1296 samples of this type
Introduction This essay details various topics, including the water cycle, a series of physical stages involving processes. Moreover, these procedures pertain to where water is changed from liquid to gas. However, the essay enlightens the ten cloud systems and, ultimately, sheds light on the weather, which is a fundamental aspect...
Neuromyths is a term that depicts a set of assertions and perceptions about brain research that are useful for the educational process. More often than not, neuromyths arise because people do not have enough knowledge and are not interested. The sources of myths are most often educators and teachers who...
Background Cloning of human embryos, also known as reproductive cloning, refers to purposefully producing individuals who are genetically identical to one another. Every single freshly created person is an exact copy of the pioneering specimen. Identical twins, also known as monozygotic twins, are natural clones. Every cell in a clone’s...
Exercise is an essential element which contributes to the health of every person and positively affects the entire body. At the same time, from the perspective of biology, exercise becomes a significant challenge for the homeostasis of humans. The article “Integrative Biology of Exercise” by Hawley et al. provides an...
Did you know that studying cutaneous glands can result in significant advances in science and technology? The cutaneous glands are a type of microscopic glands on the skin of an organism, capable of producing various substances. There are a total of 5 different types of glands, all part of the...
Introduction The regulation of genetic information is important and must occur within the confines of specific conditions to ensure the expression of the target genes. The process occurs through Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-binding proteins (DBPs), which identify the specific sequence for attachment resulting in preservation. Regulation and expression of genetic information....
Abstract Molecular analysis for studying the spatial configuration and properties of proteins has applications in modern biotechnology. In the present work, the enzyme pectate lyase (Pel1), obtained in the early stages using the transformation of recombinant plasmids into a bacterial culture of E. coli BL21(DE3), is studied in this way....
The first video by SomeoneSmol, “May 11, 2022 (a).” provides an overview of the methods of studying the Greenland ice sheet, revealing how exactly the age of the ice and the conditions it existed in can be determined. For example, one of the most recent ways of researching Greenland ice...
Studying the human body from a microbiological perspective reveals to one that the organism is a much more structurally complex set of systems than most cutting-edge technologies. The microbiome is one of the most unusual and intriguing parts of the body due to its partial bio-autonomy in terms of existence...
The research summarizes and provides basic information on sleep stages. It shows the biological effects and human behavior at each stage, using Saladin’s (2017) research. However, sleep science is a developing field with discoveries and answers to the existing questions appearing consistently. One such study is the review research by...
Neurons have a capability for both communication within the cell and between cells. These are done via sending electrical signals, or action potentials. This ability is called action potential conduction. The process of communication between neurons is called neurotransmission and can be done in various ways, including chemical and electric...
When it is necessary to learn some physiological characteristics of human health conditions, scientists and researchers address genetic studies and focus on the peculiarities of the human genome. A number of nucleic acid sequences are encoded as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to store the hereditary material. Almost every cell in the...
Characteristics of the Invasive Species The goldfish is an animal of the fish species that lives in fresh water. This animal is most widely used as an ornamental fish in aquariums for homes. It is important to emphasize that the species itself did not exist, but was artificially bred as...
Introduction Deoxyribonucleic acid commonly referred to as DNA is a heredity carrier in living organisms containing genetic information on growth and development. This information and instructions determine the traits of an organism and are usually transferrable from parents to offspring through different forms of reproduction. Unlike Ribonucleic acid, DNA assumes...
Introduction Determination of the genome of a bacteria culture is one of the complex biotechnological techniques. In this case, there is the genomic DNA of Bacillus Subtilis given to compare the utility of different types of DNA sequencing technologies. Currently, this technique is based on the determination of nucleic acids...
The demographic trends in many countries have been vastly different. This is the effect of many countries’ population growth or population-reduction initiatives. Ethiopia is demonstrating massive progress with relation to the development of health and living conditions of its citizens. Infant and maternal mortality are decreasing, and child mortality under...
Introduction In the contemporary world driven by progress in science and technologies, the strive toward sustainable and ecological agricultural methods prevails. Vastly utilized chemical fertilization provides a significant yield increase as it acts as a growth stimulant for plants. However, agricultural companies tend to use chemicals in excess, which has...
Introduction Female genital mutilation or FGM, common in Guinea, is a ritual act. In the process of this tradition, either part of the external genitalia or the entire external genitalia is removed from women. These modifications may include the removal of the clitoris or the stitching of the labia. The...
Embedding genes into plasmid vectors is an integral part of molecular cloning as part of genetic engineering. This technique is widely used to obtain comparably cheap biological materials in a short time on a large scale, so genetic cloning and cell engineering techniques are spreading rapidly. One such example is...
Many drugs with antimicrobial effects do not directly kill microorganisms but block the expression of essential proteins, which affects pathogen dysfunction. The antimicrobial drug that was discovered in this assignment should have a similar effect on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). However, hypothetical claims require empirical examination, and it is for...
Introduction Proteomics is known to be the study of proteins considered to be the essential part of living organisms. This interdisciplinary domain covers the exploration of proteomes, also referred to as sets of proteins produced by a biosystem. Several methods to generate proteomic data, such as gel-based proteomics and mass...
Memory is one of the most critical components of the human psyche. It is responsible for saving and retrieving information that is constantly coming to a person from outside. The value of memory lies in the fact that it also determines a person’s personality, forming it and giving it specific...
Introduction The digestive process is complex and multifaceted in its essence and structure, consisting of several stages and steps of processing biologically significant elements. Moreover, in this procedure, it is by no means possible to do without enzymes that convert complex substances into simple ones. In fact, with the help...
Thomas Nagel uses the bat as an illustration of the ability to understand the mind and body operation. Thomas Nagel provides an argument that organisms of different species have a specific viewpoint (Nagel 445). It can get demonstrated by how the organism displays its true character during its time of...
In biotechnology, vectors are used as tools to transfer genes of interest into a living cell in order to force cells to produce uncharacteristic recombinant proteins. Thus, vector engineering is an up-and-coming technique that solves essential economic, applied, and scientific issues. Traditionally, circular bacterial DNA molecules called plasmids are used...
Social interaction and language usage are significant themes in sociolinguistics, a field that examines the interplay between the two. The specialization focuses on the impact of language on a community’s social stratification. To better understand how people communicate in a given circumstance, sociolinguists try to identify the specific language traits...
Introduction Human beings are complex and unpredictable creatures with dual nature. They combine a biological essence, which is the result of evolution, and social identity, the development of society. However, it is significant to state that humans are composed of the same proteins and nucleic acids as animals, and several...
Research A research article I found said that genetic specificities of sex chromosomes impact the likelihood and severity of developing diseases, such as hypertension, cardiac ischemia, obesity, aneurism, or atherosclerosis (Arnold et al., 2017). It is important to add that not only sex chromosomes determine biological sex of a person,...
Expression systems, among which the recombinant vector pET, are widely used in biotechnology to introduce foreign genes into prokaryotes or simple eukaryotes. This technique makes it possible to eventually obtain recombinant proteins from those organisms that should not produce these proteins in the natural environment. For example, one of the...
Introduction The current paper explores the neurobiology of ecstasy (MDMA) abuse and conducts an analysis of academic articles related to the topic. The theme of the study is relevant to the field of biological psychology because it concerns a widely used substance which significantly affects the well-being of people. Therefore,...
Introduction Physical health in cats has been a very commonly reviewed topic. But it also sparks discussions regarding feline mental health. Since mental health research in pets focuses typically on dogs, it is essential to review the existing studies related to cats. Moreover, the almost insignificant amount of data about...
U.S. Farm Bill Agriculture in the United States has grown progressively centralized during the previous three decades. Since 2015, the bulk of the foodstuffs has come from farms with yearly revenues exceeding one million dollars (Lehrer, 2020). Generally, federal policy has aided with consolidation and the homogeneity and unfairness that...
DNA technology entails the sequencing, evaluation and cut-and-paste of DNA. Previously, DNA technology has involved an imagination that living organisms could get desirable characteristics by controlling the expression of specific genes in their DNA. However, in recent times, technology has been integrated into the production of valuable products, such as...
Introduction It is important to note that modern civilization is held primarily by the large networks of infrastructure regularly maintained and improved by humans. A sudden disappearance of humanity will mark the downfall of all human-made structures and objects, starting with the most perishable elements to the most enduring ones,...
Everyone agrees that students must know the history of their community, however, there is no such consensus on them knowing about their local community’s resources. Meanwhile, community resources help meet the needs of an area’s residents and can be used to enhance a community’s quality of life. By engaging in...
The central dogma of molecular biology postulates the formation of polypeptides and proteins from DNA by two processes called transcription and translation. The biological meaning of these processes, united by the name of protein biosynthesis, is the creation of protein structures in the body. These proteins are used from different...
Introduction The book Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow is authored by Yuval Noah Harari, a professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Harari incorporates the current abilities, achievements as well as attempts of innovation to paint a picture of future mankind. Hence, it is a brief history of...
The lymphatic system of the human body is a complex mechanism that is based on the interaction of many different cells. One of the main elements of the lymphatic system is interstitial fluid, which is also called a tissue fluid, a solution surrounding the cells of all multicellular animals, including...
Introduction DNA laboratory testing is an integral part of genetic analysis. A thorough, reliable, and correct study of the genome allows not only the identification of its qualitative composition but also the identification of potential abnormalities. It should be pointed out that DNA is genomic material inherent in many living...
It’s worth noting that the majority of bacteria own a cell layer, which normally contains one of two varieties, such as gram-positive or gram-negative. The cell layer of gram-positive microorganisms is made up of numerous coatings of peptidoglycan, which creates a hard and robust layer. Teichoic acids and phosphate are...
Clotuche is a respected archeologist who currently works for Inrap, the largest organization dedicated to archaeological research in France. He has been publishing studies on Gallo-Roman civilizations in scholarly journals for over twenty years. This particular article was featured in Britannia, a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Cambridge University Press...
The evolutionary development of life on Earth is not random but rather is based on deep causal relationships and patterns. The study of these connections helps to understand the essence of evolutionary development better and to trace the chronology of metamorphosis that occurs with life. In addition, understanding the drivers...
Cocoa bean hulls are the byproducts of the processing of nibs to chocolate. The hulls are left to form fertilizers in the plantations during cocoa processing. However, there are concerns that the leaching nutrients from decomposing hulls contribute to pollution and eutrophication (Siow, Chan, Wong, & Ng, 2022). Consequently, utilizing...
The discussion presented by Jolois related to FOXO3, a longevity gene discovered in the brains of people living longer than 100 years. This development of gene science is thrilling and inspiring for the medical and layperson community for many reasons. First, humankind has been dreaming of eternal life for many...
Fear is the basic emotion of humans and animals that allows them to respond to threats. Öhman and Mineka (2003) provide evidence that the fear of snakes is predominantly uncontrollable and originated in early mammals. These findings also explain the origin of the fear module, as well as the formation...
Inputs, also known as factors of production, are important elements used to produce such outputs as goods and services. For instance, the City of Canaveral, Florida, uses resources to generate profit through generating goods and services. Therefore, according to Mikesell (2018), a firm’s purchases that are required for service delivery...
The US and Canada are two of the world’s largest countries, requiring increased energy consumption and utilization as industrialized nations. Moreover, they necessitate industries to be completely reliant on a large volume of energy to operate within the countries and deliver products and services to other regions. The United States...
The process of understanding human behavior can be complicated because people react and respond differently based on the situations and the overall surrounding. Children make the case even more confusing since they have the potential to interpret the conditions effectively in a way their parents might fail to comprehend. In...
Adephaga are a suborder of beetles and the second-largest suborder of the Coleoptera order, with around 45,000 recorded species. The members of these species are chiefly predators in various terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and some of them, such as ground beetles (Carabidae), serve as agricultural pests’ prominent natural enemies. According...
Introduction A supportive advance toward getting what social changes would lessen the weight that aging accomplices put on society is the improvement of gerontology. Essentially, a theory is an endeavor to clarify why peculiarities happen. Aging theories empower what is known and clarify the how and the why behind the...
Introduction Many people are aware of the current and future negative effects of global warming. This problem threatens the entire planet, and each country and side of the planet faces various issues. For example, it is expected researchers that global warming will cause severe reductions in the crop in Africa,...
General Information During the Eocene, there lived Dorudon, which are the fossil ancestors of modern whales. Dorudon were similar to whales in appearance, but their anatomical structure showed a sharper, more unsoftened skeleton shape. Their primary diet consisted of small fish and mollusks, and Dorudon lived only in warm marine...
Introduction The experiment conducted for my lab report consists of two tests: iodine and emulsifiers. The objective of the experiment was to identify the difference between organic and inorganic chemicals. Both positive and negative reactions to the iodine test are included in the analysis as well. Furthermore, the experiment will...
Introduction Many countries across the world have relied on natural resources for their economic development. Different nations have varied endowments, which has often determined their economic growth and development. The industrial revolution has been a critical age because it led to massive exploitation of natural resources, which fueled growth and...
Introduction In microbiology, there are a tremendous number of microorganisms that are important to human life. Many are naturally parasitic forms and cause harm, but symbionts are essential to study. When a microorganism lives inside the human body and consumes its resources, offering practical support in return, clinicians must know...
Introduction In the recent article “New study provides the first evidence of non-random mutations in DNA,” Harry Baker (2022) discusses the findings of Grey Monroe et al. regarding non-random DNA mutations. The scholars discovered that the thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) plant’s essential genetic information is more protected than other, less...
The essence of this study lies in the peculiarities of the occurrence of rib injuries in cats. Based on the data in this article, two main factors of rib fracture manifestation are demonstrated, which are associated with traumatic and non-traumatic causes. According to the study, the appearance of rib fractures...
Sex differences in risk-taking turn out to be a common theme in many current studies. Barel et al. (2017) aim to prove the hypothesis that testosterone and cortisol have a different impact on risk-taking in men and women, and this change is related to the effectiveness of estrogen and progesterone....
Purpose The purpose of the lab is to learn how to measure maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) by a treadmill running test of participants. It also intended to demonstrate how to organize the test and provide its results via tables and graphs. Methods These two healthy male participants of the study,...
Unfortunately, today the peculiarities of the life of blue macaws are already from the category of history. There is not much information about the lifestyle of these birds since serious observations began only in the 70s of the last century, and the groups that were observed were few. Therefore, the...
Introduction It is safe to say that people have found a use for all the chemical elements of the periodic table. Synthetic elements are also used in various fields of industry and science. The modern world requires future specialists to know the basics and nuances of multiple materials. That is...
Puerto Rico, formally known as the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, is a Caribbean Island with a population of 3,142,779 people as of July 2021 (Central Intelligence Agency, n.d.). Puerto Rico has a rich culture that includes Spanish, American, and Afro-Caribbean influences (Greiner, 2018). Tropical rainforests cover part of the island’s...
It is important to note that Schlapp’s piece is heavily impacted by the worldview and paradigmatic assumptions rooted in the reversion theory, although he presents the explanation on the basis of glandular or chemical cause. The observed data by Schlapp is still based on him accepting the notion of polyphyletic...
Movement Due to the ligaments that hold bones together, the bones work as levers driven by muscles. Moreover, the shape of the skeletal system facilitates movement; for example, the small bones of the hands warrant precise action, and the small bones of feet help people adapt to any terrain. Protection...
Introduction Understanding the nature of emotions as the factors that serve not only to represent a response to a specific stimulus but also as the means of gauging an individual’s psychological well-being is central to modern psychology. Remarkably, despite being an intuitively understandable concept, the phenomenon of emotion does not...
In various research fields on biological responses and human anatomy, most individuals have developed a norm for psychologists to participate in studies concerning mental or brain operations attentively. This anticipates to concentrate more on philosophy and anatomy, but these two subjects dislocated this to psychology. Perception and sensation are two...
The United States Virgin Islands is a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea. The capital of the U.S. Virgin Islands is Charlotte, situated on St. Thomas island. The given area consists mainly of such islands as Saint Croix, Saint John, and Saint Thomas and is not more than 300...
It is impossible to learn about a country’s history and culture without understanding how it is governed. Having a basic understanding of the governance systems of two major English-speaking countries, the United Kingdom and the United States of America, is crucial. With the help of a comparison of their structure...
Knowledge of history is key to the survival of civilization. It is important to understand how people lived before and what mistakes they made that led to entire nations fading from existence. The Mayan civilization is an excellent example of a nation collapsing, and the mystery of its failure continues...
Functional asymmetry of the brain’s cerebral hemispheres is currently considered one of the main factors determining the individual characteristics of human cognitive activity. It is widely believed that the left and right hemispheres are different, control certain aspects of cognitive functions and determine certain personality traits. However, the division of...
Introduction Genome epidemiology is a relatively young but promising sphere of scientific knowledge that appeals to genetics to anticipate and cease the spread of infectious diseases. One of the innovative methods it applies to study outbreaks is whole-genome sequencing. As apparent from the name, it enables depicting of the entire...
The majority of the Thai population belongs to the Thai group (75-80%), and more than 90% rofess Buddhism. About two-thirds of the Thai group are Thais, and a third are Lao. In the Isan region, the percentage of Lao is much higher; in many areas, they constitute most of the...
The major development relevant to the selected news story is the super-power ability of colibactin and how it contributes to the destruction of other cells. The scientist who contributed to the current topic research was Emily Balskus, who discovered that in the presence of some gut bacteria, there exist some...
Summary Auxin hormone is one of the plant hormones, among other hormones, which include cytokinins, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, and ethylene. Unlike the other hormones, some of the roles of Auxin to plants include helping in the interlinkage of many behavior and processes of growth of the plants in their...
Introduction The present essay will seek to discuss the themes of sexuality and gender within the framework of modern society, as well as their relationship with structures of power, as the topic has high prominence in the anthropological discussion. For this discussion, sexuality refers to the expression and the variety...
As population of the world is rapidly growing, the issue of hunger is as relevant as ever. Although technology provides unique opportunities for most individuals, each ninth person in the world experiences hunger or lack of clear water. These facts concern scientists who want to optimize agriculture that to be...
At the end of the fifteenth century, Christopher Columbus managed to convince the royal family of Spain to equip an expedition in search of a sea route to India. The expedition was quite modest, so the trophies brought did not differ in abundance and variety. Nevertheless, cocoa beans, hammock, turkey,...
People with mental illnesses have persistent patterns of strong, inflexible cognition and respond to stimuli in unusual ways. Furthermore, certain psychological problems share characteristics with others, and individuals may simultaneously have two or more mental conditions. An individual with a personality disorder may also have another psychological illness, such as...
Introduction Chapter 2 of the book under review, whose authors are Mike Brklacich and Maureen Woodrow, provides a detailed explanation of how agriculture is adapting to the recent changes in the environment. Specifically, the authors regard the case study of the farmers from Eastern Ontario, Canada, who are adjusting their...
Chapter 9 of Rynkiewich’s Soul, Self, and Society reflects on caste, class, and ethnicity. What are caste, class, and ethnicity? Caste is the system of arranging society into groups according to their ranks. At the same time, the class can be referred to as an outstanding category. Ethnicity can be...
Sustainable agriculture is an integrative approach to livestock, fruits, and vegetable farming that makes use of soil science, agronomy, ecology, and microbiology concepts to yield foodstuffs that are better for the environment. These environment-friendly techniques limit the use of agrochemicals while encouraging the use of traditional practices that mimic the...
The psychological well-being of captive animals is essential from a moral point of view and because of the animal’s physical condition. It is well established that animals can be stressed being captivated, and their state depends on the conditions in which they are kept. Enrichment is one of the most...
Cocoa is promoted as an essential healthy ingredient for everyone regardless of their condition and diet. Chocolate is one of the most favored snacks globally purchased in gigantic amounts, taking a significant part in the Foodservice industry. However, the sustainability of the production is questionable since cocoa farming harms the...
Purpose: The primary purpose of the given experiment is to observe how specific the effects of increasing enzyme concentration, pH, and temperature are when utilizing potato juice and hydrogen peroxide. Procedure The list of ingredients with their corresponding amounts can be observed in Table 1 below. It is important to...
Study Background The study conducted by Fryxell and Doucet (1993) included beavers and their diet preferences when adjusted to the environment. The researchers explored the relationship between beavers’ functional response and diet choices in order to see how the beaver diet would change under the influence of the local environment....
Exposure to various microbial agents is one of the serious threats experienced by today’s communities. Under such circumstances, a person may develop a range of physical conditions, from minor inconveniences to severe ones. In this regard, it is vital to research the microbial-environmental interactions in order to remain prepared for...
General Information The only surviving species of the Koala family of marsupials is the Koala, which is not a bear, contrary to popular belief. The closest phylogenetic relatives of koalas are kangaroos and wombats. Koalas’ bodies are wrapped in a layer of short, gray, or less frequently brown fur, apparently...
The examination of archeological objects is interesting as it allows learning about early cultures and the interests of people who lived thousands of years ago. The Bull Headed Lyre was founded in the King’s Grave at the Ur Royal Cemetery, and its parts (the head, bread, strings, and panel) reveal...
Homo sapiens and craft are of the same age; it is based on conscious use of the exterior materials scientists can determine the level of development in a particular historical period. The craft began with stone, having existed in various ways of finding and splitting pieces of rock for about...
Introduction The shipping industry has existed for centuries, and it is still used for intercontinental transportation. The Arctic contains rich oil and gas reserves, which are actively being developed (Vanhatalo et al., 2021). Furthermore, there is an increased interest in Arctic tourism, resulting in more ships in this place (Vanhatalo...
Introduction The methodology of the present experiment is built on the use of quantitative methods of analysis to study an artificial ecosystem. A brief overview of the entire experiment is that critical changes were consistently measured as a function of time for an aquarium prepared at week 9 with a...
Spindle fibers are known for forming a protein structure responsible for splitting genetic materials in a cell. In the nuclear division, fibers are also required in chromosome division from a parental cell into multiple daughter cells. During the mitosis division, the spindle fibers are called mitotic and meiotic in the...
Responding to the dual store model of memory, the model of human memory has three main components; sensory registers, working memory, also known as short term memory, and long-term memory (LTM). The model shows that information enters the sensory registers even when the person is not mentally active and stays...
Sexual behavior is characterized as a complex mental, social and physiological process. A particularly strong influence on the formation of this aspect is exerted not only by the immediate environment but also by environmental factors. Sexual perception varies depending on age, gender and personality traits. Studies also define such behavior...
The sense of smell in humans, and in primates in general, is relatively poorly developed. Nevertheless, it’s role should not be underestimated. It is extremely important for a person, since one of the functions of the sense of smell is to prevent dangers that are invisible to other senses (sight...
This paper discusses the concept of convergent evolution and related structures. Convergent evolution describes the emergence of analogous or similar traits in different species but cannot be attributed to the presence of a common origin; that is, the analogy does not entail homology. There may be a phenotypic likeness; in...
Introduction Zinc is a chemical element, a micronutrient vital to life, and is one of the most widely used metals. Zinc is of considerable commercial and health-related significance. It is an essential and irreplaceable trace element in the human body, which helps cure and prevent some diseases. However, the issue...
Beta-sitosterol is a substance found in plants and is normally called plant sterol ester while, Gamma Oryzonal is found in fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds. It is often used for lowering cholesterol level and improving symptoms of an enlarged prostate. Whereas gamma Oryzanol is a compound extracted from rice bran...
Burmese pythons were introduced there by an invasive method. They feed on other animal species such as birds, crocodiles, and mammals. This type of snake is common in South Florida in the Everglades National Park (Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, n.d.). Currently, it is noticed that this species is...
The olfactory system contains four major components that form the olfactory path. The first component, the olfactory receptor, also called the smell receptor, consists of millions of cluster receptor cells called the olfactory epithelium situated at the back of the nasal cavity. The olfactory sensory neurons provide a connection of...
A neuron is at rest when not sending signals. The resting membrane potential of a neuron is approximately -70millivolt. This indicates that the inside of the neuron is approximately 70millivolt less than the outside. When the neuron is at rest, there is more sodium outside the neuron and more ions...
For monitoring waterfowl within particular wetland areas identified on the attached map, twenty-four sites will be chosen. Sites’ accessibility and evenly distribution around the wetland, along with the opportunity to view waterfowl across a large area, have determined their selection. In addition, the choice of these sites is explained by...
The respiratory system is a set of organs that provide external respiration in the body and several critical non-respiratory functions. Systema respiratorium serves to deliver inhaled air through the lungs oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide. In addition to the lungs, namely: the nasal cavity and pharynx, then...
Since the advent of intelligence tests in the early 20th century, the relationship between race and intellect has been the subject of debate in both popular science and research literature. However, such tests demonstrate the disparities in average IQ scores between self-identified people of different races or nations. There is...
Although the formula of H2O is relatively simple, this compound is still not fully understood. A large number of types and uses of water greatly expands the range of possible investigations. Water has a number of unique and animating properties, one of which is its high heat capacity. It is...
Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift Within the framework of modern geodynamics, it is proved scientifically and empirically that the surface of the Earth is divided into several plates. The Earth’s exterior looks like a mosaic embracing eight large and six small plates completely covering it. The boundaries of the lithospheric...
One area where genetic technology using DNA works for the benefit of society is medicine. The rapid development of these technologies creates many opportunities for understanding the human body and the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The information available through genomic medicine can change many lives, influence different decisions of...
The human species originated from humanlike creatures of the hominids group that has a scientific name of Homo-sapiens. Scientific evidence suggests that first primitive Homo-sapiens appeared around 300,000 years ago. The further evolution and migration process of Homo-sapiens started approximately between 70,000 to 100,000 years ago. This essay will answer...
Breathing is one of the essential processes of the body that sustains life along with the cardiovascular and neural activities. More specifically, it is responsible for the intake and absorption of the oxygen, which, in turn, is supplied into the rest of the organs through blood. When it comes to...
Food allergy is quite a significant problem for the healthcare system of the US. More than ten percent of the country’s population is susceptible to food allergies of different kinds (Zhao et al., 2019). There are several reasons for allergic reactions’ emerging, and gut dysbiosis is one of them. The...
Gammon, D. E., & Tovsky, A. C. (2021). A cross-sectional field study of fall song in Northern Mockingbirds Mimus polyglottos. Journal of Ornithology, 162(2), 461-468. There are several reasons why the current article can be considered a reliable source for my project. First of all, the Journal of Ornithology is...
Introduction Anthropology as a study of evolution gives a broad understanding of the human experience and the different aspects that explain the lives of other human groups who lived thousands of years ago. Anthropology studies the diet, health, bones, and genetics of humans and, in some cases comparing humans with...
It is important to note that modern human civilization is high energy-dependent, which means that energy is a key determining factor of human prosperity. However, energy can come from a wide range of different sources, some of which are not as environmentally friendly as others. Although the majority of energy...
The circulatory system pumps blood via a network of arteries every time the heartbeats. These muscular, fluid tubes are responsible for transporting blood to the whole body. The superior vena cava and inferior blood veins transport oxygen-depleted blood from the left ventricle to the right atrium. Just the open tricuspid...
Japan is a parliamentary constitutional monarchy that protects its economic interests through positive relationships with other countries. Since Japan has low corruption rates, it offers opportunities for successful foreign direct investment (FDI) without considerable financial risk. The country is characterized as a collectivistic high-power distance society emphasizing group interests and...
Blood and its transportation in the human body are vital for human life, health, and well-being. It provides the cells of the body with oxygen, necessary nutrients, hormones, removes carbon dioxide from cells, and delivers waste to the liver and kidneys. Blood also plays a crucial function in regulating body...
Summary The exploration of the universe with all its complex elements is the fundamental driver of the progress and development of humanity. This process is possible through the presence of various scientific disciplines that aim to cover the multi-faceted phenomena of nature. Biochemistry represents the nexus between the two fundamental...
In the news story, the connection between the human sense of smell and avoidance behavior is discussed. The authors claim that previously the human reaction to unpleasant odors was believed to be a conscious cognitive response. However, the researchers at Karolinska Institute created a method allowing to measure the impulses...
Every day, the individual is confronted with a tremendous amount of visual noise, which has no informative value whatsoever, but it overwhelms the perception of visual channels. Consequently, even without focusing on specific details, individuals can become overworked just because of the excess noise and interference around them. To avoid...
The primary goal of the article analyzed was to define the patterns of inactivation of the infectious proteins knows as “prions” of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) from cattle, mice, hamsters, and humans. The hypothesis outlined by the researchers was the assumption that the inactivation of the aforementioned prions had to...
Describe Metabolism, Catabolism, and Anabolism and Explain Their Role in the Body The broad definition of metabolism suggests that the subject matter includes the entirety of the processes within a body required to sustain life in an organism. Being extremely complex, metabolism involves multiple stages, one of which is represented...
The statement that the left hemisphere controls language is wrong since the activity of the hemisphere is imbalanced. Thus, this is most evident in individuals, where the right hemisphere regulates spatial awareness and manages the opposite side of the brain. In contrast, the left hemisphere handles logical thinking and motor...
General Information Much later than Mesohippus lived the horse species Merychippus, which inhabited the territory of modern North America about 17 million years ago. Despite the teeth modification, the diet of Merychippus is still herbaceous. Remarkably, Merychippus was the species of ancient horses that gave rise to parallel subspecies: apparently...
The article by Li et al. presents a study that reveals many aspects of in-depth research processes behind innovative technologies. The focus of the study is a type of enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction residue (REAE) called okara – a pulp made of soybeans after they are processed (Li et al., 2020)....
Background Humans function through sensory nerves and organs that coordinate with the brain to bring emotions and perform physical activities. The primary senses include taste, vision, hearing, touch, and smell. Smell describes how individuals perceive scents; the concept describes eyesight, hearing is the ability to perceive sound, touch involves contact,...
Testes and ovaries – both testes and ovaries are called gonads, which are the primary reproductive organs. They produce gametes, where the testes in male and ovaries in female produce sperms and ova respectively. Rete testis and rete ovarii – these reproductive organs are homologues where the rete ovarii is...
Biofuel refers to any fuel obtained from biomass, for instance, algae material, and animal or plant waste, including natural gas, oil, and coal. On the other hand, fossil fuels are formed naturally from decomposing plants and animals (Carneiro et al., 2017). An excellent example is corn which is converted to...
A detailed study of the regularities of chemical molecule interactions at both the molecular and electronic levels allows summarizing the available knowledge and identify key trends qualitatively. Among others, it is of research value not only to generalize but also to identify the potential of reaction pathways and bias effects...
Mendel’s law of segregation claims that the two alleles for each trait of a diploid organism split in the process of gamete formation and that during the formation of new zygotes, the alleles will randomly combine with other alleles. Genotype is the totality of all the genes of an organism,...
The grey squirrel is a mammal that is native to the United States and some provinces of Canada. Due to its grey fur, the squirrel frequently occurs in city environments since the color increases the species’ survival rate in urban conditions. As a consequence, these animals and their behavior are...
Genetic research has expanded the bandwidth of opportunities for addressing an array of issues associated with managing the threats of genetic mutations and their negative outcomes. However, with the rise in genetic research, the discovery and further use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have occurred (Seralini 2). Though GMOs have...
General Information The humpback whale is a typical representative of cetaceans, which despite their underwater life, are also mammals. In evolutionary terms, whales are ancient mammals that returned to life underwater, which means their bodies were adapted to high pressure. Humpback whales are thought to inhabit all of Earth’s oceans...
In the first stage of research, the test material – contents of the intestines – is diluted with saline in proportion of 1 to 10, so that the solutions in dilution range from 10-1 to 10-8 are prepared. From each dilution, inoculations of different mediums are made, such as Endo...
Synthetic production of alkyl Alkyl halides, popularly known as haloalkanes or halogenoalkanes, are chemical compounds comprising at least one halogane. Although there is no clear differentiation, they are a distinctive subset of halocarbons. The compounds are widely used in different industries and, consequently, are identified by various names (Kursunlu et...
When a person ages, their skin becomes less smooth and firm, body parts begin to ache, muscles lose their strength, and other issues like forgetfulness or inability to do daily activities with ease may appear. Overall, since it is impossible for all living creatures to avoid aging, people’s purpose is...
Introduction The taxonomy of the animal world is an essential concept for understanding how all living species are linked. Species are organized and categorized according to the Linnaeus system based on shared traits. For some, understanding the natural world – the landscape, plants, wildlife, climates, and natural variability – has...
The Commonwealth of Australia consists of the Australian continent and several islands, including the island of Tasmania. The capital of Australia is Canberra, and the biggest city is Sydney. Australia is a federal democratic monarchy headed by the prime minister, Scott Morrison. Nominally, the Commonwealth of Australia was reigned by...
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that have a linear or branched structure, containing only simple bonds. They include only single bonds between C-C atoms in a molecule, i.e., containing the maximum amount of hydrogen (Ackerman et al., 2018). All alkanes are substances that are similar in physical and chemical properties and...
Introduction There are a lot of myths and stereotypes about the minor role of bats on our planet. It is commonly argued by many people that bats are pests, the existence of which does not make any sense. However, such kind of assumptions are inherently wrong and downplay the importance...
Introduction Witless Bay Seabird Ecological Reserve is a seabird habitat located in the coastal waters of Newfoundland and Labrador. The reserve contains four seabird colonies located on Green Island, Gull Island, Pee Pee Island, and Great Island. The four islands make the reserve for thousands of seabird species, such as...
General Introduction Fossils from the Late Devonian period, supposedly more than 360 million years old, were found in rocks in East Greenland. The fossils of this ancient animal made it clear that it had a generally developed system of fingers and limbs, so the species was quickly classified as a...
The spread of poverty also has a negative impact on the environment. As the situation of citizens improves, they have a greater impact on nature, as they begin to consume more material goods. That is why the main goal of sustainable development is the introduction of renewable resources. Eradicating poverty...
The sphere of biology is constantly developing as researchers and scientists around the world make new discoveries and create new technological solutions which benefit the entire humanity. One of the most notable breakthroughs of the past decades was the creation of genetic fingerprinting, which enabled biotechnology to make considerable progress....
Denaturation is the process of breaking down the secondary and tertiary structures of a protein by external factors such as temperature. As a result of denaturation, the complex spatial structure of the polymer is broken down to the primary chain of amino acids. Denaturation can be reversible when after returning...
Nowadays, the significant progress of health and medicine science leads to the disclosure of the new “chapter” of humans’ knowledge about themselves. However, some advancements are so unbelievable that scientists do not know how to interpret the information and implement it into future studies. In this case, the authors of...
Most people in society believe that a mother must behave in a specific way around their newborns. However, some current research discredits such a belief, citing that it is biologically unsupported and only socially and historically grown. Historically, society believes that women have instinctive longing to have children and can...
Executive functions are a complex term used as an umbrella for various hypothesized cognitive processes such as planning, memory, attention, inhibition, and self-monitoring performed by the prefrontal lobe. Abstract reasoning is an executive function that helps the human body reach a logical conclusion without physical data, concrete phenomena, or specific...
Summary of Part Four The Church openly states its commitment to the protection of the sanctity of human life and therefore advocates against the use of any type of contraceptives. Essentially, the defense of the Church extends to the unborn, as well as to women during and after pregnancy. The...
There are many theories on how human development through different stages of life affects an individual’s life and mental health. From the moment the first human development theory occurred, society took multiple attempts to define the exact stages of progression in human development, enhancing the previous ideas. This essay will...
Color blindness, or color deficiency, occurs when an individual is unable to distinguish between certain colors and belongs to the most widespread genetic disorders. This happens “in an X-linked recessive pattern,” as the genes, and mutations that are responsible for the defect, OPN1LW, OPN1MW, and OPN1SW, reside in the X...
