2401 samples of this type
Marschall’s Economics Alfred Marshall was one of the most influential economists of the mid-nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth. His Principles of Economics brought ideas of supply and demand, production costs, and marginal utility into a coherent economic framework that is still relevant today. What is important to...
To explicitly analyze the current economic condition, it is vital to consider the financial status of major investment banks and financial institution in the United States of America. In a study by Lahart, (2007) ‘the financial institutions include: sub-prime and prime mortgages industries, Wall Street markets, the Lehman brothers, Citibank...
Work attitudes Sheehy recounts his encounter with workers with a “don’t-care attitude” during his undercover activities. These workers only completed the assigned task because they needed to get paid, and as such, they were less concerned about how they performed tasks. They did not feel the need to be responsible...
Introduction When it comes to assessing the significance of a particular literary work, concerned with the matters of political economy, it is important to define the measure of the contained ideas’ systemic integrity, in the sense of how they correlate with the ’cause-effect’ (or dialectical) principle of analytical reasoning. The...
GDP growth is a standard economic indicator that is used to measure the economic growth in a country by dividing the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by the number of the country’s citizens. The higher the GDP, the better is the country’s economic performance and, presumably, the quality of life in...
Introduction A handful of merits of targeting customers in emerging markets are identifiable since the inception of such a strategy by business enterprises. The form of the target is often based on the approach proposed and justified by Professor C.K Prahalad, who has a heart for admirable business. The recent...
International expansion is a process of creation of a single world market, based on the exchange of goods and capital, broader access to foreign goods; active development of trade and industrial relations, widening the cultural exchange, the increase of information flows between geographically remote regions. It goes without saying that...
Introduction Microfinance in its basic definition refers to a concept of providing small loans to the underprivileged people to help them in establishing a range of income generating activities with an aim of getting them out of poverty. For more than 30 years, microfinance has been touted as an important...
The Power Shift in State/ Firm Bargaining The relationship between states and multinationals is rather important. Even though there is no way to determine the effect of development on multinationals, one should not overlook the fact that the vital part of this relationship is how government arbitrates this relationship (Haslam...
Financial crisis 2008 is a critical debate today due to its significant effects on the economy. Most importantly is the fact that there exists a close connection between financial crises and liquidity of banks. The study will demonstrate that before the crises the banking sector experienced an unusual positive creation...
In 2008, the global financial crisis took place. It had started with the financial meltdown in the US financial markets. It is considered that the crisis’s emergence is caused by multiple factors: the overall cyclic recurrence of the economy, the overload of the credit and the stock markets, the high...
Introduction Student loan debt is not just a problem for individuals in the United States. It is equally a concern for the society as a whole. According to Bennett and Wilezol (2013), the fact that graduates have to spend most of what they earn to pay up their loans denies...
One of the major events of 2016 was Britain’s surprise decision to exit the European Union. Signaling major changes in the British economy, Brexit had immediate consequences for the political and economic stability of the region. However, as the process of Brexit will take quite some time to complete, it...
Balanced Government Budget A balanced government budget is a budget, in which expenditures are on the same level as revenues; however, a budget can also be considered balanced if the expenditures are smaller compared to revenues. In this environment, there is generally no deficit, although there could be a surplus...
The Group of Twenty unites the leaders of twenty major world economies and is aimed at promoting the cooperation able to improve the international financial stability. As the G20 economies comprise nearly eighty percents of the world trade, the annual summit plays a vital role in setting the trends for...
Introduction Austerity measures simply refer to the reduction of government spending in order to regulate public debt, especially when the country is at a risk of going bankrupt. In other words, austerity measures are stringent measures enforced by the state to bring public expenditure in line with the revenue (Manuel,...
The globalisation of the modern world and appearance of companies that have their offices in numerous countries all over the world contribute to the increased importance of tolerance and improved comprehending of at least basic peculiarities of various cultures (Five steps to avoiding cultural mistakes 2014). In other words, when...
The Modern Organization The modern corporations are viewed through theories developed after the Industrial Revolution. Max Weber and Karl Marx shared this view. Max Weber wrote an essay about bureaucracy. His work crystallized the understanding of the organizational structure of a firm, the understanding that would last for generations. His...
Statement of Thesis Over the past few years, environmental issues in general and the issue of carbon emission in particular have gained impressive significance. In order to prevent the CO2 emissions from destroying the ozone layer and slacken down the process of ozone depletion, two major methods of reducing the...
Credit card debt is a phenomenon that is characteristic of the U.S. economy and banking system because the U.S. households prefer using credit cards and regularly report credit card debts. In this context, it is important to examine what factors can influence the increases in borrowings and accumulations of debts....
Democracy and Successful National Economic Performance: India Case There is a strong tie between the political regime of the country and its national economic performance while these elements tend to be interdependent. This assumption implies that one will cause the development or stagnation of another and vice versa. Consequently, in...
Introduction This paper is looking into the case of the financial crisis, which results in an economic recession and the further sustained and recovery effects with the main references made to the case of the Great Recession of 2008 in America. Unemployment, income, and other economic inequalities have been cited...
Introduction This article is an interview with the renowned philosopher and activist, Noam Chomsky by Robert Schupp and Richard Ohlemacher on the issue of shadow economies. In the article, Noam Chomsky addresses the issue of shadow economies that has plagued the entire world. These informal economies are accused of enriching...
Data / Year 2011 2012 2013 GDP (current US$). 7,492,432,097,810 8,461,623,162,714 9,490,602,600,148 Population, total 1,344,130,000.0 1,350,695,000.0 1,357,380,000.0 GDP per capita (current US$) 5,574.2 6,264.6 6,991.9 FDI inflows 280,072,219,149.9 241,213,868,161.4 290,928,431,467.0 FDI outflows (% of GDP) 1.3 1.4 1.7 Balance of Payments 136,097,000,000 215,392,000,000 182,807,000,000 Imports 459.4 487.7 530.4 Exports 761.8...
Introduction Speculators in the telecommunication industry provide information on the bright future of the sector. The telecommunication industry is a wide sector in every country and calls for massive investment from both public and private investors. There are several countries, which leads to the list of the advanced countries in...
Introduction Foreign direct investment is usually defined as ownership or control of 10% or more of the voting securities of a United States business by a foreign person or company, as well as equivalent investments into a US-owned company. The presented article analyzes the changes in foreign direct investment in...
Introduction The problem of carbon emission into the atmosphere is highly associated with the greenhouse effect that has become a paradox in the world’s environmental economics. Carbon dioxide gas is one of the heat trapping gases that cause the greenhouse effect in the world. The impacts of carbon emission based...
Planning is an indispensable part of the process of managing any organization, a governmental organization in particular. Furthermore, to manage one, it is pivotal to create a budget of the organization or activity in question. A budget can be defined as a financial plan which includes items that need to...
The European debt crisis poses a significant challenge to the economic stability of the European Union. Since economic stability is the basis of the European Union, the economic crisis seems to threaten a robust relationship that exists among member states. Currently, the European debt crisis has revived the need for...
The cross-national integration into the world community, which is also known as the globalization process, has been the focus of people’s attention since the middle of the 20th century. The rapid technological progress that has been witnessed over the past few decades seems to have heralded the era of globalization....
Introduction The aim of the paper is to study immigrant labor market in Canada. In particular, the paper aims to compare the average earnings of an immigrant group, the other immigrant groups, and the Canadian-born citizens in order to understand the wage difference between the three groups based on gender...
Introduction Privatisation of the state-owned enterprises, whether understood from broad or narrow sense, has been highly advocated for particularly by the western governments and the Bretton Woods institutions. The main reason for privatisations is that the state-owned enterprises are poorly performing and inefficient particularly in services delivery. As such, privatisation...
The public budgeting leaders have the responsibility of fulfilling various roles including planning, reforming, and budgeting. Public budgeting involves three areas that are mostly dominated by the fields of economics, planning, and data sciences. Planning is used to determine goals and setting up the necessary programs to achieve them. Programming...
The increase in taxes associated with the gambling industry in Australia cannot directly respond to the problem of gambling costs as well as to many social and moral issues. On the one hand, the increase in existing gambling taxes can lead to increasing the revenue source for the governments. Furthermore,...
In the current world, globalization can be viewed both in a social context and in economic terms. For instance, it can address the unity and international openness of people all around the world, but it can also mean global trade, international political and economic associations, and so on. Thus, the...
It is imperative to note that macroeconomic performance is a fascinating topic that is actively discussed by many scholars. The situation in Germany is especially interesting, and it is influenced by numerous internal and external factors. For instance, an increase in spending on refugees has helped to boost the economy...
Introduction The article begins with a breakdown of expenditures by foreign direct investors over the last few years. In 2016, they totaled $373.4 billion, which is lower than the $439.6 billion that was recorded in 2015 by $66.1 billion. The author notes that these numbers are above the annual average...
Describe the essential characteristics of a bond and how these characteristics interact to determine bond value, inclusive of how both the interest rate and coupon rate influence bond value and pricing. It is probable to identify bonds as the investment option of primary importance, and the proper usage of bonds...
Introduction Governance in the community must be performed through institutions that dictate the specific behaviour of the people and groups of people in the community. The power held by specific institutions depends on the mandates that they are granted by the law and their ability to compel other organisations to...
Underlying Theme Freakonomics by Steven Levitt and Stephen Dubner is an exploratory study of economics and the manifestation of its principles in everyday life. The main premise of the book can be described with the following quote: “Morality, it could be argued, represents the way that people would like the...
Abstract Oil prices rise and fall depending on the demand and supply of the commodity in the market. Several factors affect demand and supply and a balance of these two is required in order to keep prices stable (Hansen, 2005). Due to uncertainties in oil supply, strategic oil reserves are...
Introduction The price of goods and services is one of the factors that the consumers consider before making decisions on what they need to purchase.The law of demand shows how demand of a commodity changes as own price changes. Price elasticity of demand is an indicator of the rate at...
Introduction Oil is a natural resource and specific to a location. Oil continues to become difficult to harvest with time, as the topmost and easily available resources dwindle. Miners and explorers have to look for new technologies and examine new locations that did not feature as potential oil producing regions...
Introduction – stating the problem The Office of National Statistics (ONS) says that the rate of inflation has risen to 0.2% in December 2015. It was surprising because it became the first month when the number exceeded 0.1% of January 2015. The primary causes of this increase are seen in...
Introduction Background The banking sector remains one of the most important industries that have a significant impact on other industries within a country’s economy. According to Cornée, Karmi, and Safari, the banks provide finances needed by other sectors to run normally (498). They provide a platform for trade among large...
Basis for the EIA Support and Their Specific Benefits Having become a rather frequent occurrence in the environment of the global economy of the 21st century, economic international agreements (EIA) have reasons for being values so high by their members (Cooper, 2014). The countries that participate in EIA receive a...
The Relation It is hard to give a clear answer to whether democracy and economic growth are related to each other. Before analyzing this question, it is important to define the terms involved in this issue. Democracy is a system of government in which the people of the country choose...
Economists use econometric instruments in order to complete the quantitative analysis of the available economic data and determine possible relationships. Traditional econometric methods are statistical instruments associated with discussing the linear relationships and changes (Magnus, Powell, & Prufer, 2010, p. 140). The notion of the economic evolution is closely associated...
Introduction As from 2009, the Eurozone has been undergoing a monetary crisis, which calls for major austerity measures. With Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, and Italy being among the first victims of the crisis, other countries in the Eurozone are feeling threatened that economies may face the same challenges as the...
Several reports provide an indication that the US economy has been improving significantly since January 2014, providing hope to the millions of people and companies that have been affected by slowed growth rates since the end of the recession. In this article published in the New York Times, Cohen reports...
Introduction This research report covers Government Spending on Social Housing Programs in Canada. Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) acknowledges that the private housing market can meet housing needs of nearly 80% of Canadians without government involvement (Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation 1). However, the private market leaves about 20%...
Introduction Natural resources, specifically petroleum, natural gas, and minerals, have been linked to high-levels of corruption and authoritarian leadership. Bolivia, Indonesia, Belarus, and Congo among others are considered resource cursed countries (Haber and Menaldo 6). Much of political economy literature presents both theoretical and empirical arguments to understand the issue....
Introduction An iron ore deposit is a mineral collection of sufficient size, iron-content, and chemical composition with physical and economic aspects that makes it a viable source of iron either immediately or potentially. Economic viability is essential. No definite limits can be set on the size, grade, or mineral composition...
Introduction The financial crisis of 2008 had influenced the well-being and prosperity of many countries in a negative way. Together with the rest of the world, the United States of America experienced the great recession that was considered to be the worst after the Second World War. There have been...
Lessons from Serving as a Public Budgeting Leader and Manager in the Public Sector Public budgeting refers to a field of administration that revolves around the assessment of the available resources and their allocation to the various activities of a firm or organization. I have learned that public budgeting managers...
Big Mac Prices from All over the World: Minor Discrepancies Despite the fact that a lot of people view a clear connection between McDonald’s and the current economic state of the U.S., the assumption that the McDonald’s fast food affects the economy of the United States is wrong – instead,...
There were significant expectations laid on the new president after the election. The economic situation Obama had to face when becoming the president was a true disaster. The first step the new president was to take was to define the team that would be supposed to meet the challenge. Obama...
In the paper, the returns and quarterly earnings of Apple Inc. will be analyzed. The company is a component of the S&P 500 index. The analysis will be carried out for a period of 5 years. Returns The share prices for a day before and a day after the announcement...
Introduction Between the last quarter of 2007 and early 2009, the world went through a serious economic crisis that left several economies vulnerable. Greece was no exception. In 2010, following the aftermath of the 2009/2009 global crisis, Eurozone fell to the effects of the remedial measures tabled against the global...
Introduction Economic globalization is the increased economic integration and interdependence that goes beyond national, regional, and continental borders. Economic integration occurs through the globalization of production, technology, marketing, labor, and other factors of production. Economic globalization is heavily dependent on Information Communication Technology (ICT). This paper will explore the aspects...
Economics: An Article Review The article by Agrawal provides results of an empirical study of the correlation between the economic growth and the decrease in the levels of poverty in the rural areas of Kazakhstan, a country that, after a period of stagnation following the dissolution of the Soviet Union,...
World Expo is regarded as an important international venue similar to the Olympics. This world exhibition is aimed at exhibiting products, trade, and innovation that can help the humanity address the major challenges it is facing (“In Depth”). The first world exhibition took place in the middle of the 19th...
Fiscal responsibility remains one of the most important terms when it comes to the field of public administration (Cangiano, Curristine, & Lazare, 2013, p.205). Speaking about the present situation with regard to the distribution of fiscal responsibility in such country as the United States, it is necessary to say that...
What is the current macroeconomic situation in the U.S? The macroeconomic situation in the US is currently faced with high inflation rates, which paint a gloomy picture to many US citizens (Baumol & Blinder, 2011). In the recent past, the US has come out of a recession that affected the...
Time Value of Money Time value of money (TVM) is a financial concept, which implies that money available to an individual or a company at the present time is much more valuable. The same amount of money is worth more in the present than it will be worth in the...
Chinese Banking System In the case study under analysis, Chaudhuri (2014) pays much attention to the banking system of China and the development of different banking sectors in regards to the latest changes and requirements that may occur at the local or national level. Regarding the latest achievements, existing progress,...
Introduction Probably the most notable characteristic of today’s living in the West is that there is presently a strongly defined neoliberal quality to the socioeconomic realities in Western countries, reflective of the assumption that one’s entrepreneurial freedoms cannot be restricted – even if it comes at the expense of undermining...
Introduction The United States is the nation with the highest number of vehicle ownership per driver. The country with the second largest number of personal vehicles is China, which has 69 vehicles for every 1,000 citizens, compared to 820 registered vehicles for every 1,000 US residents (World Bank, 2014). One...
Monetary actions refer to the steps that are taken by the Fed to ensure stability in the economy and the achievement of other macroeconomic objectives. The actions range from open market operations to bank rates and reserve requirements for a commercial bank. The Fed needs to administer its objective through...
Introduction Deficit spending affects the economy and labor market in various ways. A deficit occurs when the level of government’s revenue is below its spending. Apart from deficit spending, the government may decide to use surplus. In surplus spending, the expenditure is below revenue. Increase in spending may come in...
Background information The Indonesian housing market is heading towards a burst. This reality has been necessitated by economic factors that are integral to its propagation. There are numerous similarities that are evident between the Indonesian case and the United States housing bubble in 2008. Several factors were responsible for the...
Introduction Foreign direct investment is guided by various theoretical approaches. Theories of FDI provide a guideline, motivation, and direction of FDI application. These theories can either be macro or micro. As the paper reveals, macro-level theories of FDI explain various macroeconomic factors that are responsible for FDI uptake. Macroeconomic theories...
Introduction Structural adjustment frameworks refer to the various economic policies that are established to function as conditions for acquiring loans from the IMF and the World Bank. According to Bird, structural adjustment policies mainly comprise frameworks that help in seeking the formation of free markets such as fiscal austerity, deregulations,...
Abstract The paper provides a critical review on a journal authored by Nichols, Raska, and Flint (2015). The authors conducted a millennial customer research on the impact of buyer humiliation on volume and worth. This journal was based on how millennial and non-millennial clients were affected by their emotional impacts...
Introduction Over the last one decade, policymakers and regulators have shown an increased and concerted effort towards mitigation of climate change. Market based pollution permit trading programs comprise the chief mitigation strategies that have been implemented to regulate industrial pollution. Tradable permit programs establish a clear price signal that serves...
Executive Summary Stock research essentially involves arriving at precise inferences on particular securities’ worth, based on the gathered legitimate information and the subsequent release of this information to investors. However, investment banks have an incentive to trade by buying undervalued stocks and selling highly-priced ones against the instructions of the...
Introduction Monopolistic competition is described as an imperfect competition where a small number of producers sell differentiated products, which are not necessarily substitutes (Borenstein, Bushnell & Stoft, 2010). Werner & Kirk-Duggan (2009) provide several explanations for this imperfection. They are of the view that the imperfection is brought about by...
The first article “Competition is Healthy for Governments, Too” by Gregory explains why competition is necessary for the government if it is provide quality services to the citizens. To begin with, the author argues that competition is important for markets to thrive and achieve their gains. Competition provides businesses with...
Abstract This paper demonstrates the use of financial data for financial analysis. The objective is to carry out a broad financial analysis for an actual company. It explores the various techniques and tools used for financial analysis. In the analysis, we use financial data for Hellenic Community Trust for five...
Introduction Economic performance is attributed to the association between various socio-political and legal institutions that have specific contributions to gross domestic products (GDPs) of different countries. The role of institutions in the society has been studied in different disciplines including social sciences, economics, philosophy, politics, and geography. This essay provides...
Summary of the Article The article “So, We Meet Again: The Greek Crisis” emphasizes the core issues that the European Union [EU] is considering in determining how to resolve the Greek financial crisis. According to the article, most citizens in the European Union are of the opinion that Greece should...
Introduction Nowadays, businesses owned by the representatives of the so-called First World often try to persuade the public in their benevolence, respect to human rights, sustainability, etc. However, when their foreign production facilities are examined, it often comes to light that these companies engage in the harsh exploitation of workers...
Introduction The People’s Republic of China has marked an impressive economic development over the last few decades. This great advancement has helped to steer the country to the top in matters regarding the global economy. According to recent reports on global economy, China has overtaken other powerful Western and European...
Why did Belarus decide to abolish the currency trading restriction? The reasons for Belarus to lift the existing currency trade restrictions are rather basic; according to the statement issued by the state’s financial authorities, the given strategy will allow for improving the current economic state of the country. Indeed, as...
Introduction Since the Second World War, the United States has been working hard to overcome the deepest as well as the longest recession it has ever faced (UN, 2011). However, on its way to recovery, the country has experienced a very slow speed. The growth that was experienced in 2010...
The economy of China is one of the fastest growing economies in the world with “an estimated annual growth rate of 10 percent per annum from 1978 to 2005,”, as Naughton stated (34). China has the highest population in the world, with an estimated 1.3 billion people, according to the...
There are various definitions and assertions as to what constituted the transition period. According to Marx, the transition period was a time when the means of production was brought into common ownership by the working class using the power of the state. In other words, it was a period when...
Introduction Globalization has led to the emergence of numerous trends and challenges for business operations in the 21st Century economies. The contemporary business environment is more dynamic due to the effects of the high rate of globalization. Most economies in the world are growing on a worldwide scale, thus increasing...
Synopsis The article under consideration entitled “Introduction: Inclusion and Exclusion in the Global Arena” is a piece of writing by Max Kirsch taken from the book written by the same author. The article was published by Routledge in 2007. The author introduces information about the controversial nature of globalization in...
The Fed has gained a positive image in the eyes of the public, but this is a misrepresentation of the actual picture with reference to the Fed’s actual performance. The Fed is “a private organization consisting of private banks and it is charged with the responsibility of managing the flow...
Introduction Economic theories of the past have shown that they still have a positive impact on the improvement and development of the modern society. Economic theories have greatly facilitated the growth of societies by assisting them to reach their current state of being informational societies which have consequently become global...
Introduction Oil exploitation comes with direct benefits such as improved tax revenues, employment opportunities, and royalty payments. However, oil exploitation has many costs as well, including environmental damages. In Canada, oil sands, oil, and gas exploitation in the Western provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and British Columbia has increased in...
Introduction A primary goal of the global community is to promote an economic system that will foster widespread growth and development for all nations. To help achieve this, economists have advocated for trade liberalization and a deeper integration through world trade. However, the prosperity promised by global interaction has not...
The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) as a federal aid is developed to meet a lot of economic and social goals and to increase the level of nutrition of the low-income population, to contribute to the effective marketing and distribution of products and food, and to reinforce the country’s agricultural...
Japan Tobacco Inc. is one of the largest tobacco companies that operates in a large number of countries in Africa, Asia, Middle East, Europe, as well as Northern America. In Europe, JTI has been an important player for sustaining the economy of the countries, especially Bulgaria. The company sees a...
The indicators used in developing the Market Potential Index (MPI) include the market size, which is based on the amount of electricity consumed in a specific market and the urban population with an aggregate weight of 25/100. According to Eizenberg (2014), economists use the Market Growth Rate (MGR) to determine...
Abstract Transportation is one of the key factors that drive any country’s economy. An industrialized nation such as the US relies heavily on transportation and logistics system for its economic growth. Statistical findings indicate that the system contributes about 10 percent to the US GDP. The developments in the US...
According to the standards developed by Ernst & Young and titled as the Globalization Index (“HK, Singapore: top 2 most globalized economies, 2010), cannot be viewed as a fully objective instrument for measuring the extent, to which a state has succeeded in the process of becoming globalized. Instead, the index...
The article “High Line Living” by Vivian Marino, a columnist at The New York Times, describes a luxurious penthouse at the High Line that is due to be on sale in the nearest future. The penthouse is situated in a glass-steel fourteen-story building in Chelsea and currently costs $22.95 million....
Introduction Merger is one of the most common business practices in the current competitive market. According to Van (2010), as firms struggle to manage challenges in the market, they find it more beneficial operating as large entities other than small business units. They get to enjoy economies of scale and...
Abstract The economy of the United States has gone a long and difficult way from being weak and completely dependent on the outside factors to being represented by a set of rigid yet efficient rules and a number of entrepreneurships ranging from SMEs to global enterprises. When considering the effects...
Introduction Although the statement about a direct link between transportation and the economic balance of the United States might seem somewhat farfetched, the two are, in fact, related to each other quite closely. A brief overview of the factors that gear the American economy towards prosperity will reveal that the...
Introduction It is important to mention that regional growth is a topic that has been actively discussed over the last few years, and it is especially true for such areas as Asia that are still actively developing. Some of the recent events need to be mentioned to get an understanding...
The economic, financial, and political situation in Italy can be discussed as affecting the development of the tourism and hospitality industry in Italy significantly because the changes in the economic environment influence the businesses’ growth, profitability, and competitiveness; the aspects in the financial policies influence the possibility of investing into...
The significant shifts in the development of global trade in the 20th century provoked the emergence of the new phenomena in the international trade organization. The regional free trade agreements can be regarded as one of these phenomena. The free trade concept was introduced in “Theory of Comparative Advantage” by...
Introduction This paper entails a critical analysis of some issues encountered in international business. The issues are based on some questions are illustrated herein. Questions Why are governments in today’s world liberalizing cross-border movement of goods, services, and resources? Governments have a responsibility to ensure that the diverse macroeconomic goals...
Savings, BOP and current Account According to Soukizis and Cerqueira (2012, p. 59), savings indicate what is left after consumers have made their consumption. The income is either consumed or saved with savings being closely related to the level of investment and the national income. The level of savings in...
Compensation is a systematic approach of providing monetary value and other benefits to employees in exchange for their work and service. To understand compensation within a global framework, recognition of the existing differences and similarities between the various contexts in which a company operates is important. Milkovich et al. (2008)...
What are the approaches international managers seek to understand when instituting change in the international arena? Working in a new environment, let alone the environment of an entirely different state than the one, which a company was created in, requires a profound understanding of the rules and regulations that the...
Being only a concept in the 20th century, the process of globalization has swept the entire world by 2000s and is taking an increasingly fast pace at present. Despite its obvious benefits, globalization has also had a couple of negative effects on the economy, politics and social life of the...
International business is a common practice in many parts of the world. Many countries engage in international trade in order to export their products and import whatever they do not produce (DEP: Department of Export Promotion Thailand). New business concepts have emerged in order to cushion every developing country from...
Introduction At one point in the history and evolution of companies and markets, monopolies were common across the world. During those times, competition was low for various reasons. Firstly, start-ups were few, and thus the monopolistic companies did not have emerging competitors. Secondly, the emerging competitors were highly disadvantaged due...
Import substitution is a strategy that is normally applied by the developing countries in controlling imports. The government replaces its foreign imports with domestic production. Import substitution is important because it helps the country reduce its foreign dependency. Specialization, on the other hand, refers to a situation where a country...
Executive Summary The United States economy is not dependent on fossil fuels for growth. Gas provides about 24% of total energy sources, and its price is, therefore, a major factor in overall economic productivity. There have been relatively mild changes in the price of gas over a long period, with...
Kenya is a country that is located in the East African region. It borders Uganda to its west, Somalia to the east, Ethiopia to the north, Tanzania to the south and the Indian Ocean along its southeastern coast. It has a population of approximately 40 million people, according to the...
Introduction When making an investment, it is important to look at a number of factors in order to ensure that the returns are within the investor’s expectations. In many cases, people make investment without a proper analysis of the underlying forces. When this happens, it is possible for the investment...
The relationship between climate change and international trade has been on a great verge of developing a new critical issue. This was so evident at the Conference of Parties (COP 17) Climate Conference that took place in Durban, South Africa; the November-December 2011 conference focussed on selected imperative issues that...
The modern world is characterized by the opposition of blocks of states. Each of these blocks has its leader who determines the policy of this block. Being superstates, these countries fight for their dominance in the world, using all methods and remedies they have at their disposal. One of the...
Introduction Imperialism can be defined as a form of governance where the maintenance and control of a country’s power and resource are done by the military. Imperialism is also regarded as the highest form of capitalism, and it is very exploitative in terms of the country’s resource and labor forces....
Introduction This research explores the Swiss Gold Referendum as a contemporary economic issue that may have both domestic and global impacts. Swiss Gold Referendum is a controversial issue that requires voters to decide. The proponents of the Swiss Gold Referendum want the Swiss not to give away their gold. Traditionally,...
Property damage is one of the major sources of conflict in the realm of business, especially when it comes to discussing insurance-related issues. According to the case study, the person providing renting facilities to Jeff can be regarded as the party with insurable interest. Indeed, according to Rejda, the key...
Introduction It is hard to underestimate the impact of economical theories on the development of modern society. Looking back on the progress that has been made to reach the status of informational society and start the globalization process all over the world, one must admit that people owe much to...
According to Roland, the continued rise of interest rates in South Africa has been detrimental toward the growth and development of the fast-emerging economy (par. 1). The withdrawal of the stimulus package has worsened the state of economic performance. It is vividly understood that the problems started when the Federal...
Dynamics of supply and demand in the oil industry and the global financial issues have resulted in unprecedented instability in prices of the commodity in the past few years. Meanwhile, oil refiners have faced sudden changes in profitability. Consequently, many refineries have adopted different hedging strategies as attempts to manage...
The landmark multilateral agreement at the Bali conference in Indonesia under the umbrella of the WTO remains a major achievement of the Doha Declaration. The ministers had agreed to adopt about 50 decisions on different issues such as agriculture, investment measures, textile and clothing, technical red tapes to trade, and...
Poverty is defined as the state of deficiency of a certain amount of material wealth or money. In common use, it normally refers to a lack of enough food materials, safe and clean water, healthcare and education, and clothing and shelter. World poverty figures have been rising since the second...
Introduction This section will briefly introduce two scientific approaches to monetary policies. In particular, it will be important to mention the debate between Banking and Currency Schools. One should also identify the leading representatives of the two schools such as Robert Torrens and Thomas Tooke (Daugherty 140). It is important...
Introduction Nigeria possesses one of the world’s largest hydrocarbon deposits and is one of the top oil-producing countries in the world. Aka confirms that Nigeria is an important member of OPEC owing to its vast crude oil reserves (229). As such, Oil has continued to play a significant role in...
The pace at which the US Federal Reserve has been applying mandatory cuts on bonds has raised different reactions from the business community. Opinions have been divided on whether to allow the economy to recover or decrease bond purchases at the present pace within the year. The unpredicted economic performance...
Industrialization is a process of the fast development of the industry of a certain state in a certain period. Usually, it is determined by a set of reasons which exists at the current stage of development of a country. This phenomenon could be found in the history of each developed...
In March 2014, the “Globe and Mail” carried a story on Ukraine’s move to impose new tariffs on car imports and the possible economic consequences of this initiative. Ukraine is one of the newest members of the World Trade Organization. It joined the group in 2008. In addition, it is...
Introduction Predatory practices are admittedly and notoriously unethical as they are harmful to the borrowers and potentially for a country’s economy. While the wrongness of the predictors’ actions cannot be denied, it is not uncommon for victims to be blamed as well. In order to define the guilty party, it...
Introduction Changing and unpredictable economic trends due to globalization have forced many people across the world to question the real meaning of life. Constantly changing economic crises have overwhelming effects on various economic activities which have stimulated social, political and economic reforms aimed at alleviating economic forces of globalization that...
Employment in the UK has shown a positive sign that many believe to be a mark of an economic turnaround. The unemployment rate has fallen considerably, and the rate of employment of women and that of youths has increased (UK unemployment falls by 125,000 to 2.34 million). Analysts believe that...
Introduction This paper presents a detailed macroeconomic analysis of Saudi Arabia. The study will focus on four areas, namely, unemployment and inflation; fiscal policy and monetary policy; economic reforms; and balance of payments and exchange rate. Saudi Arabia is the largest economy in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). It is...
Introduction Companies are always looking for new tactics to help increase their efficiency and decrease production costs. Such strategies result in increased productivity, thereby promoting organizational growth. One strategy that has become popular among American firms over the past decades is outsourcing. Outsourcing is the results-oriented relationship of a company...
Introduction The United States of America has instituted various fiscal and monetary policies to ensure that the economy remains competitive. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the economy is the largest in the world although it faces numerous challenges. Since the global financial and economic crises of 2007 and...
Investing into a foreign country is always fraught with a range of risks, which the project concerning the analysis of the Italian business sector is a prime example of. A detailed study of the environment, which the Italian private sector has to offer for a foreign investor has shown that...
Every economy has its purpose and role in society. It is necessary to comprehend a true worth of economy to use its benefits and succeed. As a rule, there are four main functions of the economy: the identification of what should be produced, the analysis of production amount, the description...
In an ailing economy and threats of frequent economic crises, one of the main areas of interest is the idea of tax reforms. Some scholars argue, within the context of classical versus Keynesian economic theories, that the ailing economy is a strong incentive for implementing tax reforms to reduce the...
The Article in the New York Times On 31 August 2015 The New York Times published a rather controversial article by the title ‘As His Term Wanes, Obama Champions Workers’ Rights’. The story is an almost perfect example of labor economics, as it involves the employees of the labor services...
Creating a budget for a project is a complex task that requires a careful analysis of the existing assets and an evaluation of the threats that the project in question may be exposed to. Traditionally, two strategies for calculating the budget are identified; these are the top-down and the bottom-up...
Insurance has a long history, which stretches back to the 3rd millennium BC. In its early history, insurance was nothing other than rudimentary risk spreading mechanisms employed by Chinese traders. They distributed their wares into many vessels so that if one or a few vessels capsized, the loss was evenly...
With the development of technology and the growth of international relationships, globalization has become an (ironically) global tendency. But what exactly does it mean for a country – to be globalized? And what challenges a modern developed country would face if it wanted to become more globalized? The article on...
Summary of the book In their book, Scott Bittle and Jean Johnson discuss various financial problems that currently affect the United States. Overall, the authors focus on such an issue as the growing national debt of the country (Bittle and Johnson 4). In their opinion, this tendency has long been...
Introduction Capitalism is defined variously by different scholars. Many view it as an economic arrangement in which the means of production are exclusively held by private investors. In addition, the businesses are operated with the sole purpose of making profits. The main characteristics of capitalism include competition and capital accumulation...
Abstract The paper outlines the primary challenges of Zimbabwe economic system and provides a consistent account of inefficient economic strategies that disrupt the country’s well-being. The notion of Mugabenomics is reviewed in the case study. Due to the findings of the case, there is a threat of Zimbabwe becoming the...
Introduction Financial stability of any company helps in creating good reputation that could be considered by banks for future loans. The management team should focus on strengths since this is the core that determines the status of each section of the company. Calculations on financial ratios are basically derived from...
Introduction A market structure is the number and size of buyers and sellers who are interested in a product or service. Apart from buyers and sellers involved in the market, market structures for a commodity also include the likely entrants. Because of the differing level of competition within the market,...
The aspects of gambling are actively discussed by politicians, economists, sociologists, and psychologists. The discussion usually depends on determining the negative impacts of gambling on the people’s life and welfare. Nevertheless, some economists and politicians claim that legalisation of gambling in definite states can contribute to raising revenues. Some US...
