1243 samples of this type
Introduction The term magnesium was derived from the word magnesia which is the district in Greece from which magnesium was first mined. The importance of magnesium in plants was discovered by scientists such as Mayer, Knop, Sachs, and Salm-Horstmar; and then in 1904-1902, Willstarter identified magnesium to be part of...
Introduction PCR is a biotechnological invention that is used to analyze genetic material and synthesize copies of the same. It analyses the very tiny fragments of genetic material including the damaged material to a level which can be easily studied. For the past hundred years, PCR has been the most...
Introduction Biological systems contain a wide range of fatty acids in cell membranes and stored fat. In particular, the cell membrane of microbial organisms consists of a bilayer of glycerophospholipids in which the fatty acids are esterified to glycerol (Carlsson 1973, p.288). Microbial fatty acids are unique from one species...
Many scientists tried to understand what consciousness is and how it interacts with the world, and Anil Seth, in his speech, also talks about his findings on this topic. Seth (2017) says that people hallucinate all the time, and the images that they perceive as reality are formed by the...
When Charles Darwin visited the Galapagos Islands in the 1830s, thirteen species of finches inhabited the place. Finches show a variety of shapes and sizes of beaks, all of which are suitable for their different types of food and lifestyles. Darwin gave this phenomenon the following explanation: they are all...
Introduction Combinatorial chemistry is a new technique found by scientists mainly for the process of discovering drugs. It is a technology for carrying out simultaneous synthesis as well as testing of hundreds and thousands of compounds of related structure in a single container. Traditional chemistry is usually marked by the...
Molecular biology, along with ‘GenBank’ plays an important role in genetic disorders. More than 200 single-gene disorders have been detected. It determines the molecular genetic defects in various diseases. These include amongst others cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, and thalassaemia. Modes of inheritance are essential knowledge in genetic counseling and...
Introduction Biological evolution refers to descent with modification. Biologically, descent is taken to refer to the concept of passing traits from one generation to another while on other hand modification is regarded as the change in the composition and frequency of the gene.This is the concept through which the modern...
Prokaryotes are organisms that lack a cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle, while Eukaryotes possess both. The nucleus is one of the most important structures required in living organisms. The nucleus can be thought of as the ‘brain’ of the cell. Mostly Prokaryotes are single-celled or unicellular, except the...
Introduction The use of theoretical foundations, which have become the central milestones in the course’s study, is necessary to consolidate and generalize the knowledge obtained. Application of the studied statistical information allows translating theoretical bases into a practical activity that stimulates a student’s professional and creative development as a specialist....
Introduction Etiologic agent Brucellosis is a common infection that affects man, swine, goats, and cattle, although it rarely infects wild mammals such as deer in the United States. The disease is responsible for the occurrence of abortion in cattle (Ingebrigtsen, Ludwig, Arlin, & McClurkin, 1986). Brucellosis is caused by bacteria...
Chapter 1 The first chapter of the book Why Evolution is True by Coyne is an introduction to evolution and how it is driven by natural selection. Charles Darwin coined the theory that all life forms resulted from evolution, which was largely propelled by natural selection, which bases on the...
Introduction Methicilin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterial strain that is resistant to beta-lactam antibiotic penicillin. It is also known as multidrug resistant Staph. In the hospital set up, patients who make use of invasive devices, have compromised immune system, and have open wound have greater chances of getting...
Radiation results from the decay of unstable nuclei to give out particles that could destroy normal tissues leading to diseases such as cancer. Radioactive elements are referred to as ionizing radiations that can impact the chemical and physical traits of the molecules they are exposed to. Radiation comprises high-energy particles,...
The effects of environmental pollution on the global marine ecosystem, as well as local ones, have been tremendously adverse, with multiple species having become extinct or approaching the stage of extinction. Therefore, strategies for restoring the ecosystems that said organisms need to survive and thrive must be introduced into the...
Bispenol-A (BPA) is a very essential chemical compound used in the manufacture of a variety of plastic-based materials. For instance, the manufacture of epoxy resins as well as the polycarbonate plastics heavily relies on the availability of bisphenol A (Chenier, 2002). The plastics are thereafter used to make containers for...
A study conducted at Paul Sabatier University found that societal shifts caused ancient hunter-gatherers to prefer male horses. The research used DNA from the remains of ancient horses to determine alterations in animal husbandry preferences. The study of DNA, starting with the human genome, has broadened to allow researchers to...
The overall aim of this report is to explain the use of chromatography procedure in separating the components of lycopene. Conjugated polyenes with multiple single or double bonds alternating give fruits and flowers the different colorations feature. According to Answers.com (2010) lycopene is a red carotenoid pigment and a polyene...
The brain is one of the most complex body organs, and addressing the issues that relate to it can be sophisticated as well. The TED Talk video gives an elaborate description of the common misunderstanding of the brain like a bag of chemicals and that related ailments can be resolved...
In 1998 French researchers Christian Vaisse, Karine Clement, Bernard Guy-Grand & Philippe Froguel published an article A frameshift mutation in human MC4R is associated with the dominant form of obesity in the scientific journal Nature genetics. The article implies exploring the human melanocortin-4 receptor and its relation to obesity. The...
The incidence of malaria has been increasing at an alarming rate. Nearly 3000 million people are reported to be affected annually and 1/3 of them die. Confronting malaria has achieved good progress in the elimination of mosquito species that would carry Plasmodium parasites by eradiation of breeding grounds and using...
Digestion Process The process of digestion occurs in the digestive system. This process is the source of energy for all living creatures. Digestion involves the breakdown of large junks of food into small molecules that can be absorbed into the system. The process occurs in three key steps. These are...
Heart anatomy The heart consists of four chambers through which blood inconsistent flows. They are divided by heart walls that are made of cardiac muscle as the whole structure. The upper compartments are called atria (singular: atrium), and the lower ones are ventricles. Atlas of Human Cardiac Anatomy interactively shows...
Introduction Background of ESI-MS Research studies by Tang et al (2001:1658-1663), Bruins (1998:345-357) and Kebarle and Tang (1993:972A-985A) reported that ElectronSpray ionization (ESI) is a method that is employed in mass spectrometry to produce charged particles. Bruins (1998:348) reported that ESI is employed to molecules of high molecular mass because...
Introduction DNA profiling is an odd identification genetic passport that carries information about several dozen genome regions belonging to one person. DNA profiling analyzes the number of repeating elements in a selected area of the genome. The repeating part is called a tandem repeat, and the amount is variable. The...
The aim of this experiment is to show how natural enzymatic reducing agents are as effective as the chemical ones. A reduction process is characteristically the gain of two hydrogen atoms or the loss of an oxygen atom, or both (Fox & Whitesell, 2007). This results to a structural configuration...
Introduction Chemistry education is aimed at preparing one for better living. Chemistry occupies a central position among science subjects. Chemistry is conceptualized as gaining knowledge problem-solving and constructing personal understandings. Chemistry can be defined as using our knowledge of how matter is put together and how it interacts with other...
The eight videos on the site depict the process of human reproduction and the scientific principles governing the reproductive process (www.pbs.org). The videos are placed in a sequential manner; one following the other with a total viewing time of one hour during which the birth of a new baby and...
Ethnography is a formal process of intuitive understanding something people are keen on. The ethnographers observe, record, and describe social relations in written. Their primary sources of data are questions, conversations, notes, interpretation of conventional signs, and spending time in the environment they aim to investigate. The difference between ethnographers...
Introduction Animal bodies contain chromosomes that carry DNA segments called genes. Genes are important, in that, in human beings, genes determine characterization. For example, genes determine the hair color, loftiness, and heaviness of human beings. Moreover, genes are paramount in establishing behavior patterns and personalities in human beings. Nevertheless, genes...
Influenza viruses can be categorized into three. These subtypes are named as A, B and C with A type viruses infecting humans, birds, horses, pigs and other animals. The natural hosts for these viruses are wild birds. A review of available substantiation on potential transmission of avian influenza indicates that...
The development of new branches within biology laid the foundation for understanding the subtle mechanisms of cell functioning in general and of its components. It became apparent that the genetic apparatus occupies the central place in a cell. Thus, a prospect of directed influence on the structure and functioning of...
The duration, amplitude, and shape of the compound action potential change with an increase in stimulus strength. When stimulation increases in strength, more fiber nerves are activated and the AP of the fibers summates a CAP and as a result, when the stimulus happens to be stronger a large segment...
The United States of America consists of 50 states. Among them is New York, which is located in the North-Eastern part of the continent. It is considered the most populated with almost 19 million people, yet it stands at number 27 in terms of land space in America (“52 Interesting...
This report aims to the benzoine condensation reaction for formation of new carbon compounds. These are cyanide ion and thiamine. Two processes of major significance in the biochemistry field are the sugar synthesis and sugar metabolism processes. Sugar, a carbon compound by itself is the input in these processes, the...
Abstract The Gaucher disease type 1 category is a genetically related complication in which there is an automatic recession in the way lysosomes store some important gene enzymes. This abnormality is mainly caused by the slow or sometimes dormant reactivity of the genetic chemical substance called beta-glucocerebrosidase. The latter is...
Introduction General idea Erdal, 2003, states that this project seeks to provide fundamental information on the size of gas bubbles produced in oil from a cyclonic inlet to a gas/oil separator. FRAMES Separation BV support the work, and will consist of three phases: Phase 1 “Gas Carry under” – will...
Over the past 50 years, the functions of zoos have changed significantly. Initially, they were intended to maintain wild animals in the areas where they had not spread and demonstrate them to the urban population and the city tourists. In addition, the construction of zoos implied a scientific function, as...
Low cost and rapid performance displayed by the whole-cell biosensor technology has led to increased interest in them. In addition bacterial biosensors are highly accurate, simple and easy to manufacture. Today, the technology of bioluminescent and fluorescent biosensors can, for example, be applied in the sensing of toxic metals and...
Introduction Tomlin, Lowis and Read (1991) indicate that many people exhibit clinical signs that are associated with constipation, anal inflammation, hemorrhoids, diarrhea and irritable bowel syndrome. According to Cristtofaro, Mottu and Wuhrmann (1974), other patients suffer from anemia and nutrient mal-absorption which predisposes secondary infections and illnesses. These clinical signs...
Ice is usually considered to be a mineral that consists of hydrogen oxide. When ice is frozen at a constant pressure of 1 atmosphere the resultant effect is that it becomes less dense than liquid water by 9%. At 00c, ice has a density of 0.9167 g/cm3 compared to liquid...
Abstract Based on the fact that minerals are always made of aqueous matter, minute liquid-blebs could be collected within structures that are crystalline in nature or that have been with healed-fractures. The tiny blebs may be within the ranges of zero point one to one point zero millimeters; due to...
Cells need to produce considerable amounts of energy to sustain day-to-day operations and reproduce to grow and create new organisms. For example, the meiosis process involves the replication of chromosomes so that one cell can become four gametes (Ko, Chapter 13, 7). The photosynthesis light reaction is the first stage...
Silencers RNA silencing is an evolutionary conserved intracellular surveillance system based on the recognition and targeting of RNAs containing regions that are double stranded. Typical roles of RNA silencing include genome defense and specification of heterochromatin formation, posttranscriptional inhibition of gene expression by miRNA and antiviral defense. RNA silencing is...
Introduction Biotechnology is the use of organisms or their derivatives that are modified to suit human needs. This field is gaining popularity in different fields like medicine, agriculture, and food science where different products are produced in large amounts overcoming obstacles that have rocked these fields. For instance, it is...
Introduction In 2012, John B. Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Their discovery lies in the fact that mature cells can turn back into their stem cell form and then become a different kind of tissue than they were initially. Stem cells are...
The genetic composition of an organism is what is referred to as the genotype. The genotype is composed of a pair of alleles and it is what is manifested as the phenotype or observable characteristics of an organism. The pairs of alleles are confined in a locus having different phenotypic...
Introduction Molecular biology tools include polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which requires a mRNA template or a cDNA template, polymerase enzyme and a primer; mainly an oligonucleotide primers. The design of the best primer is important for the success of many molecular biology techniques such as polymerase chain Reaction, hybridization, sequencing...
Calcium is an essential element within the process of muscle contraction due to its direct involvement in the interaction between muscle fiber proteins, such as actin, troponin, and myosin. Myofibrils have the ability to interact with ATP and contract only in the presence of certain concentrations of calcium ions in...
Introduction Bioremediation is an essential biological process that entails the application of microorganism or their products in the decontamination of the environment. Microorganisms can degrade pollutants in their environment by using them as substrate materials for their enzymes in the generation of metabolic energy (Perpetuo et al., 2011). Increasing levels...
Bacteria The paper aimed to study the mechanism by which gram-negative bacteria resist killing by antimicrobial peptides which are found in a diverse range of organisms and help restrict the growth of invading bacteria. Earlier studies have shown that gram-negative bacteria acquire resistance to antimicrobial peptides through modification in the...
The concept of social ontology refers to exploring the nature and features of society. Comte, one of the most prominent French philosophers, discussed social ontology from the point of positivism. The ideas of this philosopher composed the fundamentals of modern sociology. Comte’s law of three stages shows the evolution of...
The course of human anatomy begins with the definition of the body’s organs and systems that have various functions. All these systems are essential, but some organs are called vital, while others are not vital. This paper aims to name and discuss the purposes of the key vital organs, describe...
Reptiles are popular animals that can be easily identified by people due to their typical characteristics. For instance, snakes have always made human beings joining opposite sides of the discussion on whether they like them or not. To begin with, reptiles are a group of slithering animals that have a...
The process of cell division is a fundamental process that sustains life. Almost all human cells reproduce through mitosis, which creates genetically identical cells (Daily Med Ed, 2015a). Thus, the continuity in several cell generations is maintained, and the working capacity of human tissues is maintained. However, some cells, for...
According to the survival of the fittest concept, there is a mechanism of natural selection that leads to reproductive success. Darwin’s evolutionary theory refers to the species that can adjust to the environment to translate their attributes to the future generations. Based on the “On the Origin of Species” by...
Introduction All Chemical reactions, reproduction processes, cellular functioning, and general body development require energy for proper functioning. Deficiency in energy supply to body parts leads to death in all living organisms. Photosynthetic organisms utilize the sun as their main source of energy, through the conversion of solar energy to chemical...
Introduction Copy number variations (CNVs) have more impacts on DNA sequence within the human genome than single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). CNVs have gained a lot of importance which are widely accepted even if there are no fully evaluated optimal methods of identifying the disparities between the two. CNV has functional...
Organelles are a category of structures that constitute the cell within the organism. The most prominent one in eukaryotic cells is the nucleus, which contains the DNA and controls the cell’s operations. The mitochondria are primarily responsible for energy conversion, and the ribosomes produce proteins that are necessary for operations....
The selected topic is the impact of genes on behavior. This topic is interesting due to the numerous debates on whether there is a correlation between genes and personality or behavior. Critically, there are studies that claim that twins often have the same behaviors. Considering this, therefore, one can argue...
Introduction Today’s emphasis on genetic technology and its application has major implications for healthcare now and in the future. Nurses need to understand the importance of integrating new knowledge of genetics into their practices and be able to help patients cope with the genetic basis of disease. Nurses also need...
As ordinary people live day to day, they do not always think of those secrets and interesting questions that scientists are still trying to find answers to. For example, what is the current evolutionary state, and what exactly will the future bring to humans? When a person looks ahead to...
Introduction A parasite’s location is a fundamental factor which determines the behavioral changes in hosts such as rodents, which are infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Brain is the common part of the body attacked by the parasite. Toxoplasma gondii is a single-celled protozoan parasite which causes toxoplasmosis and is associated with...
Individuals are born with an identity, but they also need to belong to a group. However, people with genetic disorders have historically been isolated. Fear and stigmatization by others make their life unbearable as they struggle to fit in the society. Two of Buttler’s fiction stories reveal some critical issues...
Introduction When it comes to the formation of a unique environmental unit, a holobiont can link an individual host to a variety of interactive microorganisms, and microbiota (Bachmann et al. 2017). According to Casadevall and Pirofski (2014), the holobiont relationship explores the connection between microbiome and microbiota. Microbiomes refer to...
Summary The article understudy is devoted to the topic of genetic association and the prognosis of phenotypic characters. In practice, the probability of successfully measuring these parameters depends on the exact determination of the human phenotype (Wollstein, et al., 2017). The study focuses on such a topic as human iris...
A brain tumor is an incompletely studied disease, which, nevertheless, is dangerous for people. The tumor itself represents the formation of cancerous cells inside the brain (Kivi & Leonard, 2017). Since Mr. Mateo’s list of signs contains impaired vision, it can be assumed that the cancer is in the occipital...
Understanding the primary aspects of the setting where a particular population resides is instrumental in meeting its needs accordingly. Therefore, using data aggregates such as Claritas.com, where data is presented based on the ZIP code of an area, is an important step in delineating the general direction of the further...
Ideal delivery systems for gene therapy should be safe and efficient. Non-viral DNA transposons and retro-transposons have been successfully applied in mammalian gene transfer in vitro. For example, the Sleeping Beauty (SB) system has been utilized to generate transgenic mouse models. A more versatile tool developed recently for mutagenesis is...
Throughout her life, the author has been confronted with ideas — broadcasted by teachers and parents, among others — about the inability to restore nervous tissue. Thus, the adults tried to show how harmful to be nervous so such opinions can be perceived as protection, but as it turned out,...
Blood vessels in the body and their function There are five types of blood vessels. These are the veins, arteries, capillaries, venules, and arterioles. The arteries take blood away from the heart, they also provide oxygenated blood to the body cells. Arteries branch into smaller vessels called arterioles, which help...
There is a widespread belief among people that self-awareness and control are responsible for all actions taken. However, in reality, some behavioral patterns and motives are controlled not by consciousness at all, but by the work of neurotransmitters. In other words, not all actions and decisions are controlled by a...
Introduction The evolution theory is an umbrella of three ideas that Charles Darwin came up with. These are “microevolution”, which is the genetic build-up of an organism as it mutates. This occurs due to natural mistakes in the reproduction of the next generation and thus a difference in the next...
Multifactorial or complex diseases can stem from several factors as it becomes clear from the title. It may be a genetic impairment or unhealthy lifestyle habits, inheritance, or a combination of them. For example, heart disease can be called multifactorial because there can be many issues that cause the heart...
Bilateral is a hypothetical organism, Urbilateria, and was the last common ancestor of Deuterostomia (echinoderms and the various chordate phyla) and Protostomia also referred to us higher animals. Classically, these two groups, the Deuterostomia, and Protostomia differed in a number of respects. Some of these characteristics have been challenged recently,...
Introduction There is no doubt that modern technologies greatly simplify human life, especially if it concerns computers and intelligent systems. Being a part of a developed digital society, the consumer integrates with existing technical solutions every day and, therefore, hardly perceives them as something fantastic. In biological technologies, the situation...
All organisms consist of cells that are the basic units of life. Every cell is a complex structure that includes various fewer components. These elements are called organelles, and cells use them to perform specific jobs. There are many organelles, and cilia are among their number. This research paper will...
Warehousing is an essential element of the supply chain, and its significance increases when it comes to perishable goods. It is so because inadequate warehousing conditions decrease the products’ quality and shorten their shelf life. Thus, organizations should draw much attention to ensure that they store their goods properly. The...
Abstract The amount of digital memory is increasing day by day, while the power potential of typical silicon and other semiconductor transistors is severely limited. The researchers propose as an alternative to use natural biomolecules contained in the organisms of all living things, namely, DNA. DNA, with its unique chemical...
Trillions of cells build the human body, and their lifespan processes keep organs and systems alive. The most significant operations are metabolism to grow and reproduction of cells, as they support an organism’s overall environment. Fermentation, aerobic and anaerobic respiration are essential parts of this maintenance. Microbes apply them for...
Introduction Hominid fossils can provide biologists with the crucial insights into the ancestral background of modern humans. The Skhul V specimen was found in 1932 by Theordore McCown and Hallum Movius Jr (Homo Sapiens: Skhul V). The location of the finding served as the inspiration for the fossil’s name. In...
Introduction Graffiti consists of writings, slogans, depictions, squiggle or painted walls or private and public surfaces. The term “graffiti” is derived from the Latin word “graphium” with the meaning of to write. “Graffiti” is a term which was originally used by archeologists in describing pictures and inscriptions found on the...
Introduction Genotyping refers to the process of finding differences in the genetic constitution of an individual through the examination of the entity’s DNA sequence using biological assays. The DNA sequence is then compared to a reference sequence to pinpoint the disparities (Abdurakhmonov 2018). Such a process may uncover alleles that...
The classification of organisms based on their structure implies their belonging to either prokaryotic or eukaryotic types. The cells forming these organisms vary in both anatomy and function. The principal anatomical difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is in the presence of a membrane that bounds organelles and the nucleus in...
The New Career Prospects A few decades ago, genetics was mostly a science-related sphere of employment. However, according to Portman (2016), this is changing today. Nowadays, people with a degree in genetics can have solid career prospects in medicine and even agriculture (“Genetics jobs in the United States,” 2017). Daily...
Introduction William Foxwell Albright was an American archaeologist born in Chile. He is well remembered for his involvement in excavation of the biblical sites and his expertise in history and culture of the Near East. During his life, he conducted excavations at several places in Palestine. His most renowned work...
Cell Theory Cells are the basic unit of life that makes up every living organism. Cells were discovered by an English scientist known as Robert Hooke; he observed the structure of a thinly sliced cork under the light microscope which he invented (Khan Academy, 2015). He observed in the dead...
DNA is a unique code that identifies each person, and science keeps revealing its opportunities to find more information about humanity. Nowadays, the unique nature of DNA is utilized for multiple purposes, such as finding biological parents or victims of catastrophes and convicting criminal offenders. However, is there a guarantee...
A specimen chosen for propagation analysis is a citrus tree. Citrus plants, like most fruit plants, are propagated by seeds, as well as various grafts, taps, and cuttings. The propagation of citrus fruits helps gardeners to obtain yields of domestic lemons, mandarins, and oranges from plants that have previously developed...
GMO is the abbreviation for any organism whose genetic code has undergone an artificial, targeted change. It is essential to understand that this applies only to those transformations that cannot occur either as a result of selection or as a result of evolution. Modern biotechnology allows the movement of genetic...
Introduction During sprint races among sportspeople, the most crucial emphasis is placed on the time for which an athlete can run. A short distance does not mean easy performance professional sprinters must demonstrate incredible coordination and speed performance to be the first among their competitors. Every hundredth of a second...
Introduction We are “Red Panda,” a mammalian species native to southwestern China and the eastern Himalayas (see Appendix 1). We are the only members of the Ailuridae family (we could have been raccoons but scientists opted to place us in a separate family). We live both in the wild and...
Introduction In the article, the author is trying to highlight the issue of integration in Europe. This is in terms of the religious groups and the discrimination they face in European countries. The topic is important as it shows the underlying issues that are hindering integration in Europe. The controversy...
Octopuses are oviparous animals, which means that they lay the eggs outside their body. The female octopus’ mission is to produce viable eggs and ensure that its children successfully come out. It has two cream-colored and granular ovaries, making up 25 or 30 percent of its body mass, although it...
Interview Answers Ethnic background: Cuban; country of origin: Cuba; religion: Catholicism; the number of generations in the U.S.: 1. Alternative medicine in Cuba is an essential cultural and traditional practice, and thus, I always adhere to medicinal plant species in order to treat any form of illness. I maintain my...
Paleolithic period To the present moment, it can be said for sure that the Paleolithic and Neolithic art and life were not uniform. Although during the Upper Paleolithic period, which was about 30-40 thousand years ago, human consciousness did not yet allow them to create genuine masterpieces, primitive people used...
The article “Nevruz’ or ‘Newroz’? Deconstructing the ‘Invention’ of a Contested Tradition in Contemporary Turkey” is a dissertation, written by Lerna K. Yanik, on the study and documentation of public celebrations in Turkey during the 1990s era. According to the article, “the concept of Nevruz and its cerebrations are associated...
First of all, it should be noted that the nervous tissue is not a usual cluster of neurons, but a harmonious integration of interactions between neurons and glial cells that fill the free space. The parallel work of neurons coupled with the functionality of glial cells allows for full brain...
Glacial Movement Mountain glaciers are large terrestrial ice formations in the mountains. Their shape depends on the surrounding terrain, and the movement is determined by the inclination of the surface. The move is acceleration-based, where the increase in speed can be seen. The overall pace is affected only by the...
In their article, Di Nardo et al. presented the results of the experiment on assigning the value of pKa to a specific residue related to a cytochrome P450 (1186). It is possible to agree with the results of this experiment that is associated with observing the evidence regarding an elevated...
Biological Molecules These are carbon-based compounds that are found in all living things. They include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. They can all be broken down into single units called monomers. Its monomers are monosaccharides, which include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Glucose has two isomers, alpha, and beta glucose,...
The issue of ethnic minorities seems to have played a significant role in the history of the Turkish Republic. Amy Mills characterizes the Turkish nation as ethnically Turkish and religiously Muslim while mentioning many minorities that play a significant role in defining the identity of Turkey. According to Mills, even...
Darwin’s book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life published in late 19th century was one of the most monumental works of that time. Darwin’s theory created a ripple of scientific and cultural feedback that would...
In the organic farming technique, farmers do not use any synthetics or chemicals. The organic farming techniques aim is providing highest nutritional foodstuffs with little effect on the natural environment. Some of the core methods involved in the organic farming include the use of green manure, crop rotation, biological pests...
This paper reviews chapter six that focuses on South Asia under different topics. The chapter covers physical and geographical dynamics of the region. In addition, it covers educative topics such as natural hazards, environmental challenges, human geography, and economic development. Indeed, issues about South Asia described in the chapter are...
Introduction Why Canadians cycle more than Americans: a comparative analysis of bicycling trends and policies studies the cycling habits of Americans and compares them to a much more active cycling community of Canada. The paper’s main focus is the evident difference between the popularity of cycling in two counties despite...
Conception is the process by which a spermatozoon, which is a male germ cell, released from testis penetrates the ovum released from the ovary of a female and fuses with it fertilizing it. During fertilization, both the ovum and the sperm disintegrate and release their genetic content leading to formation...
The article is a dissertation documented by Yucel Demirer, discussing the study of the contested versions of the solar New Year celebration, and also studies their political and cultural effects on the Turkish political scene (Demirer 5). The author tries to compare the developments of the solar New Year celebrations...
Introduction The determination of the origin of humans on the Earth, as well as other beings, has been the core debate among anthropologists, biologists, and church representatives for decades. The introduction of Darwin’s theory heightened the debates as his Evolution theory became opposed to the beliefs and teachings of the...
Global warming and the water crisis is the title of a paper written by Kanae Shinjiro addressing the main issues that affect the earth resultant of global warming including the water crisis (860-864). For a long time, people often thought that water security was an issue revolving around drinking water....
Research Philosophy My project will focus on leading change in Afghanistan. My project will explore in specific terms how Army leadership, World Bank, IMF, and ADB have implemented and adapted various strategic visions, plans, and policies to overcome the challenges faced in Afghanistan to restore security and economic stability.. For...
Introduction Japan lies on the eastern side of the Asian continent and is enclosed by the waters of the Pacific Ocean. To the east, its neighbors are China, Russia and North Korea whereas Taiwan borders it to the south. The country has a total of 6 852 islands, which together...
San Francisco’s climate falls under the Mediterranean type of climate. This type of climatic condition is characterized by moderate temperature and the temperature rarely ranging above 40 degrees or below 15 degrees. This is why San Francisco is called the “the-conditioned city”. Since San Francisco is in the middle of...
Introduction Shakhashiri B. Z., (1983, pp.213-215) defines a polymer as a substance composed of molecular particles branded by the numerous reappearance of one or more species of atoms or groups of atoms linked to each other in amounts appropriate to provide a set of properties that do not vary markedly...
Introduction The role and position of women and men in society changed from one historic period to another. This change was predetermined by different social, economic, political, and other reasons. Nowadays, we may observe that in different communities’ women and men are treated differently. Of course, one of the most...
Introduction The history of Hip Hop generally defines numerous social and cultural aspects of music development in the USA. The fact is that, this music style entails numerous directions, such as rapping, DJing, sampling, scratching and beatboxing, nevertheless, these genres and sub-genres do not restrict the further development, and hip...
Ecuador is located in South America. It gained its independence in 1830 from the colonial Spanish Empire. The country is 256,370 square kilometers nonetheless it has diverse species and it is among the seventeen megadiverse nations in the entire world. The country is of medium-income and close to 40% of...
Sharks have always been the misunderstood “monsters” of the sea. Up till very recently, very little was known about these aquatic animals aside from the perception that they are man-eaters. Such images were helped along by movies such as the Jaws series. We also have the misconception that they are...
Geographical location The Upper West Side neighbors borough and Manhattan in New York City; it is located in between Central Park which is on the eastern side and the Hudson River which is located on the western side, above the West 59th Street and below 125th Street. The region covers...
Introduction Science and development in technology has been of great assistance to human kind in one way or another. They are developed to make the life of a human being more desirable to live. What gives the problem is the dark side of these developments. However, the developers always have...
Introduction The formation of the European Union is considered a remarkable achievement that has far-reaching consequences in world politics, economy, and balance of global power. The emergence of two superpowers, namely the erstwhile Soviet Union and the USA, had resulted in an imbalance of power with regard to European nations....
Introduction Soil erosion is a process whereby soil (mostly the top fertile soil) is transported or swept away from its natural environment then deposited to other places. This usually happens as a result of blowing wind, water flow, rainfall, by the force of gravity (down slope movement of soil) and...
The Aim of the Experiment This paper presents an experiment that was conducted to determine the activity of amylase on starch at various pH levels. The main aim of this experiment was to determine the optimum pH level for action of enzyme amylase on starch. Introduction An enzyme is a...
The aim of this thesis is to apply Darwin’s theory of evolution to the seedbeds of innovation that shape the growth of companies during various phases of their business. In order to clarify this objective, the author will look into evolutionary innovation models as applicable to present-day businesses, and compare...
Inflammation and immunity Inflammation is a mechanism through which the body system reacts to injury or infection. The features of inflammation include soreness, warmth, redness, and enlargement. Inflammation, therefore, is classified under nonspecific immune responses. On the other hand, immunity is the mechanism of resistance involving the immune system or...
The population of Canada has been through some changes in the economy due to population fluctuation and in some other areas as this paper will consider. In the first place, this paper will consider the size comparison within different cities as compared to the basic income. According to the plotted...
The city of Bonn has considered one of the most sophisticated cities of Germany so that many inhabitants recognize it as another capital. The city embodies the harmony of place and time; it connects the natural and cultural landscape into one identity that creates the spiritual and moral harmony. This...
What makes us tick? In the 21st century, research in science is evolving. For the people whose careers are in the field of science the education will change as time goes by. Studies progressively depend on effective partnership among professionals with conflicting disciplinary viewpoint. Professionals should appreciate the value of...
Texas is the second largest state in the United States of America after Alaska and it has the largest population compared to all other states in America. Northeast Texas is one of the major regions that have attractive geographical features. It is made up of 23 counties and is geographically...
Introduction This paper is focused on the dangers of exposure to the chemical that was released in the environment by the L. A. Standard hotel. The effect that was felt in the environment was severe that initially it was thought that there was a terrorist gas attack at Metro station...
Introduction Established in the 1870s, Laurel remains one of the best cities to live and do business in the United States. It’s conveniently located at the center of three key U.S. cities of Baltimore, Annapolis, and Washington DC. (Robert J. Brugger, 1996)The city boasts diverse communities, excellent housing, and outstanding...
Homo floresiensis, had features that were similar to his ancestor australopithecines. He had a small body size, his legs were shorter in length and his clavicle and scapula shows he had the ability to rotate less as compared to his ancestor’s australopithecines. When we compare his hands with those of...
Introduction Business management employs various strategies to achieve results. The five steps strategy by Porter focus on outside factors like the strength/weaknesses of competitions. The resource based approach by Penrose employ the firm’s resource and capabilities to gain a competitive edge. Theories, on their part, explain why various approaches to...
The focal point of this paper is to enumerate the observation of an animal outside the class in relation to a concept of general psychology. In this context the animal chosen is a dog and the concept of general psychology is implicit memory. Implicit memory is essentially, philosophically and metaphysically,...
Introduction The brain is that part of the central nervous system positioned in the skull. It is a mass of tissue pinkish-gray in color consisting of a network of nerve cells and weighs approximately three pounds. The human brain is one of the major and important organs of the body....
Introduction What is Recombinant Bovine Growth Hormone (rBGH) ‘Recombinant Bovine Growth Hormone’ (rBGH) is one of the promising products of biotechnology that help increase the production of milk by cows and is a boon for large-scale dairy operators. The sale of milk produced from cows treated with rBGH is permissible...
The rapid development of biological science in the twentieth century has opened entirely new opportunities to humankind; one of them is the ability to change or modify the cellular structure of living organisms: plants, animals and human beings. Yet, it has also given rise to many ethical questions which are...
Introduction The Caribbean region is one of the most diverse and rich regions of the world. Its geographical situation and climate make biodiversity unique and interesting. Despite the natural beauty of this region, human activities changed somehow the landscape and endangered many species. The Caribbean region is very interesting for...
Introduction A human organism is a complicated natural phenomenon, which is subjected to various influences of the environment, natural and human-made effects of certain activities. The whole set of these influences causes various diseases, mental or physical, and leads to several psychological disorders. Depression, anxiety disorder, feelings of sadness, and...
Introduction The fear that biological weapons of warfare might be used against U.S citizens has been a source of considerable concern among politicians as well as public health officials. Media coverage concerning the issue has also risen to such an enormous that it has been a cause of panic among...
The human brain is a complex formation that is undergoing constant research and triggering multiple theories concerning its development and functioning. Inter alia, an attempt to explain the brain phenomenon was made by Howard Gardner who developed a theory of multiple intelligences in 1983. Gardner states that to explain the...
Introduction Peru is a sovereign country on the western side of South America, bordered by Chile to the south, Bolivia to the southeast, Ecuador and Colombia to the north, and Brazil to the east. It is not landlocked as the Pacific Ocean borders it in the west. The name Peru...
Introduction Cloning is one of the most debatable issues in modern medicine and the scientific community dealing with benefits and opportunities of the research and moral arguments against inhuman medical practices. Cloning is immoral because it violates the moral rights of an embryo thus it is really difficult to define...
The map of a country is among the most fundamental of a nation’s security policy. Geography is a very decisive factor in the determination of a nation’s defensive foreign policy. The geographical situation of a country is well on the way of determining whether a country is defensible or not...
Introduction Agriculture is a very important sector in the whole world economy since it makes available, food to every living person. Considering trade and agriculture, the World Trade Organization is the main body that coordinates activities in these two areas, (WTO is an international trade organization consisting of 146 member...
The Arkansas State occupies both the Northern and Western Hemisphere. It is found in the United States of America’s south-central part. This state is bordered by Missouri, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas, Tennessee, and Oklahoma. The State is located between 33 and 36 30’ North latitude and 89 41’ west longitudes. The...
The article by Will Hively entitled “Family man” discusses family-oriented behavior of birds (the species is called bee-eaters) and applies these patterns to human society. One of the aspects of bee-eaters’ behavior which surprised the scientist Emlen was their great motivation for helping the other members of their community, e.g....
Introduction The archetypes of ancient world are versatile due to the fantasy and personal beliefs of ancient people. In Etruscan reality the role of deities and polytheism itself was of great significance owing to the religious and philosophical background of Etruscans and its development. Moreover, the similarities of Etruscan mythology...
Man has been in perennial search of knowledge. He has been gifted with the tools to acquire it. Theorists have come up with a variety of ways to explain how a person comes to know things. One theory is the Information Processing Theory which identifies various components that work together...
Introduction The policy of free trade has led to the formation of new markets and hence increased business cooperation all over the world. Countries from different continents have forged cooperation so as to increase their markets and also diversify their imports to cater for their citizens. As a result, countries...
