465 samples of this type
A pattern of organization is crucial to guide readers and help them understand writing. I am most familiar with the general to the specific pattern because I used to have a travel agency in Cuba. The general to specific leads writing from a piece of general information to a more...
Language and Literacy should be learned in a “game” format to encourage children enough for studies since this program level requires preschoolers to be ready for learning and not to learn the school program. Since the vast majority of toddlers cannot read at this moment of their life, children should...
In my opinion, language development occurs during a specific time in a person’s life, which is known as a critical period. First language acquisition happens due to exposure to the language between age two and puberty (Hartshorne et al., 2018). After this stage, it becomes more difficult for an individual...
Multiple works of outstanding poets are translated to introduce them to people all over the world. In the same way, many works were written by Pablo Neruda, including “Muchos Somos,” were translated into English and other languages. At the same time, the translation of poetry is a highly challenging process...
SQL stands for Structured Query Language, and it is a computer language used to store, manipulate, and retrieve data from a relational database. SQL is the industry standard for Relational Database Systems. SQL is the standard database language used by all Relational Database Management Systems (RDMS) such as MySQL, MS...
Introduction The article investigates individual differences in the second language, L2, writing process, and the written outcome. While there is sufficient research evidence regarding the role of individual differences on speech acquisition, the area of the writing process and the written product has been largely overlooked. The author focuses on...
Introduction The lais of Marie de France are a collection of 12 romantic narrative It addresses courtly romance and forbidden problems of women ( Caudill, 104). The tales were composed in old French containing style of rhyming couplets, repetition and unifying themes. Authors Biography Marie de France was a poet...
Ella Deloria is a linguistic scholar from South Dakota, precisely the native Lakota people. She has authored several linguistic texts and pioneered language ideas among the Dakota people. Her achievements in the anthropology industry are enviable, having started writing an article in a journal to publish books and even a...
Habilitation is a process that allows specialists to help people acquire specific skills and abilities which are necessary for their full functioning and without which they cannot consider themselves normal. In speech-language pathology (SLP), this service most often concerns children whose speech abilities are not developed to the level they...
To begin my research, I had to define the keywords and search terms which would be utilized. They would also have to be divided into categories. First, it was important to find articles and papers that explore the more general topic of second language acquisition. Second, the search narrowed by...
The article by Amy Tan under the title “Mother Tongue” is a fascinating and rich piece of writing that captures various sociological, cultural, and linguistic aspects related to language. The author introduces herself as a writer from an immigrant family who uses different types of English, namely standard English with...
Distributional Semantics As has become known by now, semantics characterizes the discipline concerned with the study of word meanings. High interest in the term persists not only because determining the semantic mechanisms of the human mind allows a more profound definition of brain potentials but also because the issue of...
Mahmoodi-Shahrebabaki, M. (2018). Language and Identity: A Critique. Journal of Narrative and Language Studies, 6(11), 217-226. This article explains the connection between the language and its speaker’s identity. The author of this article, Masoud Mahmoodi-Shahrebabaki, is a lector at the University of California, Irvine. His article provides basic information on...
In this analysis of a language learning process, a 20-year-old female, Carry, was invited to participate in an interview. She is a friend of mine, and it was not difficult to organize a meeting and ask several questions to study her decision and the peculiarities of bilingualism. According to Thompson,...
Response 1 Any essay must consider its audience since its purpose is to deliver the author’s message. For second language learners, the writer’s skill to present information in a suitable format is more crucial than others. Even if a learner is able to connect the meaning of a word or...
Performance is the use of knowledge, skills, and abilities to accomplish any work. The performance also shows how a question of ethnic identity can be linked to humor. It also helps in a proper understanding of the building of “white” as an ethnicity. Performance also helps in an essential part...
Introduction Every person goes through literacy learning in early childhood and continues developing it in various ways throughout their lifetime. The most appropriate and frequently applied practices for it are reading, writing, communicating with others, and expanding vocabulary (Bennett et al. 246). Today, globalization provided humanity with a valuable opportunity...
According to Anzaldua, the Chicanas who have grown up speaking Spanish Chicano have concluded that other people spoke Spanish poorly. According to other people, the language has been used by the dominant culture for marginalization. Therefore, it resulted in language differences between the two groups (2950)”. From the above quote,...
Within the first two months, the infant vocal tract is so small that a child can only express their discomfort via crying, swallowing, sucking, and other physical reactions of the organism (McCauley & Christiansen, 2019). Children make cooing sounds, which is an indication of pleasure. In the second two months,...
Figurative language refers to the way a description is used to create a specific image and to elevate a person’s emotions. It seems essential to note that there are different kinds of this phenomenon. The latter may be considered as a vital part of writing, as well as of public...
Verbal communication is a singular characteristic exclusive to the human species. This fact triggered many subsequent questions among linguists concerning the nature of human abilities to acquire a language, a large portion of them being on the border of linguistics, philosophy, neurobiology, and psychology. The topic has proved to be...
In Why Redskins is a Bad Word, author and an associate professor of English and comparative literature, John McWhorter, writes about the phenomenon of the negative association of a word acquiring. In this essay, the author explains why ordinary words can possess another meaning different from their literal ones and...
[ðə fɜːst taɪm aɪ wɛnt tə ðʔ1 ʃɒp aɪ θɔːʔ2 ðə wə ᵊ3 raɪt naɪs reːnʤ4 əv gʊdz ðɛː5 | ɪt dɪnt6 siːm tuː dɪə bəʔ7 wɛn aɪ lʊkt ət ðʔ8 ˈpraɪsɪz mɔːˈkeəflə9 aɪ θɔːʔ10 wɛl ˈɑʔʧʊələ11,12 ɪts nɒʔ13 sʊʧ14 ᵊ15 gʊd ˈvɑljuː16 ˈɑːftər17 ɔːl | sɒ18 ðɛn aɪ dɪˈsaɪdɪd...
The communicative approach, also referred to as Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), has occupied the central part of language teaching discussions since the late 1960s. This concept emphasizes problem solving and interactions as the means and final goal of learning a second language (Educopedia Aulas Inglês, 2020). Hence, it stresses essential...
Abstract Promoting active information acquisition among students is a challenging task for any teacher. However, it becomes even more complicated to empower learners to attain success when having a poor understanding of their culture or language. Although non-native speakers (NNS) of English can deliver rather efficient results as teachers, the...
Introduction In the given paper, the issues concerning the way students and teachers in Saudi Arabia access, use and treat the CALL standard in EFL instructions concerning the preparatory year program at the University of Tabuk are going to be considered and the existing approaches are going to be evaluated....
People of different cultures do not see the world around them in the same way. Those differences are often manifested in the languages they speak. Some linguists believe that language shapes the way we think, while others argue that language does not control the human ability to think and understand...
English language learners (ELLs) cover a significant number of students in the United States and require distinctive educational strategies to comprehend the learning material better. From the educator’s point of view, it is a genuine art to permeate the second language into the native language of a student. Proper knowledge...
Lesson #1 Functional/ structural To be able to use the present simple of the verb to be when introducing people. To develop the use of the verb to bein the present tense. Skills objectives To develop speaking skills to introduce oneself and introduce others. To develop writing skills: writing a...
English Language Learners must pass a speaking and writing portion of language proficiency assessment for scoring out and being fully immersed in mainstream classes without support. There exist a number of students with different cultural backgrounds who are unable to speak or write English fluently or too shy to speak...
Introduction Steve Jobs, one of the founders and shareholders of Apple, is famous for introducing unique strategies that tend to evoke general interest to his model of business. One of the major constituents dragging mass attention to Jobs’ success formula is his speech. The three rhetorical components of the man’s...
A lexicon is a group of words within the same language. Also known as thesaurus, a lexicon arranges the mental vocabulary of a language according to certain values. The lexicon of a language is the groupings of words, expressions, and vocabularies. A person’s mental lexicon, or lexical understanding, or idea...
Introduction It is important to review the current literature in order to broaden the overall understanding of the lexical decision-making process. A study suggests that the given concept is mainly comprised of two regimes, which are high levels of competition for low frequency words and revisions for pseudowords (Barca &...
A good translation is essential to communicate an original idea using another language. A translator achieves good translation if they realize the urgency and self-evidence of the original text. In this regard, a good translation is possible when the translated text echoes and focuses on the original message and similarly...
Today successfully managing a company is as challenging as ever during a COVID-19 outbreak with no clear perspective. It becomes increasingly hard to be sustainable and overcome the barriers of flexible working. According to vital-learning.com, bad management costs organizations an average of $33 per day resulting in high employer turnover,...
Food Words Food words in any language have completely different origins, as some of them are were borrowed and became an integral part of its vocabulary when the need for them occurred. Moreover, the meaning of any word drifts with time, just like its pronunciation. Nevertheless, people have a chance...
Maintaining one’s language is an essential part of developing as a person. A child or an adult in a foreign country may acquire spoken language skills without much effort, but writing and reading are deliberate processes that require full attention and certain techniques. Literacy is honed depending on the setting...
Hello, my name is [], and I am [current education/qualification]. I hope to use the grant offered by National Vision and the National Optometric Association to further research, education, and awareness about diabetic retinopathy. In particular, the problem of undiagnosed or untreated diabetes in the African American community is at...
Rhetorical appeals are persuasion methods that are often used by speakers to convince their audience. A person can use any appeals depending on the context or people he or she is addressing. In his court ruling, Judge Pauley used logical appeal to guide his final verdict in the case of...
Research Participants The participants of this research were primarily drawn from the linguistic class of 2011. This constituted a sample of 74 students. The students answered the survey questions covering questions about age, gender, different kinds of marks and total grade. The sample size therefore consisted of 74 respondents based...
Introduction Different scholars and researchers in the field of linguistics have presented diverse views regarding the evolution and nature of language. Derek Bickerton is one of such theorists whose works have managed to shed more light on the matter. He wrote extensively in language evolution in an attempt to understand...
The lead architect communicates to the Pharaoh: In life, prosperity and health! This is a missive to inform you my good lord of his goodly plans for his pyramid. The height of the pyramid, according to the plan, is 480 feet. We expect to finish the construction in 23 years...
The article under consideration, “Mother Tongue” by Amy Tan, sets the context for exploring the variations of the English language and its correctness from the point of view of the literary version. The author thereby claims that the English of Chinese immigrants is no worse than its any other form...
In his article on the bilingual acquisition, Genesee (2006) focused on the main concerns expressed by parents and educators regarding the ways preschool children gain proficiency in two languages simultaneously. The author suggested that all children can learn two languages in their early childhood if they are consistently exposed to...
On Language was weekly New York Times Magazine’s regular column that discussed some language-related topics such as new or unusual usages and popular etymology; the very first column was published on February 18, 1979. William Safire, a famous American journalist and columnist, was one of the most well-known and frequent...
The ability to speak and write in a foreign language is considered to be one of the essential skills nowadays. Modern life and globalization dictate its own conditions, one of which is the requirement to know English at least at an elementary level. Even though for some people it can...
Semantic Development One way to promote semantic development is to ensure that learners’ surroundings reflect the language they learn – creating banners, for instance, is a way to facilitate the process of memorizing lexical units. The structural approach, that is, teaching children primarily roots and affixes and their combination, maybe...
Original Paragraph(s) and Description The use of personification in the poem is worth mentioning as it plays an important role in communicating the author’s ideas. The purpose of this literary device is to enhance the meaning of work and add vividness. In his poem, Olzmann gives human characteristics to a...
Introduction The translation may be defined as the complex process of text transformation from one language into another one. There are a substantial number of peculiarities connected with the difference of languages that should be familiar for a competent translator. Two texts in the English and French languages were translated,...
Indeed, man is the most intelligent creature on earth. Even if it is the only animal endowed with the gift of speech, other animals like the chimpanzee, baboons, monkeys, gorillas, orangutans and bonobos also poses language and the ability to communicate. Language, in this context, refers to an organized open...
Introduction Since ancient times, the Chinese people have had a special attitude to the written language as a normative and correct one. On the opposite, spoken language has always been much more prone to deviations and the appearance of non-normative elements. However, the development of the Internet has led to...
Introduction The topic I would like to focus on in this research paper is the development and spread of new internet slang caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The fact that no previous healthcare crisis has induced such a widespread and intensive reaction makes this subject relevant and important to study....
Modern healthcare information systems require secure, interoperable networks for communication between healthcare providers. Interoperability is the ability of systems to share information and process the data obtained through exchange (Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, 2013). Additionally, interoperability ensures cooperation between consumers, providers, and corporations, regardless of...
I: Since the beginning of this term, I have known that things would be different for students taking the American literature course in their final year. My sentiments are not meant to nullify the importance of other courses offered in the school, but to highlight the significance of this course...
Bound morphemes are morphemes that are considered from the structural point of view, they cannot be used separately. As a rule, these are affixes that help us to make different parts of speech and grammatical forms of words (-ly, -ance, in-, il-, -er, -ed). People often confuse bound morphemes, especially...
Introduction The evolution of human language often results in formation of more complex words associated with corresponding images and objects. The theory of natural selection postulates that humans, unlike other primates, developed language as a natural requirement for his survival. Since homo-sapiens had the natural capacity to speak, inherent traits...
The purpose of the following paper is to critique special occasion speeches using the provided speech evaluation form. The evaluated speeches are presented in the form of video. Each of these two speeches will be evaluated separately. The first speech was made by Matthew McConaughey at the eighty-sixth Oscar Academy...
In the modern world the meaning of the term “state line” becomes more and more eroded. The rapid growth of different means of transport brought any place on the globe within the reach. Men took themselves of their homes and the migration of peoples started. The reasons are absolutely different,...
Introduction Contemporary approaches to language education strongly rely on the theory of universal grammar that was put forward by Noam Chomsky and other representatives of generative semantics (Chomsky, 2006). This scholar argues that there are certain grammatical or syntactical properties that are inherent to every human language and a person...
Linguists have defined grammar as a body of rules describing the properties of a language. Grammar is the mental representation of a speaker’s linguistic competence; a linguistic description of a speaker’s mental grammar. All animals have their language. Human language involves speech and signs. The language one understands is a...
Introduction Under the processes of globalization and integration, the development of new techniques and methods of language acquisition becomes even more important. The ongoing cultural exchange and intensified business contacts stimulate the determination of the most effective and fastest methods for language acquisition. The term paper is devoted to the...
Demography The United States Demographically, the United States of America is one of the most multinational countries of the world. The number of foreign-born citizens of the US has been rapidly growing over the last several decades. This number used to be 14.1 million people in 1980, by 1990 it...
Introduction There are nouns in English that we classify as mass nouns. These nouns are uncountable and do not have plural forms. Occasionally, we refer to them as non-count or uncountable nouns. Mass nouns show whether a noun has a singular or plural form. The mass noun is useful when...
Standard and Non-Standard Dialects To find out how people make use of both standard and non-standard dialects, I made a decision to observe the conversation between a teacher of English and a student. The teacher uses a standard dialect that is supported by institutions and characterized by proper grammar and...
The term, “The Theatre of the Absurd” originates from Martin Esslin. The meaning of the term can be traced back in 1920 and 1930s to explain the events that were taking place to ascertain the impermanency of man and all his valuables. Esslin who is a theater critic got the...
Abstract Newspeak, a language of fiction, was invented by George Orwell. The language was developed during the totalitarian party system to make speech hard to understand thus making speech impossible. Other than the media, newspeak as a language has continued to take over many other sectors today such as the...
The child under this report is a grade D pupil named John* with profound difficulty in fluency in reading. Having been in this school for the last two terms of study, I realized John had general difficulty in fluency with particular reference to Meaning, Structure, and Visual information of words....
Introduction Language processing and word formation constitute the major dilemma for psycholinguistic and neuro-linguistic research. The word building deserves a special consideration in terms of different models of word organization. Hence, it is necessary to take into account morphological, lexicological, and psychological aspects. Processing mechanisms reveal the internal mechanism occurred...
For many people, learning a second language is a very difficult phenomenon. This problem does not only affect learners but it also affects teachers who deal with teaching them. For one to effectively learn a second language, it calls for the teacher responsible of teaching him or her to come...
The way we speak in informal settings is different from the way we talk or write in formal settings and there are some times I say something and someone corrects me saying that I am not observing the rules of grammar. Sometimes I start a sentence using a conjunction and...
In his essay ‘Politics and the English language’, George Orwell had identified the following llingostylistic flaws, which according to author; significantly reduce the logical cohesiveness of the English language when being found in written text: According to Orwell, there are six simple rules, the observation of which should help authors...
Throughout the course of the second half of the twentieth century, the discussion of how one’s identity is being formed and also how possession of such an identity affects the existential mode of a concerned individual, had become strongly associated with the methodological framework of linguistic anthropology’s discourse. This can...
In any language, the words that express the deed(s) of someone or something are called verbs. Verbs inform about actions being taken, things or beings held and the position taken by a subject. There are different classes of verbs; among them formal and informal verbs. The sense of formality and...
Introduction The eternal wars between the supporters of phonics and whole language are still at issue thus presenting different for-and-against arguments. This controversy pertaining to how to teach child shows that education struggles will not be terminated. Many scholars and professors dedicated many research investigations to different aspects of this...
One important role of a country’s education system is to ensure that its students can compete favorably in the international job market. To achieve this, the education system must emphasize the topics of relevance like technology, management, ethics and above all languages which act as the tool of communication that...
Why TOEFL scores should be lowered across university? The aim of this research paper is to advocate for the lowering of TOEFL/IELTS and any other standardized English proficiency test scores in university. In doing so, the author will argue on behalf of the interests of the international student to determine...
Introduction Whenever teachers take charge of children whose acquisition of speech and reading ability is painfully slow, the tendency is to look for physiological problems that affect intellectual, emotional, neurological, and sensory development. These problems include dyslexia, aphasia, autism, and Down syndrome, among other disorders and syndromes. In recent years,...
Introduction The theory of signs proposes that a word never has a particular natural meaning and only acquires one when the people using it come together and agree that the combination of sounds represented by the word indicates a certain object or idea. This, according to Ferdinand de Saussure creates...
Introduction Area studies, as interdisciplinary fields of research, have assumed greater importance in the light of the growing need to understand the cultural differences that exist between nations. Area studies programs usually include subjects that are associated with humanistic disciplines. Foreign philology constitutes an important part of area studies. This...
For a long time, it was noticed, that the wisdom and the spirit of a nation can be shown through its proverbs and sayings, where the knowledge of proverbs of a particular nation promotes not only a better knowledge of the language but also a better perception of people’s nature...
Introduction The essay under consideration is “The Seven Deadly Sins Are “In” and Proud of It” by Howard Richler, a language journalist. This work can be referred to an academic analysis, though it does not belong to a pure formal style. The purpose of the author is not to simply...
Introduction Rhetorical writing is a special kind of activity that involves the ability to both analyze the plot of the object under consideration and see how the author manages to affect the audience’s perception of this object by certain rhetorical means. The appeal to the audience is rather important in...
Introduction Modern political communications in democratic countries are substantially built on general principles. Such principles are not limited exclusively by the requirements of tolerance but also are dictated by the considerations of political correctness. Nevertheless, when looking at the latter terms, i.e. political correctness, it can be seen that the...
The piece of reading we have been assigned to during week three became a highly useful part of our studies as educators as it gave a quite different insight into English phonetics on the whole and into certain parts of studying as well as teaching it. The most value of...
Introduction Language never exists separately from the society this is why it can be considered only in terms of culture it belongs to. Each language can be characterized not only by words typical for it, but by certain set of gestures used as means of emphasis in verbal communication. When...
Outline Language and culture interrelationship has been the center of focus for quite many years in a variety of disciplinary perspectives (Firth & Wagner, 1997). It has brought scholars from several fields of discipline such as linguistics, sociology, anthropology and psychologists together to try and understand the complex interrelationship. The...
Introduction “Of all forms of culture, it seems that language is that one which develops its fundamental patterns with relatively the most complete detachment from other types of cultural patterning.” (Sapir, 1929:211) A curious characteristic of language is its “hidden” meaning of the message. Hidden meaning that makes it possible...
Critical analysis of the literature Culture and SLA The relationship between language and culture can not be clearly defined, though different disciplines have tried to define their similarity and difference. For instance, a second language (L2) acquisition should be structured to incorporate a cultural environment for it to be effective....
The paper, Sociolinguistics – Concepts in Action, is devoted to the problem of language communities and their positioning in the life of a social group. The paper is well-structured and well—organized. It creaky defined the purpose and aim of the research and reflects a deep and detailed analysis of the...
Introduction This study describes the particular role of marginal modals “ought to” and “need” in the discourse of linguistic issues of present days. Focusing on the reality of the modern flow of grammatical feature in the English language the role of modals seems to be trite. In this respect English-speaking...
Bilingualism means the individual’s ability to read, write, speak and hear two languages. Monolingualism is the opposite of bilingualism and it means someone’s knowledge of one language only. Today, Spanish is the second most common language in the United States after English. It is very common because there are a...
Communicative characteristics of Male/female A constructionist point of view takes gender as a radical challenge to the question of whether women and men use language in different ways. A common assumption that upholds many questions of ‘gender difference’ in speech is simply intricated in everyday speech. Thinking realistically, if one...
Verbs The English language is spoken all over the world. Wherever it is not spoken people are trying to learn it or become better at it because it has many advantages and provides a common method to communicate with the world. Learning the English language though is no easy task....
Women they say, are the stronger sex. Mainly because even though men are physically the stronger sex, women have been gifted with the uncanny ability to be able to perform multiple tasks that include the duties of men as family providers, whenever the situation calls for it. The gender roles...
Purpose, Test, and Use of the IELTS The International English Language Testing System more popularly known as IELTS is designed primarily to assess the ability of candidates who aspire to pursue their academics or job prospects in countries where English is the principal language of communication (IELTS Handbook, 2007). IELTS...
Introduction Semiotics, the study of processes of signs, as well as the use of symbols in communication at both a personal and a grouped setting is often viewed at as the basic element of the construction and understanding of meaning. Furthermore, signs have been known to mediate meaning, thus confirming...
Introduction The right use of language is central to all aspects of learning and social development. Successful and appropriate language communication is also closely linked to the individual’s place in society. But when one is not able to communicate, this clearly hampers and eliminates a person’s ability to cope with...
Throughout the known history of much of the world, including the regions where the English language originated and developed, society has been dominated and controlled by the patriarchal rule. The resulting product of the Language represents this dominance by means of categorizing the realities of society. Male references in everyday...
Syntax explains how sentences and texts should be formed. There are two categories of syntax that are similar to some extent but display a distinction between themselves as well. They are constituent structure and argument structure of the language. Thus, the constituent structure of the language is the set of...
The United States of America has gone for more than two hundred years without a designated official language. The United States is a unique country with a very diverse population. The American Community survey conducted by the Census Bureau shows that the number of minorities is increasing and that of...
Introduction Human language is very unique in itself because it is not acquired biologically like other human traits but it is learned. Human beings use language to communicate by the use of symbols and signs that are conventional (Raymond, 1997). Communication systems especially language is very flexible, that is it...
Introduction If we would like to discuss the role of phonological representations in speech, then we need to focus on such phenomenon as the phonological neutralization. This phenomenon actually eliminates a phonemic distinction, especially in a particular context of the phonology. Such an example as a contrast of the word-final...
Over the years man has developed various forms of writing to convey information or messages. The forms include pictographic, ideographic, logographic, phonographic and alphabetic. Pictographic form of writing is where drawings or symbols are used for illustration. Drawings are used to express or transmit ideas. This form of writing has...
Introduction The differences between various English accents are a well-researched topic, particularly when it comes to the North American and British variations. The difference in how various groups pronounce words may be the most important point of discussion on the topic. It is the most overt difference between various modes...
Martha’s Vineyard is commonly known for its integration of deaf members into everyday community life. There have been various literary works on how this involvement helped the whole community thrive. Two such works are by Nora Ellen Groce and Barry Crouch. There are many similarities and differences between Groce’s and...
Introduction By introducing students to the Arabic language and improving their skills in different types of speech activity, one should take into account that active perception should be promoted. In the context of working with younger pupils, building an educational program based on emotional contact can help establish contact and...
Introduction While teaching and learning language are sometimes perceived as merely providing and obtaining a particular set of prescriptive forms, language is a structural and multifaceted system that integrates knowledge about cultural and social phenomena. This paper aims to examine my personal development as a language learner based on the...
Introduction Research Background Since time in sundry, the art of movement and gesture were the main tools of communication among human beings (Assalahi, 2013). Basically, as a visual language, art has expressive and receptive components through which different ideas may be communicated void of any audible speech (Amin, Benachaiba, &...
Introduction Grammar denotes the system of rules that guide the conventional setting and connection of words in a given sentence, which means that it addresses the structure or form of languages. There are numerous methods that teachers use while teaching grammar. Some of the approaches are the grammar-translation method, the...
Introduction/Thesis statement The foremost issue, within the theoretical framework of translation-paradigm, has traditionally been considered the fact that the syntactical structure and semiotic mechanisms of Source Languages (SL) often prove irreconcilable with that of Target Languages (TL). Therefore, it does not come as a particular surprise that, while addressing the...
Conditional Mood The source of the chosen text is the trailer for the movie called The Grey. The following excerpt will be used: “How hard would you fight; how far would you go…to get back home?” (TheGreyMovie2012, 2011). This piece has been chosen to illustrate how conditional mood should be...
Introduction Expressing negation through conversational exchanges can serve many functions (Gönen, 2011, p. 253). At this point, the exchange of information between speakers can be improved through the presence of Contrastive Discourse Markers (CDMs) (Khatib & Safari, 2011, p. 243). An actual engagement of Saudi college English learners in a...
Summary The authors of both articles conducted a descriptive research study by adopting a longitudinal data collection method among the participants for 10-12 months. However, the instruments of data collection differed. The review of the Iranian study (Papi & Abdollahzadeh, 2012) shows that the authors collected data using the observation...
The article titled, Literacy and Literacies by James Collins mainly highlights how studies on literacy have served to influences general studies on culture and knowledge. Collins asserts that most of the scholars on the topic argued from the awareness that within any society, there are inherent intellectual differences amongst individuals...
The point of financial literacy learning is in letting people engage in available social opportunities and relations that lead to sustained wellbeing and improved financial performance during their lifetime. Abstract Low literacy is a serious problem in Canada. What accounts for literacy and how to teach financial literacy are the...
The Multi-Genre Analysis of Barrister’s Opinion The article of Hafner (2010) is dedicated to a narrow and specific issue in applied linguistics – the investigation of the genre of barrister’s opinion. The author claims that the present genre is seriously under-researched, but it still represents a very interesting and informative...
Discuss William Littlewoods’s point of view on choosing what to teach William Littlewood (1981) argues that language education should reflect the communicative needs of students. The problem is that in many cases, children are supposed to learn mostly about various structural elements of the language. For instance, one can speak...
Diversity of language and culture Back in elementary school, a Korean boy had some speech problems. His problem in the speech was notable when speaking letters r, l, and sh. The problem was as well notable in words that contain these letters. His reading skills were poor, coupled with unusually...
Brown, R. (1973). A first language. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd. The present work is dedicated to the peculiarities of sentence construction and sentence understanding since the author believes these issues are of central importance to understanding English grammar and successfully mastering it. He outlines several essential aspects of...
Despite the popular idea that, due to technological advances, which children are fascinated by, it is very hard to get a child excited with reading, the latter can, in fact, be turned into a child’s hobby rather easily. According to what Dr. Peter Afferbach states, watching children learn to read,...
Introduction The literary work that we have thoroughly discussed this week was very significant and interesting to me in many ways. This literal work made me understand literature in a different way. Generally literature restores our past, arouses our imagination, praises the common place, stirs up emotions and serves as...
Introduction In this paper what will be examined are the differences in speech between bilinguals and monolinguals through the use of the following YouTube videos: Speaking English in the Philippines Speaking English in the U.S. The videos show two distinct population sets, one being Filipino and the other American. The...
Introduction Researchers have concentrated on incidental vocabulary learning, especially when examining the efficacy of glosses. From the backdrop of most empirical research studies, Rott and Williams (2003) have established that incidental vocabulary learning can be swiftly enhanced when glosses are made available. This conclusive finding works best when both non-gloss...
Thai students often have problems with using the English grammar constructions and tenses because they do not use inflected forms of the verb in their language. Thus, much attention should be paid to the additional practice in using Past Simple constructions and verb inflections by Thai students (Swan & Smith,...
Chapter four summary This chapter concentrates on the role played by a reported speech in oral literature. The author begins by asserting the importance of excellent structural elements in reported speech. Direct speech is restrictive in the way of reporting while the reported speech gives the speaker some flexibility to...
Present the research topic and aims of the research The research topic of the study conducted by Barbara Johnstone, Kathleen Ferrara, and Judith Mattson Bean is gender, politeness, and discourse management in same-sex and cross-sex opinion-poll interviews. The objective of the research was to understand the means of the utilization...
History of Bilingualism in the US Despite the fact that a lot of Americans see bilingualism as a modern trend reflecting the present-day diversity of the nation, the historical perspective of the issue reveals that it has always been present in the country. The earliest settlers were not exclusively English...
Criteria of a good test Content validity is one of the criteria used to determine a good test. A test is said to be good if its content represents a representative part of language skilfulness and construction among others with which it should deal with. Content validity in grammar is...
Explain how the interactive practices between adults and young children promote language development. Why is the approach you chose better than the other approaches? The nativist interpretation is the most logical of all psychological approaches to childhood language development. This is because each human being is endowed with an innate...
Findings in previous studies about the ways that literature can improve the language skills of ESL students Literature has been used over the years as one of the ways of teaching English as a second language. The literature has been incorporated in modern-day technology, such as videos and audios that...
One can easily think of a few words that are likely to be found in a child’s first lexicon. Such words as “mama,” “dada,” “hi,” “bye,” and “no” are widespread early utterances. The important issue is why those words may become someone’s first. Analyzing early utterances can help gain insight...
Content analysis is a term used to refer to the act of altering the symbolic composition of a document from qualitative form to quantitative form. Content analysis may also be described as an example of coding. Coding means compiling similar elements or behaviors into a reduced number of categories. It...
Introduction The English language has increasingly become important throughout the world today particularly in the Arab world. This is why educators and parents in Saudi Arabia have become concerned about their children’s limited level in English especially in oral communication. English is a major problem in Saudi especially among the...
Brain and Language Production Parts of brain There are four parts of the brain, which are the Broca’s area, the Wernicke’s area, the areas known as “the motor cortex and the accurate fasciculus” (Yule, 2010, p. 139). Localization view The ability of the human brain to correlate different aspects of...
Introduction Expressing negation through conversational exchanges can serve many functions (Gönen, 2011). An actual engagement of EFL Saudi interlocutors in a conversational exchange to negate can clearly reflect their inadequate knowledge of the pragmatic functions of CDMs in spoken discourse (Lewis, 2011). The way they frequently negate, by means of...
The English language is the most studied languages around the world. Most of the non-native speakers living outside Europe or America have a very good command of written English, but their spoken English is sometimes pathetic. On the other hand, non-native speakers living in Europe and America can speak English...
Introduction The book analyses how various scholars and philosophers provided vital input to the foundations of language during the Hellenistic age. The main consideration in the book is to engage the philosophy of language, linguistics, and other aspects such as the nature and origin of languages as a medium of...
Introduction The language that people use is multifaceted and unique. With the help of speech, a person can not only convey his or her thoughts and communicate with an interlocutor. Over the past thousand years, human communication has reached a new level, becoming the object of study of many linguists....
Introduction Understanding the differences between genres and their purposes is critical in writing, as it helps distinguish between the writing styles and figurative language (Wardle & Downs 5). Mass media reporting and scientific researches tend to use various means of expression to deliver the message to the audience. To support...
Introduction The short story under analysis is entitled “Crimson Abbey.” This horror story dwells upon a patient at a mental hospice of the future. It is necessary to note that the story addresses an issue of insanity, which is quite popular in modern society. At present, literate people tend to...
Preschool and early school years are crucial for children to develop their language and literacy skills and increase the linguistic repertoire to use it during conversation, narration, reading, and writing (Owens, 2015). For this reason, children can acquire tremendous benefits from home or classroom activities targeted at enhancing their literacy...
Teaching strategies The article provides useful and valuable insights into the teaching strategies that educators can use when instructing ELLs (English language learners). One of the most effective instructional practices is an explicit instruction that demonstrates how a task is going to be done and what the teacher and their...
Vocabulary Instruction Vocabulary is crucial for successful text comprehension. Although not many students understand that at first, it is mainly the teacher’s duty to show students how important vocabulary is and why it should be memorized and used. Sedita (2005) points out that there are several categories of students who...
Introduction The growing number of English language learners (ELLs) is a problem with which the education system of the United States is faced. Numerous English second language (ESL) schools offer their services to immigrants and their families. However, early literacy and academic performance of ELLs are still at a low...
Introduction: The Research Background: The Power of Negation The history of English discourse development is rather complicated. Like any other issue that presupposes not only the tangible evidence like texts or any other form of keeping the track of the necessary data but also such ephemeral elements like oral speech,...
Of all people, a writer is, perhaps, the person that is expected to treat their language with most care and respect. However, the idea of using a language appropriately is rather loose, mostly because the very concept of correct use of the language is quite vague (Crossley et al. 100)....
Discourse markers Discourse markers are elements that are applied in communication to enable conversations to become more articulate. However, the particles augment insignificant meanings in rephrasing the expressions (Povolná, 2012). For instance, elements including oh, well, now as well as you know are some of the syntactically autonomous words. In...
Korean is a language I know little (or rather nothing) about. However, I know that it is completely different from English and even such languages as Chinese, Japanese. Therefore, I am a bit anxious about my future lessons in Korean. I am aware of the fact that the communicative approach...
The ESL student needs are integral parts of our curriculum because students are divided into different language proficiency levels in K-2 according to the expectations based on the study level. In this respect, students are assessed in terms of the listening/speaking, writing, and reading skills that are essential for further...
Early childhood education is the background for preparing young children for primary school education. During this stage, the children are equipped with strategies of reading, writing, and doing some other works. The education given to children at early childhood is meant to encourage them to interact with the environment, play...
