2444 samples of this type
Scenario One An LCL shipment of motor vehicle parts from a UK manufacturer to an importer in Johannesburg, South Africa. The goods will travel by sea in a multi-modal ship, using the DDP Johannesburg Incoterm. This is the required documentation. Pro-forma Invoice: This is a document that is sent by...
Introduction In his paper entitled “Capital Mobility and Economic Performance: Are Emerging Economies Different?”, Edwards (2000) explores whether capital mobility influences different factors related to economic growth or not. His preliminary analysis focuses on arguing viewpoints of his colleagues that prove that capital mobility and the expansion of a country’s...
There are a plethora of people who occupy such low-income positions as waiters, housecleaners, nannies, and so on. These individuals receive minimum wages that should cover their primary needs (food, utilities, and clothing). If the government considers raising the paychecks of citizens who work at low-income jobs, the quality of...
Underlying Theme The book Freedomnomics by John Lott Jr. is an exploratory work of the economic principles that underlie the functioning of modern society. Much like Donahue and Levitt in their book Freakonomics, Lott Jr. makes his point by making an unexpected claim and providing astonishing yet scientifically accurate evidence...
Abstract This paper provides the discussion of a training evaluation model that was selected for analyzing the success of the program implemented in EFG Amalgamated. The focus is on describing Jack Phillips’ evaluation model that provides information regarding the return on investment as the main measure to assess the initiative’s...
Introduction FDI is a form of “investment inflows that involve obtaining a lasting interest by a resident entity of one economy in an enterprise that is resident in another economy” (Reinert 2011, p. 67). The lasting interest means that a long-term relationship exists between a foreign investor and a local...
Introduction Democracy can be defined as a political regime that is characterized by the supreme power belonging to people. The opposition is an autocracy, which is a region where all the power belongs to one person. The promotion of democracy tends to boost hopes for the improvement of the level...
Article Discussion The article Advantages and disadvantages of IFRS compared to GAAP by Anna Jordan aims at giving a complete picture of the ongoing switch to the new reporting system in the United States. While the author does not summarize its statements or try to weight the listed arguments and...
Introduction Organizations in all industries are interested in maintaining their levels of competitiveness for continued delivery of value to their owners (shareholders). In fact, “any organization in today’s fast moving environment that is looking for the pace of change to slow is likely to be sorely disappointed” (Bertscherk and Kaiser...
What is GDP? Gross domestic product (GDP) is a measure of the value of all services and goods produced in a certain period of time. If GDP is negative, the contraction of the economy occurs, while if it is positive, the growth of the economy is observed (“Gross Domestic Product,”...
In most cases, if it is about financial pyramids, unstable, and usually rather weak market economies are meant. At the same time, when financial relations were not yet typical for the population, and the majority of people started to master the capitalist principles of the market, the chances for fraudsters...
Normative vs. Positive Analysis Economics, at large, belongs to the sphere of academia. Still, economists often perform consulting, analytic, advisory, and other roles. Consequently, it is critical that an economist is skillful at making statements and judgments on the function of government policies and can evaluate them to determine the...
Introduction China’s Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) is an organization intended to support infrastructural development in the region. Despite its evident positive implications, several major actors, including the U.S. and Japan, voiced their disproval of the endeavor. The following paper outlines three global connections related to the phenomenon. Economic Growth...
This paper is a summary of the Distinguished Lecture on Economics in Government: Exchange Rate Regimes: Is the Bipolar View Correct? article published in The Journal of Economic Perspectives in 2001. The article by Stanley Fischer describes the problems of reforming the global financial system. Precisely speaking, he notes that...
Recent Investments The presented article opens with a review of recent investments at the time of its writing. The authors state that the position of the United States as the largest investor and recipient of foreign direct investment is unique and only second to the European Union as a whole....
Raul Prebisch was an Argentinean economist who contributed greatly to the international debates on economic development in the period between the 1940s and the 1970s. Although he was a theorist, he is known more as an economic diplomat who contributed significantly to debates in regards to development and international trade...
“Middle East Oil in Uncertain Times” is a presentation by Bassam Fattouh, which is dedicated to the specifics of the dynamics in the global oil sector. The presentation reviews the most recent trends in the sector, provides illustrative examples, and makes relevant suggestions on the potential responses of the countries...
The problem of deficiency in relation to the national budget and financing the social spheres is typical for many countries. Therefore, the most controversial question is the choice between funding the social sphere and fighting the poverty in the country and improving the national defense. In spite of the fact...
Introduction Security measures can enhance the supply of goods and the transportation of people for trade. After September 11, attacks many people, companies and the government have been putting effort in protecting of U.S from terrorists attacks. The attacks greatly affected trade globally as the supply chain was affected due...
Introduction China is growing at an unprecedented rate in the history of the world. It stands to cause ripples in the world as its presence in various aspects of the global economy grows. The policies that the Chinese government makes going into the future have to reflect on a globalization...
Introduction Globalization is an aspect that has changed the way national and international businesses are carried out; it is an aspect that has totally removed barriers between countries, encouraging cross-national business to take place. At the same time, globalization has encouraged most companies, specifically from developed countries to initiate business...
Introduction The rate of unemployment is one of the elements that determine how well or poor a country is performing about the established global average levels. Joblessness is a multifaceted social and economic aspect that influences the performance of other sectors such as health and education. In this regard, an...
Nowadays, the development of air, rail, and road transport contributed to the development the worldwide delivery of the products. As for the fabrication, it might be conducted nationally and internationally while the whole process involves various matters such as intellectual capital, sophisticated design, and manufacturing. In this case, the maintenance...
Beijing: Role of Private Sector and Privatization The history of privatization in Beijing is somewhat recent, as the city entered the sphere of the market economy at the end of the twentieth century (Yang et al. 522). The market-oriented housing reform significantly affected the place of public housing in the...
Introduction Alhakimi and Peoples in their article “Foreign Direct Investment and Domestic Wages in the USA” from 2009 examine how foreign direct investment affects wages in the United States. The correlation between the two has been examined in a variety of articles with similar titles. In recent years, this question...
Marschall’s Economics Alfred Marshall was one of the most influential economists of the mid-nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth. His Principles of Economics brought ideas of supply and demand, production costs, and marginal utility into a coherent economic framework that is still relevant today. What is important to...
To explicitly analyze the current economic condition, it is vital to consider the financial status of major investment banks and financial institution in the United States of America. In a study by Lahart, (2007) ‘the financial institutions include: sub-prime and prime mortgages industries, Wall Street markets, the Lehman brothers, Citibank...
Introduction Foreign aid of different form and size has been given to a multitude of countries suffering from various crises. Since, in most cases, the amount of money provided as financial aid can be as large as several million dollars (or even several billion dollars in the long term), it...
Introduction Most governments across the world have applied some of the remedies prescribed by the 19th century economists. Some of the solutions applied include progressive tax rates, low population growth rates, minimum wage rates, and educational training. These remedies appear inadequate in preventing the prevalence of income inequality. Even in...
Work attitudes Sheehy recounts his encounter with workers with a “don’t-care attitude” during his undercover activities. These workers only completed the assigned task because they needed to get paid, and as such, they were less concerned about how they performed tasks. They did not feel the need to be responsible...
The “One Belt, One Road” (OBOR) initiative is a program that opens a drastically new perspective to the global communities. The essence of this program is to form, establish, and promote international partnership and development. It is to be achieved through the strengthening of the existing regional bipartite and two-sided...
Introduction When it comes to assessing the significance of a particular literary work, concerned with the matters of political economy, it is important to define the measure of the contained ideas’ systemic integrity, in the sense of how they correlate with the ’cause-effect’ (or dialectical) principle of analytical reasoning. The...
Introduction Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is a socio-economic and political pact, which consists of six of the Middle East nations including Saudi, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, Arabia, and Oman. Founded in Riyadh Saudi Arabia on May 1981, the GCC has been keen on safeguarding the interest of its...
GDP growth is a standard economic indicator that is used to measure the economic growth in a country by dividing the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by the number of the country’s citizens. The higher the GDP, the better is the country’s economic performance and, presumably, the quality of life in...
Introduction A handful of merits of targeting customers in emerging markets are identifiable since the inception of such a strategy by business enterprises. The form of the target is often based on the approach proposed and justified by Professor C.K Prahalad, who has a heart for admirable business. The recent...
Executive Summary The finance market is made up of different institutions that play different roles that are complementary or totally different. Whenever businesses require more money that they do not have, they are entitled to borrow from other institutions without forgetting that they are profit making organization. Different financing options...
International expansion is a process of creation of a single world market, based on the exchange of goods and capital, broader access to foreign goods; active development of trade and industrial relations, widening the cultural exchange, the increase of information flows between geographically remote regions. It goes without saying that...
Introduction Microfinance in its basic definition refers to a concept of providing small loans to the underprivileged people to help them in establishing a range of income generating activities with an aim of getting them out of poverty. For more than 30 years, microfinance has been touted as an important...
The Power Shift in State/ Firm Bargaining The relationship between states and multinationals is rather important. Even though there is no way to determine the effect of development on multinationals, one should not overlook the fact that the vital part of this relationship is how government arbitrates this relationship (Haslam...
Financial crisis 2008 is a critical debate today due to its significant effects on the economy. Most importantly is the fact that there exists a close connection between financial crises and liquidity of banks. The study will demonstrate that before the crises the banking sector experienced an unusual positive creation...
Introduction Globalization is defined as a concept that refers to expanding network of international economic activities resulting from increased movement of commodities, technology and information across national boundaries. Globalization as a process, therefore, ensures that the state retains the political role while the economic functions of the state are being...
Introduction: The Digital Age and Its Challenges The recent technological breakthrough that has been witnessed over the past few decades has clearly heralded a new epoch. A range of IT innovations, particularly, those that allow for global communication, has become ubiquitous, altering people’s lives on a variety of levels. However,...
In 2008, the global financial crisis took place. It had started with the financial meltdown in the US financial markets. It is considered that the crisis’s emergence is caused by multiple factors: the overall cyclic recurrence of the economy, the overload of the credit and the stock markets, the high...
Introduction Student loan debt is not just a problem for individuals in the United States. It is equally a concern for the society as a whole. According to Bennett and Wilezol (2013), the fact that graduates have to spend most of what they earn to pay up their loans denies...
One of the major events of 2016 was Britain’s surprise decision to exit the European Union. Signaling major changes in the British economy, Brexit had immediate consequences for the political and economic stability of the region. However, as the process of Brexit will take quite some time to complete, it...
Balanced Government Budget A balanced government budget is a budget, in which expenditures are on the same level as revenues; however, a budget can also be considered balanced if the expenditures are smaller compared to revenues. In this environment, there is generally no deficit, although there could be a surplus...
The Group of Twenty unites the leaders of twenty major world economies and is aimed at promoting the cooperation able to improve the international financial stability. As the G20 economies comprise nearly eighty percents of the world trade, the annual summit plays a vital role in setting the trends for...
Introduction Austerity measures simply refer to the reduction of government spending in order to regulate public debt, especially when the country is at a risk of going bankrupt. In other words, austerity measures are stringent measures enforced by the state to bring public expenditure in line with the revenue (Manuel,...
Introduction Import substitution industrialization (ISI) is a “trade and economic policy based on the premise that a country should reduce its dependence on imports through local production of industrial goods” (Barrett, 2008, p. 96). Countries that pursue the ISI strategy often implement trade protection policies that restrict importation of manufactured...
The Modern Organization The modern corporations are viewed through theories developed after the Industrial Revolution. Max Weber and Karl Marx shared this view. Max Weber wrote an essay about bureaucracy. His work crystallized the understanding of the organizational structure of a firm, the understanding that would last for generations. His...
Introduction Evolutionary economics is mainly concerned with the study of the processes involved in the transformation of global and local markets. The field focuses on economic changes in relation to industries, firms, and institutions. It also analyses the impacts of these developments on employment, trade, growth, and production (Dopfer, 2005)....
Statement of Thesis Over the past few years, environmental issues in general and the issue of carbon emission in particular have gained impressive significance. In order to prevent the CO2 emissions from destroying the ozone layer and slacken down the process of ozone depletion, two major methods of reducing the...
Credit card debt is a phenomenon that is characteristic of the U.S. economy and banking system because the U.S. households prefer using credit cards and regularly report credit card debts. In this context, it is important to examine what factors can influence the increases in borrowings and accumulations of debts....
Democracy and Successful National Economic Performance: India Case There is a strong tie between the political regime of the country and its national economic performance while these elements tend to be interdependent. This assumption implies that one will cause the development or stagnation of another and vice versa. Consequently, in...
Introduction This paper is looking into the case of the financial crisis, which results in an economic recession and the further sustained and recovery effects with the main references made to the case of the Great Recession of 2008 in America. Unemployment, income, and other economic inequalities have been cited...
Introduction Knowing the different roles that family members play in decision-making concerning purchases is not enough. In addition, it is important to understand why certain family members directly influence decisions of the household, while others do so indirectly. At the same time, being familiar with the latest trends in role...
Data / Year 2011 2012 2013 GDP (current US$). 7,492,432,097,810 8,461,623,162,714 9,490,602,600,148 Population, total 1,344,130,000.0 1,350,695,000.0 1,357,380,000.0 GDP per capita (current US$) 5,574.2 6,264.6 6,991.9 FDI inflows 280,072,219,149.9 241,213,868,161.4 290,928,431,467.0 FDI outflows (% of GDP) 1.3 1.4 1.7 Balance of Payments 136,097,000,000 215,392,000,000 182,807,000,000 Imports 459.4 487.7 530.4 Exports 761.8...
Executive summary The aim of this research project was to critically analyse Topshop and Matalan with the view of identifying the firm that is most appropriate for investment by Caifu Investments Ltd. The analysis shows that Matalan is a small firm that is easy to control. On the other hand,...
Introduction Speculators in the telecommunication industry provide information on the bright future of the sector. The telecommunication industry is a wide sector in every country and calls for massive investment from both public and private investors. There are several countries, which leads to the list of the advanced countries in...
Introduction Foreign direct investment is usually defined as ownership or control of 10% or more of the voting securities of a United States business by a foreign person or company, as well as equivalent investments into a US-owned company. The presented article analyzes the changes in foreign direct investment in...
Introduction The problem of carbon emission into the atmosphere is highly associated with the greenhouse effect that has become a paradox in the world’s environmental economics. Carbon dioxide gas is one of the heat trapping gases that cause the greenhouse effect in the world. The impacts of carbon emission based...
Planning is an indispensable part of the process of managing any organization, a governmental organization in particular. Furthermore, to manage one, it is pivotal to create a budget of the organization or activity in question. A budget can be defined as a financial plan which includes items that need to...
The European debt crisis poses a significant challenge to the economic stability of the European Union. Since economic stability is the basis of the European Union, the economic crisis seems to threaten a robust relationship that exists among member states. Currently, the European debt crisis has revived the need for...
The cross-national integration into the world community, which is also known as the globalization process, has been the focus of people’s attention since the middle of the 20th century. The rapid technological progress that has been witnessed over the past few decades seems to have heralded the era of globalization....
The beaver population was significantly affected by the actions of Indians. As a matter of fact, the experts argue regarding the possible reasons that caused depletion. The major purpose of the paper is to discover the economic factors of the beaver depletion in Canada in the eighteenth century. The territory...
Introduction The aim of the paper is to study immigrant labor market in Canada. In particular, the paper aims to compare the average earnings of an immigrant group, the other immigrant groups, and the Canadian-born citizens in order to understand the wage difference between the three groups based on gender...
Introduction Privatisation of the state-owned enterprises, whether understood from broad or narrow sense, has been highly advocated for particularly by the western governments and the Bretton Woods institutions. The main reason for privatisations is that the state-owned enterprises are poorly performing and inefficient particularly in services delivery. As such, privatisation...
The increase in taxes associated with the gambling industry in Australia cannot directly respond to the problem of gambling costs as well as to many social and moral issues. On the one hand, the increase in existing gambling taxes can lead to increasing the revenue source for the governments. Furthermore,...
In the current world, globalization can be viewed both in a social context and in economic terms. For instance, it can address the unity and international openness of people all around the world, but it can also mean global trade, international political and economic associations, and so on. Thus, the...
It is imperative to note that macroeconomic performance is a fascinating topic that is actively discussed by many scholars. The situation in Germany is especially interesting, and it is influenced by numerous internal and external factors. For instance, an increase in spending on refugees has helped to boost the economy...
Introduction Pair trade is a market-neutral trading technique. The approach helps business persons to benefit from any market conditions. It is made up of two categories of trading. The clusters include statistical arbitrage and convergence trading plan. The pair trading strategy was developed by Gerry Bamberger. In the mid-1980s, the...
Introduction The article begins with a breakdown of expenditures by foreign direct investors over the last few years. In 2016, they totaled $373.4 billion, which is lower than the $439.6 billion that was recorded in 2015 by $66.1 billion. The author notes that these numbers are above the annual average...
Describe the essential characteristics of a bond and how these characteristics interact to determine bond value, inclusive of how both the interest rate and coupon rate influence bond value and pricing. It is probable to identify bonds as the investment option of primary importance, and the proper usage of bonds...
In his TED (2004) Talk ‘What Consumers Want’ Joseph Pine questioned a common premise that modern technology will be able to provide an effective shift from mass to unique authentic experiences between the customer and the brand. Pine does not agree with the supposition that such experiences can be inauthentic,...
Underlying Theme Freakonomics by Steven Levitt and Stephen Dubner is an exploratory study of economics and the manifestation of its principles in everyday life. The main premise of the book can be described with the following quote: “Morality, it could be argued, represents the way that people would like the...
Abstract Oil prices rise and fall depending on the demand and supply of the commodity in the market. Several factors affect demand and supply and a balance of these two is required in order to keep prices stable (Hansen, 2005). Due to uncertainties in oil supply, strategic oil reserves are...
Introduction The price of goods and services is one of the factors that the consumers consider before making decisions on what they need to purchase.The law of demand shows how demand of a commodity changes as own price changes. Price elasticity of demand is an indicator of the rate at...
Introduction The Canadian government spends money on social housing through the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC). The CHMC has for a long time played a key role in implementing the government’s objective of investing in the housing market in order to provide affordable housing to Canadians. Over the last...
Problem Statement A problem of affordable housing is a burden of the American population. Although attempts are made to solve it on the federal level, they are still not efficient is some states. For example, Charlotte region of North Carolina faces a shortfall in affordable housing which is supposed to...
Introduction Oil is a natural resource and specific to a location. Oil continues to become difficult to harvest with time, as the topmost and easily available resources dwindle. Miners and explorers have to look for new technologies and examine new locations that did not feature as potential oil producing regions...
Introduction – stating the problem The Office of National Statistics (ONS) says that the rate of inflation has risen to 0.2% in December 2015. It was surprising because it became the first month when the number exceeded 0.1% of January 2015. The primary causes of this increase are seen in...
Introduction Background The banking sector remains one of the most important industries that have a significant impact on other industries within a country’s economy. According to Cornée, Karmi, and Safari, the banks provide finances needed by other sectors to run normally (498). They provide a platform for trade among large...
Basis for the EIA Support and Their Specific Benefits Having become a rather frequent occurrence in the environment of the global economy of the 21st century, economic international agreements (EIA) have reasons for being values so high by their members (Cooper, 2014). The countries that participate in EIA receive a...
In Japan, the supply of money is mainly controlled by the Bank of Japan with the help of monetary policy that is focused on inflation and interest rates. Still, during the past two decades when interest rates were extremely low, unconventional monetary policies were implemented in order to improve the...
The Relation It is hard to give a clear answer to whether democracy and economic growth are related to each other. Before analyzing this question, it is important to define the terms involved in this issue. Democracy is a system of government in which the people of the country choose...
Economists use econometric instruments in order to complete the quantitative analysis of the available economic data and determine possible relationships. Traditional econometric methods are statistical instruments associated with discussing the linear relationships and changes (Magnus, Powell, & Prufer, 2010, p. 140). The notion of the economic evolution is closely associated...
Introduction As from 2009, the Eurozone has been undergoing a monetary crisis, which calls for major austerity measures. With Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, and Italy being among the first victims of the crisis, other countries in the Eurozone are feeling threatened that economies may face the same challenges as the...
Several reports provide an indication that the US economy has been improving significantly since January 2014, providing hope to the millions of people and companies that have been affected by slowed growth rates since the end of the recession. In this article published in the New York Times, Cohen reports...
Introduction This research report covers Government Spending on Social Housing Programs in Canada. Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) acknowledges that the private housing market can meet housing needs of nearly 80% of Canadians without government involvement (Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation 1). However, the private market leaves about 20%...
Introduction Natural resources, specifically petroleum, natural gas, and minerals, have been linked to high-levels of corruption and authoritarian leadership. Bolivia, Indonesia, Belarus, and Congo among others are considered resource cursed countries (Haber and Menaldo 6). Much of political economy literature presents both theoretical and empirical arguments to understand the issue....
Introduction A housing sector that that is efficient in its performance can become an instrumental method of meeting the needs and requirements of the Canadian population. The Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation supports the financing activities linked to the housing needs of approximately eighty percent of the Canadians. Furthermore, the...
Introduction The financial crisis of 2008 had influenced the well-being and prosperity of many countries in a negative way. Together with the rest of the world, the United States of America experienced the great recession that was considered to be the worst after the Second World War. There have been...
Lessons from Serving as a Public Budgeting Leader and Manager in the Public Sector Public budgeting refers to a field of administration that revolves around the assessment of the available resources and their allocation to the various activities of a firm or organization. I have learned that public budgeting managers...
Big Mac Prices from All over the World: Minor Discrepancies Despite the fact that a lot of people view a clear connection between McDonald’s and the current economic state of the U.S., the assumption that the McDonald’s fast food affects the economy of the United States is wrong – instead,...
There were significant expectations laid on the new president after the election. The economic situation Obama had to face when becoming the president was a true disaster. The first step the new president was to take was to define the team that would be supposed to meet the challenge. Obama...
In the paper, the returns and quarterly earnings of Apple Inc. will be analyzed. The company is a component of the S&P 500 index. The analysis will be carried out for a period of 5 years. Returns The share prices for a day before and a day after the announcement...
Introduction Between the last quarter of 2007 and early 2009, the world went through a serious economic crisis that left several economies vulnerable. Greece was no exception. In 2010, following the aftermath of the 2009/2009 global crisis, Eurozone fell to the effects of the remedial measures tabled against the global...
Introduction Economic globalization is the increased economic integration and interdependence that goes beyond national, regional, and continental borders. Economic integration occurs through the globalization of production, technology, marketing, labor, and other factors of production. Economic globalization is heavily dependent on Information Communication Technology (ICT). This paper will explore the aspects...
Economics: An Article Review The article by Agrawal provides results of an empirical study of the correlation between the economic growth and the decrease in the levels of poverty in the rural areas of Kazakhstan, a country that, after a period of stagnation following the dissolution of the Soviet Union,...
World Expo is regarded as an important international venue similar to the Olympics. This world exhibition is aimed at exhibiting products, trade, and innovation that can help the humanity address the major challenges it is facing (“In Depth”). The first world exhibition took place in the middle of the 19th...
Fiscal responsibility remains one of the most important terms when it comes to the field of public administration (Cangiano, Curristine, & Lazare, 2013, p.205). Speaking about the present situation with regard to the distribution of fiscal responsibility in such country as the United States, it is necessary to say that...
Time Value of Money Time value of money (TVM) is a financial concept, which implies that money available to an individual or a company at the present time is much more valuable. The same amount of money is worth more in the present than it will be worth in the...
Chinese Banking System In the case study under analysis, Chaudhuri (2014) pays much attention to the banking system of China and the development of different banking sectors in regards to the latest changes and requirements that may occur at the local or national level. Regarding the latest achievements, existing progress,...
Introduction Probably the most notable characteristic of today’s living in the West is that there is presently a strongly defined neoliberal quality to the socioeconomic realities in Western countries, reflective of the assumption that one’s entrepreneurial freedoms cannot be restricted – even if it comes at the expense of undermining...
Introduction The United States is the nation with the highest number of vehicle ownership per driver. The country with the second largest number of personal vehicles is China, which has 69 vehicles for every 1,000 citizens, compared to 820 registered vehicles for every 1,000 US residents (World Bank, 2014). One...
Monetary actions refer to the steps that are taken by the Fed to ensure stability in the economy and the achievement of other macroeconomic objectives. The actions range from open market operations to bank rates and reserve requirements for a commercial bank. The Fed needs to administer its objective through...
Introduction Deficit spending affects the economy and labor market in various ways. A deficit occurs when the level of government’s revenue is below its spending. Apart from deficit spending, the government may decide to use surplus. In surplus spending, the expenditure is below revenue. Increase in spending may come in...
Background information The Indonesian housing market is heading towards a burst. This reality has been necessitated by economic factors that are integral to its propagation. There are numerous similarities that are evident between the Indonesian case and the United States housing bubble in 2008. Several factors were responsible for the...
Evolutionary economics has made most scholars change their view of neoclassical theory given the dynamism of understanding certain market occurrences. Technological learning has been at the centre stage of the development process since effective comprehension of changes in the economy requires co-evaluation of technologies, as well as the institutional compartments...
Introduction Foreign direct investment is guided by various theoretical approaches. Theories of FDI provide a guideline, motivation, and direction of FDI application. These theories can either be macro or micro. As the paper reveals, macro-level theories of FDI explain various macroeconomic factors that are responsible for FDI uptake. Macroeconomic theories...
Introduction Structural adjustment frameworks refer to the various economic policies that are established to function as conditions for acquiring loans from the IMF and the World Bank. According to Bird, structural adjustment policies mainly comprise frameworks that help in seeking the formation of free markets such as fiscal austerity, deregulations,...
Abstract The paper provides a critical review on a journal authored by Nichols, Raska, and Flint (2015). The authors conducted a millennial customer research on the impact of buyer humiliation on volume and worth. This journal was based on how millennial and non-millennial clients were affected by their emotional impacts...
Introduction Over the last one decade, policymakers and regulators have shown an increased and concerted effort towards mitigation of climate change. Market based pollution permit trading programs comprise the chief mitigation strategies that have been implemented to regulate industrial pollution. Tradable permit programs establish a clear price signal that serves...
Introduction Unemployment rate refers to the percentage of people within the available labour force who do have jobs and are actively looking for one (Boyes & Melvin, 2005). Unemployment rates cannot be reduced to zero, which means every economy has some level of unemployment. However, these unemployment rates are of...
Executive Summary Stock research essentially involves arriving at precise inferences on particular securities’ worth, based on the gathered legitimate information and the subsequent release of this information to investors. However, investment banks have an incentive to trade by buying undervalued stocks and selling highly-priced ones against the instructions of the...
Introduction Monopolistic competition is described as an imperfect competition where a small number of producers sell differentiated products, which are not necessarily substitutes (Borenstein, Bushnell & Stoft, 2010). Werner & Kirk-Duggan (2009) provide several explanations for this imperfection. They are of the view that the imperfection is brought about by...
There is no need to stress that after the WWII, the United Kingdom, as well as the rest of the Tripe Entente members, faced complete devastation, with most of the state being destroyed. As a result, the necessity to rebuild the British society emerged, and the creation of new residential...
The first article “Competition is Healthy for Governments, Too” by Gregory explains why competition is necessary for the government if it is provide quality services to the citizens. To begin with, the author argues that competition is important for markets to thrive and achieve their gains. Competition provides businesses with...
Abstract This paper demonstrates the use of financial data for financial analysis. The objective is to carry out a broad financial analysis for an actual company. It explores the various techniques and tools used for financial analysis. In the analysis, we use financial data for Hellenic Community Trust for five...
Introduction Economic performance is attributed to the association between various socio-political and legal institutions that have specific contributions to gross domestic products (GDPs) of different countries. The role of institutions in the society has been studied in different disciplines including social sciences, economics, philosophy, politics, and geography. This essay provides...
Summary of the Article The article “So, We Meet Again: The Greek Crisis” emphasizes the core issues that the European Union [EU] is considering in determining how to resolve the Greek financial crisis. According to the article, most citizens in the European Union are of the opinion that Greece should...
Introduction Nowadays, businesses owned by the representatives of the so-called First World often try to persuade the public in their benevolence, respect to human rights, sustainability, etc. However, when their foreign production facilities are examined, it often comes to light that these companies engage in the harsh exploitation of workers...
Introduction The People’s Republic of China has marked an impressive economic development over the last few decades. This great advancement has helped to steer the country to the top in matters regarding the global economy. According to recent reports on global economy, China has overtaken other powerful Western and European...
Why did Belarus decide to abolish the currency trading restriction? The reasons for Belarus to lift the existing currency trade restrictions are rather basic; according to the statement issued by the state’s financial authorities, the given strategy will allow for improving the current economic state of the country. Indeed, as...
The national Australia bank has many programs which help it to adhere to the ethical regulations which govern all businesses in Australia. For example, in 2004, the bank launched a customer relationship management system which enabled it to win the Cap Gemini financial innovations award in 2006. It also launched...
Introduction Since the Second World War, the United States has been working hard to overcome the deepest as well as the longest recession it has ever faced (UN, 2011). However, on its way to recovery, the country has experienced a very slow speed. The growth that was experienced in 2010...
The economy of China is one of the fastest growing economies in the world with “an estimated annual growth rate of 10 percent per annum from 1978 to 2005,”, as Naughton stated (34). China has the highest population in the world, with an estimated 1.3 billion people, according to the...
Introduction Globalization has led to the emergence of numerous trends and challenges for business operations in the 21st Century economies. The contemporary business environment is more dynamic due to the effects of the high rate of globalization. Most economies in the world are growing on a worldwide scale, thus increasing...
Synopsis The article under consideration entitled “Introduction: Inclusion and Exclusion in the Global Arena” is a piece of writing by Max Kirsch taken from the book written by the same author. The article was published by Routledge in 2007. The author introduces information about the controversial nature of globalization in...
The Fed has gained a positive image in the eyes of the public, but this is a misrepresentation of the actual picture with reference to the Fed’s actual performance. The Fed is “a private organization consisting of private banks and it is charged with the responsibility of managing the flow...
Introduction Oil exploitation comes with direct benefits such as improved tax revenues, employment opportunities, and royalty payments. However, oil exploitation has many costs as well, including environmental damages. In Canada, oil sands, oil, and gas exploitation in the Western provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and British Columbia has increased in...
Introduction A primary goal of the global community is to promote an economic system that will foster widespread growth and development for all nations. To help achieve this, economists have advocated for trade liberalization and a deeper integration through world trade. However, the prosperity promised by global interaction has not...
The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) as a federal aid is developed to meet a lot of economic and social goals and to increase the level of nutrition of the low-income population, to contribute to the effective marketing and distribution of products and food, and to reinforce the country’s agricultural...
Japan Tobacco Inc. is one of the largest tobacco companies that operates in a large number of countries in Africa, Asia, Middle East, Europe, as well as Northern America. In Europe, JTI has been an important player for sustaining the economy of the countries, especially Bulgaria. The company sees a...
There are fundamental concerns, issues, and resolutions arising from the association of the communities living across the world as a global community. They merge to form a self-sustaining system that facilitates further developments related to their mutual capabilities and abilities. These aspects termed as globalization make them massive and undefeatable...
Abstract Transportation is one of the key factors that drive any country’s economy. An industrialized nation such as the US relies heavily on transportation and logistics system for its economic growth. Statistical findings indicate that the system contributes about 10 percent to the US GDP. The developments in the US...
Introduction Germany, Greece, and the U.A.E are notable economies in Europe and the Middle East. Many countries have emulated their economic models (The Global Economy 2015). For example, Saudi Arabia has tried to emulate the U.A.E’s diversification strategy to decrease its reliance on the energy sector (The Global Economy 2015)....
According to the standards developed by Ernst & Young and titled as the Globalization Index (“HK, Singapore: top 2 most globalized economies, 2010), cannot be viewed as a fully objective instrument for measuring the extent, to which a state has succeeded in the process of becoming globalized. Instead, the index...
The article “High Line Living” by Vivian Marino, a columnist at The New York Times, describes a luxurious penthouse at the High Line that is due to be on sale in the nearest future. The penthouse is situated in a glass-steel fourteen-story building in Chelsea and currently costs $22.95 million....
Introduction Merger is one of the most common business practices in the current competitive market. According to Van (2010), as firms struggle to manage challenges in the market, they find it more beneficial operating as large entities other than small business units. They get to enjoy economies of scale and...
Abstract The economy of the United States has gone a long and difficult way from being weak and completely dependent on the outside factors to being represented by a set of rigid yet efficient rules and a number of entrepreneurships ranging from SMEs to global enterprises. When considering the effects...
Introduction Although the statement about a direct link between transportation and the economic balance of the United States might seem somewhat farfetched, the two are, in fact, related to each other quite closely. A brief overview of the factors that gear the American economy towards prosperity will reveal that the...
Introduction It is important to mention that regional growth is a topic that has been actively discussed over the last few years, and it is especially true for such areas as Asia that are still actively developing. Some of the recent events need to be mentioned to get an understanding...
Brazil is becoming an economic powerhouse in the world today. This country has continued to enjoy a stable economic growth for the past 15 years (Sachs). Brazil has been opposing the industrialized world on many issues such as global warming and climate change. Brazil embraces the best economic practices and...
The economic, financial, and political situation in Italy can be discussed as affecting the development of the tourism and hospitality industry in Italy significantly because the changes in the economic environment influence the businesses’ growth, profitability, and competitiveness; the aspects in the financial policies influence the possibility of investing into...
The significant shifts in the development of global trade in the 20th century provoked the emergence of the new phenomena in the international trade organization. The regional free trade agreements can be regarded as one of these phenomena. The free trade concept was introduced in “Theory of Comparative Advantage” by...
Introduction This paper entails a critical analysis of some issues encountered in international business. The issues are based on some questions are illustrated herein. Questions Why are governments in today’s world liberalizing cross-border movement of goods, services, and resources? Governments have a responsibility to ensure that the diverse macroeconomic goals...
Introduction Financial ratios are used to predict the liquidity, solvency profitability, as well as the performance of a given company within a specified period. Thus, investors and other shareholders need to understand accurately the meaning of each ratio before making any investment related decision (Lewellen, 2004). This paper provides an...
Compensation is a systematic approach of providing monetary value and other benefits to employees in exchange for their work and service. To understand compensation within a global framework, recognition of the existing differences and similarities between the various contexts in which a company operates is important. Milkovich et al. (2008)...
What are the approaches international managers seek to understand when instituting change in the international arena? Working in a new environment, let alone the environment of an entirely different state than the one, which a company was created in, requires a profound understanding of the rules and regulations that the...
