolution 1750-1850

Introduction The present-day literature has much research available on all issues connected with the emergence of the USA, the development of the country, the fight for independence in the period of colonization, etc. In general, every country has a history of which it is proud and which has to be...

The History of King Richard I

Introduction Notwithstanding the several blunders that he had made during his reign, King Richard I still remains amongst the most remembered and admired king in the English history. This essay paper covers the life and time of King Richard I and his contribution to the western civilization. Life and times...

The Cuban Revolution: Causes, Events and Leaders

Introduction The Cuban revolution revolved around Fidel Castro’s movement which was out to overthrow Fulgencio Batista. The latter was a dictator in Cuba who humiliated and exploited the citizens of this country. The Cuban revolution began with the attack of Moncada barracks in Santiago and camps in Bayamo by Cuban...

The Rise and Rule of Octavian

Introduction Octavian, who would later establish himself as one of the most tactical and charismatic rulers of the Roman Empire, was born in September 23rd in 63 BC. Octavian was actually a nephew to Julius Caesar, having been born to Atia, Julius Caesar’s niece and Gaius Octavius. Although his father...

La Malinche: An Overview

Introduction In the cause of 1500s, there was a woman who always changed the direction of the history of Mexico. She provided her services to Herman Cortes in the capacity of being her translator and mistress. Had there been no help from her, there could have been the defeat of...

Colonial Division of Labor: Rich and Poor Nations

The problem of social inequality is deeply historically rooted. People’s being divided into poor and rich is primarily connected with the appearance of propriety and labor division. Labor division from the very beginning includes the division of working conditions – of the instruments of labor and materials, and therefore, breaking...

Victorian Society, Its Values and Beliefs

The Victorian era, getting its name from Queen Victoria who had a long reign over Great Britain from 1837 to 1901, was a very significant one regarding its bringing about a supreme change in the moral values of people dwelling there. It was distinct in terms of imposing a strict...

American Social History Since 1865

Introduction American history after the Civil War of 1861-1865, which came to be known as the ‘Gilded Age,’ was characterized with rapid population growth, huge economic boom and the creation of a modern industrial economy. Mark Twain and Charles Dudely Warner coined the term ‘Gilded Age’ in their novel “The...

Heroification: Loewen’s Term “Heroification” From ‘Lies My Teacher Told Me’

The word heroification is best described in James Loewen’s book ‘Lies My Teacher Told Me’ using various prominent examples. Loewen (1995) defines heroification as a process that is popularly agreed on by the majority to ‘tag’ a personality with heroic characteristics without the conscious knowledge of the personality’s weakness. Thus...

Charlemagne, Justinian and Theodore Governments

Charlemagne, also known as Charles the Great, became a joint king in Franks in 788 together with his brother Carloman. Later his brother died in 771 thus, Charlemagne ruled the kingdom alone. When Charlemagne came to power, most parts of northern Europe had drifted into lawlessness and paganism. He was...

Socio-Cultural Shifts in European Renaissance

The expression renaissance has the meaning of revitalization or rebirth. During this period many themes that affect human beings were re-discovered, re-made, and perfected. To make this happen there were several foremost factors. During the Middle Ages, human societies in Europe did not find time to change their ways of...

American History: The 1877-1920 Era

Introduction The period between 1877 and 1920 covers several changes in the United States. There was reconstruction of Southern America after destruction which resulted from the American Civil War. The other major development was the coming up of industrialization. The period was marked by continuous strikes which were caused by...

Christopher Columbus and 16th-Century Imperialism

Introduction Imperialism refers to the process by which powerful nations control weaker nations by influencing or controlling their culture, politics, and economy (Meltzer, p.4). There are various factors that contributed to imperialism but the main cause of imperialism is economic expansion. In ancient times, powerful nations could send armies to...

Tim Wise’s Argument on Illuminated Individualism

Tim Wise argues that the American government ought to bring more focus, particularly monetary focus, to the American communities of color, and leave it to those communities to use and disburse by their own volition (Wise 1). Apparently, there should not be any problem related to this issue. However, unfortunately,...

Comparison of the Slavery Systems in Ancient Rome and Ottoman

Introduction Slavery refers to a situation whereby an individual is owned by another individual and is sometimes denied some of his rights. Slavery was mainly practiced in ancient years. Examples of the empires which practiced the trade include Rome and Ottoman. This research will shed light on how slavery was...

Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire by Edward Gibbon

There can be no doubt as to the fact that in his famous work “The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire”, Edward Gibbon refers to introduction of Christianity as one of the major factors that had brought about the fall of Roman Empire. However, it is...

The Collapse of the Roman Republic

The Roman Republic, which lasted for over 5 centuries (Roman-colosseum.info), finally collapsed due to a combination of 4 causes for which different sources were responsible. Economic Causes There were 4 economic causes for which the Emperor in larger part, and the Senate to a lesser degree, was responsible. The first...

Richard Nixon and the Watergate Scandal

Introduction Perhaps no President of the United States have ever been as unpopular as Richard Nixon who to date has been the only President to have resigned under disgrace. However Nixon did have some remarkable foreign policy achievements. Nixon inherited the disastrous Vietnam War involvement from the previous administration. Nixon...

British Civilization: Queen Victoria

The evolvement of monarchy is important to understanding British civilization because the monarchical system has been adopted for several centuries and has been defining, variably, the sociological and political life in the country. This paper is going to examine one particular reign: that of Queen Victoria (1837-1901) a monarch who,...

History of Palau Independence

Palau was established as a sovereign country by the Compact of Free Association on 1st October, 1994, which guaranteed the continuation of military, economic and political links between Palau and the US for fifty years. The Compact of Free Association outlines the relationships that three sovereign countries had entered into...

American History: The Scopes Monkey Trial

Outline Scopes trial, also known as the monkey’s trial was arranged to challenge Butler’s Act. The act prohibited teachers from teaching evolution in American public schools which ALCU disagreed with. The ALCU went on its way to offer services to any person volunteering to be charged against violation. Scopes volunteered...

Benito Mussolini’s Rise and Fall

Abstract This research paper looks critically at the life and times of Benito Mussolini. The paper begins by discussing how by 1919 most Italians had turned their support to the socialist and the catholic party in the hope that it would solve their problems. The paper discusses the early life...

The Causes of First Civilizations

Introduction In the course of mankind’s development, there was a period marked by a transition of humans to more massive and universal forms of existence which are generally defined as civilizations. The first springs of civilizations had appeared as early as 6000 BC in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and South Asia followed...

Adam Smith and The Age of Enlightenment

Introduction The course of human history has been determined by the natural changes that occurred under the influence of political, economic, and social changes that were typical of every period of human history. Thus, the changes in the way of thinking and preferable values of humanity determined the division of...

Historical and Political Causes of Structural Violence in Haiti

Structural violence is a word that was first used in the 1960s. Initially, structural violence denoted a type of violence that was practiced by a particular social structure that involved killing people slowly but gradually to prevent them from achieving their potential. This in essence means the destruction of essential...

Growth and Development of Ancient Cities

Introduction The growth of ancient cities was instigated by several factors. Many cities grew as a result of exploration or conquest expeditions by famous figures who would build empires and initiate a trade with neighbouring regions. The processes of growth of the Cosmopolitan City of Alexandria, the City of Sagala,...

The Origin of European Colonialism

Introduction European colonialism can be dated way back to the 15th century with the emergence of what was known as the age of discovery spearheaded by the Spanish and the Portuguese in the American exploration, Africa exploration, the Middle East, and East Asia. During this era, the European attention of...

The Myth and Ritual Schools

Introduction We would like to focus this essay on the topic “The Myth and Ritual Schools” of Catherine Bell’s Ritual Perspectives and Dimensions, along with its underlying facts and other literature that may have emerged since its inception. Background Which really comes first myth or ritual, or which one evolved...

Simon Bolivar and “Ungovernable” America

Introduction Simon Bolivar was one of the first and the most persistent fighters for the South America’s independence. He made a great contribution to the independence of such countries as Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela. Strange as it may seem but Simon Bolivar, though being such a goal-oriented person, still...

American History “Through Women’s Eyes” by Dubois & Dumenil

For women, slavery was one of the most difficult and cruel periods in history. African-American women were deprived rights and freedoms. Certainly, resistance to the institution of slavery required mothers to protest the habitual violation of an ideologically sanctified relationship–in effect, a matter of insisting upon the enslaved woman’s right...

Racism in Minnesota: Archival Research Paper

Racism in Minnesota as a Midwestern state was historically very widespread as in the territory where slavery and racial discrimination were present in 19 century and persisted for a large part of the 20th century. Notwithstanding the fact of the large civil movement against racism in Minnesota beginning in the...

Industrialization: How It Changed the Lives of Europeans

The first industrialization and the increasingly popular enlightenment movement were considered influential and changing the lives of eighteenth-century Europeans. The industrial revolution ultimately brought changes in the economics, population, family structure, labor, and consumption patterns. With the introduction of new technologies, smoke-stack industries rose to replace the agricultural economy of...

Meiji Restoration in Japan

Introduction Meiji restoration was brought into effect more as a restoration of the imperial rule in Japan. This was also seen as an end to the Shogunate that was ruling the country and brought in the imperial rule across the islands. This paved way for swift industrial growth bringing to...

Canada During the Cold War

Thesis Canada, better known for its scientific knowledge rather than military prowess, pursued a moderate anti-communist policy during the Cold War while aiding struggling countries and promoting peace in the world arena. The cold war which began in the 1940s between America and the then USSR dragged on till the...

History of the Bartolome De Las Casas

Introduction The history of America’s discovery is both triumphant and tragic since it allowed the world to move to a new stage of development, but took millions of local people’s lives. De Las Casas was one of the Spanish forwarders who, in the first decades after the discovery of Columbus,...

Oneida Indians Declare Neutrality

The Oneida Nation, which was just one of the members of the Six Nations or Iroquois Confederacy, played an important role in the American Revolution. However, before siding with American colonials during the conflict, Oneidas, as well as other members of the Iroquois Confederacy, declared neutrality first. As it is...

Taoism in Han Dynasty China: Cultural and Philosophical Perspectives

Introduction Ancient Chinese civilization is one of the richest in cultural heritage in the world that based its development on an extensive system of philosophical and religious ideas. Han dynasty that lasted from 206 BC to 220 AD is one of the eras in the history of ancient China characterized...

Baldwin’s American Dream, American Negro, Sonny’s Blues

Introduction Baldwin’s The American Dream and the American Negro speech appeals to the White southerners, accusing them of racism towards African-Americans. The concept of plague is used by the author to reflect hatred and immorality, which make them look down on people that have a different skin color: “moral lives...

Harlem Renaissance: African American Identity

Introduction The Harlem Renaissance is a term that is widely used to describe the period of a cultural and social reawakening for African Americans in the United States, who concentrated their artistic effort in New York. The period between the 1920s and the 1930s became a critically significant era in...

Andrew Johnson’s Role in the Reconstruction Era: Reforms

Introduction Out of all the historical events that happened during the era of mankind, war remains to be the most undesirable and high-priced act of human beings. Military actions lead to the loss of financial means, men’s lives, settlements, and even cities. Moreover, the end of warfare does not mean...

Bully: An Adventure With Teddy Roosevelt

Jerome Alden’s play, Bully: An Adventure with Teddy Roosevelt is set in the year 1912. It follows Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th President of the United States. In 1912, he attempted to run for a third term as President. The play is split into two acts: in the first, Roosevelt reminisces...

Analyzing 19th-Century Slavery Compromises and Their Impact

Introduction Slavery was one of the most controversial aspects that were widely discussed in the 19th century. These discussions, eventually, contributed to the start of the Civil War and the development of the United States of America (Kennedy & Cohen, 2015). In the middle of the 19th century, states tried...

The History of Black Settlement

African-American Experience in Washington, DC. The history of Black settlement in Washington, DC, since the early 17th century until the early 20th century, provides us with many in-depth insights into the African-American experience as a whole. Probably the most notable of them is that it was not only that throughout...

European Trade Goods for Native Americans

The Effect of European Trade Goods on Native Americans Native Americans’ trade relations with Europeans significantly influenced their way of living. Thus, it is possible to state that American Indians, who were traditionally focused on a handicraft, received access to steel knives, metal pots, hatchets, and guns (Gallay 244). As...

Slavery in Africa After European Colonization

Slavery existed among most modern societies, including African. Even before the European colonization and the onset of the slave trade, it was a part of the culture. Despite that, European slavery differed from the African variant, and the status of slaves was different as a result. In addition to that,...

Modernization in Post World War I Turkey and Iran

After World War I, the important and contradictory process of modernization of Middle Eastern countries could be observed. One of the most interesting examples is the political evolution of Iran, where the conservative clerical elite tried to conduct a technical modernization of the country. Another example is the complicated development...

The Great Depression: Limitations and Effects

What do Eleanor Roosevelt’s activities reveal about the limitations on women in the early twentieth century? Women had very limited opportunities in the labor market due to various restrictions. The general attitude was that women had to maintain the household and be openly available to men as they came home...

History of the United Arab Emirates

Introduction The history of the area starts in the 7th century when Islam was converted, but the archeological research shows that the first human occupation can be referred to as the Neolithic period. A new formation, United Arab Emirates, comprising six emirates (Abu Dhabi, Umm al-Qaiwain, Sharjah, Fujairah, Dubai, and...

“The African Experience” by Vincent Khapoya

Introduction Many scholars have advanced various schools of thought in their search for real reasons that could help resolve the question that has lived with us for centuries of what could be responsible for the continued economic, social and political backwardness of the African continent. Khapoya undertook to analyze the...

Ancient Egypt: Its Culture and History

History of Egypt Egypt is one of the countries that had a long and remarkable history. This country had an immense influence on the development of western civilization. Ironically, the country and its culture were also shaped by western civilization, as well as other cultural traditions. The Egyptians are a...

CIA’s Role in Tibet: Success or Failure in 1950s China?

The issue in question was the impact of the CIA’s involvement in Tibet’s political affairs during a critical period in the nation’s history. This query refers to the time period when Mao Tse Tung’s Communist Party took control of China in the year 1950. Shortly thereafter, Mao made known his...

Socialism: Key Thinkers & Debates

Introduction Socialism is classified by most modern historians as a system of economic and social policies and political beliefs that focuses on collective control over the means of production as well as democratic ownership and the decision-making process. Ideas of socialism existed well into the 18th and 19th centuries, having...

Understanding the U.S. Constitution: Key Articles and Amendments

Description of the Example The selected example of the archive document is the Constitution of the United States. It can be accessed at the website of the National Archives. The document consists of four handwritten pages. It comprises seven articles, which united the citizens of the country in their desire...

Pliny’s Natural History: How the Author Outlines His Knowledge

Introduction The study of ancient history is a vicarious experience that can be gained through the exploration of books, texts, and documents. Historical practitioners are keenly aware of the fact that ancient sources are not always characterized by the complementary relationship between reliability and authenticity (MacNeil, 2000). Therefore, the ability...

European Civilization: Cultural and Economic Challenges

From the point of view of historical development, European civilization was one of the most influential forces in the history of humankind. Of course, in order to estimate the influences of Europe as a force in world events, it is important to consider social, political, cultural, economic, and ideological aspects....

Women and Media in Douglas’s “Where the Girls Are”

Introduction Susan Douglas’s Where the Girls Are: Growing Up Female with the Mass Media is a significant contribution to modern feminist thought for its critical look at how women of the Baby Boomers generation were severely influenced by the popular culture. The book also acknowledged the blossoming awareness and acceptance...

Ivan the Terrible’s Legacy: Reforms and Oppressive Policies

Introduction The legacies of Ivan IV Vasilyevich, who is also known as Ivan the Terrible, attract close attention of many historians because this monarch considerably shaped the history of Russia, especially the political development of this country, its social structure, as well as the size of its territory. This paper...

Hitler’s and Roosevelt’s Inaugural Speeches

Introduction The early 1930s proved to be a time of hardship for many countries on the globe. In 1933, two strong politicians came to rule Germany and the US. This paper aims to compare Hitler’s and Roosevelt’s inaugural speeches in order to find similarities and differences in their political courses....

Bill of Rights: Key Amendments Protecting American Liberties

Description of the Example The completed digital field trip was quite informative and meaningful. The primary document selected from the Founding Documents Gallery at the National Archives was the Bill of Rights. This document outlines the major restrictive clauses or amendments to the Constitution that were aimed at protecting the...

Freedom Ideal in “The Spartans” by Paul Cartledge

Introduction The Spartans involved a society of warriors who exercised a high level of discipline, self-sacrifice, and tolerance. The Spartans: The World of the Warrior-Heroes of Ancient Greece is a chef-d’oeuvre story authored by Paul Cartledge. The author, a prominent historian, tracks the outstanding rise and fall of the Spartan...

History: American Foreign Policy since World War II

Introduction The post-Cold War era in the American society can be deemed as an essential epoch in the U.S. history, as it allowed for retrieving the answers to some of the most complicated political, financial and economic questions; foreshadowing the tendency for the globalization and the following alterations in the...

The White Mountain Apache People: Culture, Traditions, and Historical Significance

To reveal a cultural landscape of White Mountain Apache people as well as their attitudes towards their lives, it is essential to pinpoint some core definitions used in the reading. After that, the essay will focus directly on White Mountain Apache people and their comparison with Hopi and Shoshone’s views...

How WWII Ended the Great Depression: US Economic Revival

In its comparatively long history, humanity had passed through numerous crises that altered the world and resulted in the appearance of new entities, values, phenomena, etc. There were different causes for the appearance of hard times. Starting from the ice age and ending with the 2008 financial crisis, human beings...

The Navajo Indians: Native American Studies

Introduction The Navajo Indians are Native Americans who live in states such as New Mexico, Utah, and Arizona. In early history, the Navajo were hunters and gatherers. The tribe also adopted crop and livestock farming as means of obtaining food. Crop production involved cultivation of corn, beans, and Squash. After...

Key Terms and Features of Westward Expansion: A Historical Overview

Introduction The westward expansion was a critical moment in the history of the United States that commenced in 1807 and ended in 1912, and that involved the exploration and colonization of territories in the West (Billington and Ridge 25). It began along the East Coast and progressed towards the Pacific...

Audre Lorde’s Feminism and Counterarguments

Introduction Various stakeholders, including renowned filmmakers and playwrights such as Maggie Nelson, Gloria Jean Watkins (bell hooks), and Audre Lorde among others, have presented feminism differently. The concept of feminism has its roots in the 18th century, specifically during the Seneca Falls Convention, when women turned out in large numbers...

Significance of the Declaration of Independence in American History

Introduction The example that I have selected to describe is one of the most significant American documents, the Declaration of Independence. The US Declaration of Independence is a historical document in which the British colonies in North America declared independence from Great Britain. This paper served as the beginning of...

Maoist Ideology’s Influence on Contemporary Chinese Governance

Introduction Maoism, as defined by Rapp (p. 32), refers to teachings derived from one of Chinese’s most renowned political leader. The leader referred to here is Mao Zedong. The man lived between 1893 and 1976. Individuals who believe in Mao’s teachings and theories about politics and life in general are...

History: The Communist Revolution in East Asia and the Cold War

Introduction In 1945, Korea became liberated from Japan, in 1946 the Philippines was freed from the US, in 1949 the Indonesians gained independence from the Dutch, and Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam overcame the French in 1954. Approximately a quarter of the world inhabitants, which is not less than 45 countries,...

Key Causes of the Civil War in the United States: A Historical Perspective

The Civil War in the United States started in 1861 and lasted for four years claiming about 0.6 million of lives. The major players were the Southern States and Northern States (Henretta and Edwards 2). It is the tension that had characterized the country in past that triggered the American...

Winston Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech: Cold War Onset

The Sinews of Peace known as The Iron Curtain is the speech of Winston Churchill to the United States and Great Britain in particular that laid the accent on the challenges of the Western World. The speech of the British statesman outlined the onset of the Cold War. As the...

Immigration to the United States: The Historical Significance of Ellis Island

Abstract The history of the United States depends on the idea of immigration. Ellis Island is the place where the thousands of immigrants started the new life during the period of the 1880s-1930s. As a result, immigration on Ellis Island contributed to the economic and social progress of the country....

Abu Dhabi Power’ Destructive Effects: Saqr Bin Zayed Al Nahyan

This story comes from the time that is not closely familiar to the modern generations; yet, it can still be used for the edification of people who want to achieve power. Once, Abu Dhabi was a small, but influential sheikdom in the lower Gulf (Davidson, 2011, p. 28). It forged...

Nutrition and Food Access for Working-Class Americans: Challenges and Solutions

Factors that limited food choices for the working-class Americans in the 20th century Abigail Carroll’s approach in analyzing the history of food in the United States is intriguing. Carroll argues that money was critical in determining food choices among Americans. However, with the agricultural developments during the industrial revolution, work...

Thomas Jefferson: Achievements and Controversies in U.S. History

Thomas Jefferson was one of the representatives in the United States General Congress who authored the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson was from Virginia. The declaration represented the wishes, the will, and the hope of the people. This was a unanimous declaration by thirteen states. Jefferson is considered one of the...

Conquest of Mexico and Downfall of the Aztec Empire

Introduction While the human race takes great pride in the progressive nature of each subsequent civilization, human beings continue to harbor a keen interest on ancient civilizations. This interest in the past sometimes springs from specific attributes of certain ancient civilizations which are hailed as benchmarks in the civilization process....

History of Humankind: From Paleo-Indians to Modern America

History is as old as man is. It tells the story of humankind since the beginning of this planet. The subject can be compared to an old man who is thousands of years old, and who has witnessed the happenings in this world. Therefore, the old man, with a memory...

Rise of the Islamic Empire

There was a great number of different interesting and bright moments in history of our world. Rise and fall of the Roman Empire, Napoleonic Wars and great tragedy of the WWII. Each event changed greatly development of our word and society. Moreover, these events left a great landmark in culture...

The Industrial Revolution’s Profound Impact on the Lives of British Workers

In 1833, a law was passed in Britain limiting working hours about women and children working in textile mills; this came as a result of a parliamentary investigation into the conditions of working in the textile industry. In the course of the investigations, several people were called up to give...

Cold War Effects on U.S. Policies: A Historical Analysis

Introduction The end of the Second World War led to the rise of two major global powers, namely, the U.S.A. and the U.S.S.R., who emerged victoriously. The two nations had different political and economic ideologies, which made them suspicious of each other. America’s economic and political system was capitalistic in...

Missouri Compromise of 1820: Balancing Slavery in the U.S.

Introduction The Missouri compromise refers to an agreement passed in 1820 as a solution to the differences in government over slavery (Forbes 19). Before the agreement was passed, numerous member of the United States Congress disagreed on the way to incorporate both western and southern states in the government without...

Leadership Lessons from Strauss’ “Masters of Command”

Strauss’ book ‘Masters of Command’ revolves around three war leaders Alexander the Great, Hannibal and Caesar. They stand out as leaders of their time as they ruled effectively and won their battles. Strauss strives to bring out lessons concerning good leadership, which is mostly characterized by good strategy formulation and...