2234 samples of this type
Social facilitation and social loafing are closely-related terms that explain the changes in performance based on the presence of others. Both of the terms are a part of group behavior. While facilitation occurs when the presence of others affects the performance of individuals in either a good or bad way,...
Abstract Young children are particularly vulnerable to different forms of trauma. Abuse and neglect of kids continue to increase at an overwhelming rate. The literature and research findings presented in this paper discuss early childhood susceptibility to trauma, symptoms, diagnostic legitimacy of early childhood trauma, and treatment approaches for youngsters....
Traumatic experiences have accompanied humanity for the entirety of its history. Each individual reacts to such episodes differently, and the examples of what is called Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder can be found in literature from various historical periods. However, the term itself was created less than 40 years ago. Ever since...
Wellness Model I am applying the three-dimensional wellness model consisting of physical, spiritual, and emotional domains. It is stated that one needs to pay attention to all eight dimensions of the wellness model such as physical, intellectual, emotional, social, spiritual, vocational, financial, and environmental. However, there is no requirement to...
Introduction Teenage is considered to be the most important stage of development. This stage has a very significant role in an individual’s physical and psychological development. It is commonly agreed that the kind of life that an individual lives at this stage has a great influence on the future life....
Introduction A trait approach to leadership provides more weight to the qualities that people are born with, instead of what they develop or the associations they develop with their employees or followers. Leadership trait theory considers that some people are born with particular character traits that support them in their...
Psychoanalysis Theory The psychoanalysis theory involved an elaborate study on one person. The main analytical method used by Freud was case studies. The case studies were meant to analyze and find the key factors that initiate the general behavior of an individual (Weiner 2003). The main assumption is that one...
Introduction Leadership is a fundamental part of growth that is required at every stage. The character than an individual displays when they have attained maturity will be a clear reflection of the kind of authority that they submitted to. Proper impartation is mostly experienced during the early stages of life...
“Critical thinking entails fair mindedness with specific traits such as intellectual humility, integrity, courage, autonomy, empathy, perseverance and confidence in reason” (Kirby & Goodpaster, 2007, p. 6). Critical thinking involves fairness and it implies in-depth thinking with highly insightful thinking. A critical thinking mind treats every opinion as relevant to...
Jean Piaget made great contribution to child psychology and development of the new approaches and concepts in this sphere. The benefit of Piaget’s theory is that young children are far more able than the theorist gave them credit for. Though, it seems that there is also a hazard of overestimating...
Most of the juvenile cases reported are committed by youngsters who fall between the age group of 11 to 17. Many reasons cause the increase in the number of juvenile delinquents this may include; cross-cultural marriages, illiteracy among parents, and peer influence. The most notable cause that has seen the...
Sexuality is a part of each person’s development, and studying even one’s own sexuality is a life-long process. Despite all the diversity of people, there still exist universal processes concerning human sexuality. One of such processes is the sexual response cycle which follows one and the same pattern, irrespective of...
The field of organizational behavior (OB) deals with the behavior and impact of the interaction of individuals, groups, and structures within an organization, in order to apply the knowledge to improve the effectiveness of the organization. Effectively an applied science, OB, draws from various social sciences. The predominant subjects, which...
Introduction Breaking Away is a light comedy with Dennis Christopher and Paul Dooley in the leading roles. It was directed by Peter Yates and released in 1979. The movie presents a story of four high-school graduates each of them having separate interests and none of them having desire to further...
Every day a person makes a number of choices. To make a good choice an appropriate approach is needed. Different problems can be solved by means of different approaches but all of them this way or another involve people’s senses. In the current paper I will consider how people rely...
Introduction A crucial component of behavioral analysis is the exploration of different types of learning. Operant conditioning (OC) and respondent conditioning (RC) are to be mastered by behavior analysis since these learning types allow teaching new behaviors with the help of specific stimuli. While OC and RC are two variants...
Abstract This document investigates how stress influences human health outcomes and explores the impact of psychosocial factors on the management of cystic fibrosis. The relationship between stress and the promotion of healthy behavior forms the primary basis for discussing how psychosocial forces influence health outcomes. The findings presented in the...
Introduction The question of how to make people behave correctly has always been significant for numerous scientists. Some of them believe that this result can be achieved with the help of punishment, while others consider the effectiveness of reinforcement. This term stands for those conditions, either internal or external, that...
Introduction People’s tendency to explain their own or others’ behaviour constitutes the basis of the attribution theory. The father of the theory, Heider, famously said that each and every person is a psychologist of their own or at least tries to be. After the concept first emerged in the 1950s,...
Introduction Leadership in the military is a complex task given the adverse working environment of officers especially during and after deployment. The long and frequent deployments coupled with consequences of combat, such as exposure to traumatic events, normally test the resilience of service members and their families. Therefore, effective coping...
Introduction Histrionic personality disorder belongs to Cluster B of personality disorders. It is characterized by distorted self-images and unstable emotions. Additionally, the patients’ self-esteem depends on the level of approval from other people. As such, self-esteem for individuals suffering from this disorder does not come from their feelings of self-worth....
Abstract Many scholars believe that personality is something permanent. However, some researchers have been focusing on different surgeries that make it easier for people to change their appearances. The argument presented in this paper is that individuals who elect to have plastic surgery develop different personalities. The surgical procedure is...
The article “Love Is in the Gaze An Eye-Tracking Study of Love and Sexual Desire” by Bolmont, Cacioppo, and Cacioppo has explored how the human gaze differs depending on whether it is related to the perception of love or lust. The study hypothesized that an individual’s gaze may vary based...
Part 1 Ms. Rollison has a comprehensive behavior management plan in place. Why isn’t it working for all of her students? Ms. Rollison fails to realize that today’s learning environment is extremely diverse and, therefore, the task of the teacher is to provide students with greater assistance. Because students have...
Individual dimensions of behavior The Disk Platinum Rule assessment that I have recently undertaken indicates that my prevailing behavioral style is dominant. It also shows that I value directness and openness in relations with other people. These character traits are closely connected with the dominant behavior style (Robbins & Judge,...
Abstract Children have an innate propensity to learn; however, they still need a teacher to guide them on their path to successful knowledge acquisition. Adults are responsible for providing a favorable learning environment allowing children to experiment with real-life materials and situations, ask questions, and find answers. Teachers should guide...
Structure-function and dysfunction issues in neuropsychology include such directional terms used to describe generalized brain locations as anterior-posterior, rostral-caudal, superior-inferior, dorsal-ventral, medial-lateral. All humans have the same brain plan and the basic directional terms. In this paper, I will define the location pairs to comprehend the ways of navigation around...
Every psychology student knows about the significant contribution of Carl Rogers to the field. He’s especially known for his humanistic theory. This essay covers all about Carl Rogers: contribution to psychology, biography, and more. Introduction Psychology is one of the oldest disciplines that has a multidimensional approaches. It is worth...
Introduction The present paper is devoted to the domain of human cognitive development and the way in which it is portrayed by the modern theory in the field. Cognitive development involves the “growth and change in the intellectual processing functions of children as they age and mentally develop” (Brubaker, 2016,...
Charlotte’s Personality The main character in the film is Drab Charlotte Vale. According to the film, Charlotte is raised up by an abusive mother. She lacks self-confidence because of her past experiences. The film shows clearly that Charlotte was an unwanted daughter. She later benefits from the services of Dr....
Introduction Posttraumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, is a holistic set of symptoms of mental activity disorders caused by a one-time or recurring strong external traumatic impact on the patient’s psyche (e.g., physical or sexual abuse, constant nervous stress associated with fear, humiliation, and empathy to the sufferings of other people)....
Introduction This mental status examination (MSE) assesses important aspects of the Patient’s (Nathanial Ayers) psychological and mental functioning, general appearance, behavior as well as overall demeanor. The decision to undertake the examination has been reached after the patient developed a violent predisposition and exhibited rapid mood swings which pointed toward...
Introduction The groundbreaking technologies of the late 20th and early 21st century have affected not only the professional lives but also the personal lives of people all over the world. While innovative devices were at first designed strictly for professional use, they soon became so popular that they have begun...
What Are They Thinking? To understand how the bystander effect, pluralistic ignorance, and diffusion of responsibility can be applied to different real-life situations, it is important to focus on analyzing people’s reactions to emergencies. The first instance to discuss is the situation when a man in a good suit is...
Anand, Nagle, Misra, and Dangi (2013) argue that “military jobs rank extremely high among the most stressful occupations in the world” (p. 1). For instance, a study conducted by the Careercast.com in 2013 indicated that the military working environment was characterized by numerous stressors (Toscano & Roberts, 2014). The major...
Science and Developmental Theory The development of psychology as a science is rooted in early philosophical ideas (Lefrançois, 2012). Philosophers emphasized that every important phenomenon finds its reflection in the human mind. Moreover, they said that everything that people comprehend is the reflection of something they already know (Lefrançois, 2012)....
Introduction The contemporary times are characterized with fast-moving lifestyles. Individuals are living on the fast lane, and in the process of making a living, the majority have forgotten to live fruitfully. The economic environment is turbulent, rumors of wars across the globe are all over the news, and natural catastrophes...
Introduction Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a condition that involves persistent phases of anger, refusal to comply with adults, arguing, and spitefulness. It is experienced for a period of at least six months. Other behaviors include deliberately annoying people, touchiness, and blaming others for their misconduct. For a child to...
Introduction The article “Little Girls or Little Women, The Disney Princess Effect” focuses on the impact that the “Disney Princess Culture” has had on the emotional and psychological development of young girls. Its line of reasoning focuses on the princess culture creating an adverse mindset in little girls wherein they...
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi is a renowned professor of psychology and the author of the book “Flow and Psychology of Discovery and Invention” and is the latest book by the professor. In this book, creativity is closely examined by the author and clearly brought out in the chapters though some people believe...
Case Presentation The client, Miguel R., was referred to the counselor by his principal from the Elementary and Middle School. The principal referred Miguel for an evaluation and possible further treatment since the patient had trouble at home and his center of learning after the recent shooting incident at the...
Introduction Counseling requires a deep and thorough understanding of the individuals seeking help. A variety of theories exist that help counselors identify patterns, roadmaps, and symptom progression in their clients. The concept of developmental milestones helps individuals identify the barriers and changes they encounter at each stage, and aids in...
Introduction Like many other living beings, humans are allowed to perceive the world around them. Although some people cannot perceive the world in the traditional sense, most perceive it through sensation and perception. The phenomena of sensation and perception are inextricably linked with each other. Thanks to them, a person...
Linking Brain Injury Location to Gage’s Behavioral Changes It is important to note that the location of the brain injury explains the changes that occurred with Phineas Gage. The reason is that the lobed part of the rod, which was in the frontal part of the brain, also damaged parts...
Introduction Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is one of the most famous and fundamental techniques for researching human behavior. This model provides a hierarchical needs framework to assist people in understanding how their needs influence their motivation and conduct. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, humans attempt to meet fundamental needs...
Recognizing Humor in Everyday Life In “Humor as Survival Training for a Stressed-Out World: The 7 Humor Habits Program” by McGhee (2010), the author explores the significance of humor in navigating the challenges of a stressful world. In the room I am in, several objects exhibit a square shape: a small...
Abstract There is a need to apply scientific studies to real-world situations for the immediate benefit of society. Charles McClintock’s model of a practitioner-scholar ushers professionals to combine theoretical research and practical application of the accumulated knowledge through a holistic, grounded approach (Dlouhy-Nelson et al., 2023). Numerous fields of study,...
Self-Regulation Theory Description The self-regulation theory is closely related to the social cognitive theory as the notion of influence and observation is incorporated in both frameworks. According to researchers, self-regulation stems from one’s skill to plan, monitor, and perceive behavior (de la Fuente et al., 2022). Self-regulation is achieved when...
Introduction The theory of classical conditioning explains how ordinary things may become the reasons for people’s negative emotions, fears, and stress. In this case, they substantially impact the quality of life and limit day-to-day activities. This paper addresses Michael, who developed PTSD or an individual phobia based on the connection...
In psychoanalysis, there are many theories, on the basis of which therapists successfully build their practice. However, those that lose their level of relevance and cease to be trendy, as it happened with the teachings of Z. Freud, are among them. Moreover, there are often contradictions and mutual exclusions between...
In abnormal psychology investigating patients’ atypical behavior, stress might serve as the trigger for mental illnesses. As any life challenges that affect people’s emotional well-being are perceived as stress, it has multiple ways of affecting disorders. These are based on the person’s predisposition to mental illnesses and personal characteristics. When...
In “Why Rich Kids Are So Good at the Marshmallow Test,” a TEDx talk by researcher and author Dr. Anindya Kundu (2017), he talks on how, in the well-known marshmallow experiment, socioeconomic status influences a child’s capacity to defer gratification. According to Kundu, while wealthier children typically perform better on...
Introduction Psychology is a very broad field that involves specialization into various sub-divisions. The psychiatrist’s function as a medical doctor mainly focuses on prescription medication and other therapies to address mental health issues (Kramer et al., 2019). A professional psychologist will interact with patients, evaluate their issues and what generates...
Introduction Having an understanding of the core aspects and stages of human development is critical for identifying the relevant issues and determining the core factors affecting a specific psychological concern. Presently, several perspectives on the phenomenon of human development exist. These are represented by the framework designed by Piaget, Vygotsky,...
Stress is a condition that arises when an individual’s resources are inadequate to deal with the responsibilities and pressures of the situation, and it can jeopardize goal achievement for both people and organizations. Situations that are unplanned, unmanageable, unclear, imprecise, or strange or involve dispute, damage, or performance standards are...
Introduction Susan is a student enrolled at an online university with aspirations of becoming a professional psychologist. She met Dr. Frank to work with him, but she started reflecting on this decision due to his impression of her (Capella University). In addition, Susan assumed he was a successful and intelligent...
The industrial-organizational (I-O) psychologists tend to use special methods when recruiting and selecting staff to ensure the right person will do the job. One of the major methods is the interview; it is typically implemented in mid or large-size companies. The information received from the interview is dynamic, which means...
Penny, one of the heroines in Yalom’s Love’s Executioner and Other Tales of Psychotherapy, conceived and gave birth to twin girls, yet, unfortunately, the welfare took them since she could not provide for them. The guilt of losing them to welfare tormented her soul. She did not talk to her...
Cinema is one of the comparatively new but powerful arts that is becoming more popular every day. It attracts millions of viewers through interesting plots, actors’ performances, and visual elements. In such a way, a movie works at several levels and affects individuals appealing to various and contributing to creating...
Introduction Video games are arguably the most popular form of entertainment among the youth today. Generally, males play more than females, although this trend has been shifting in the last decade (Lopez-Fernandez et al., 2019). The video game industry is an interesting topic to study since it is filled with...
Abstract Sigmund Freud had a psychoanalytic viewpoint on religion, and explains it results from unconscious minds craving for wishful thinking. Furthermore, Freud suggests that people prefer to trust in God, who portrays a mighty father character, since they desire to feel comfortable and absolved of their own wrongdoing. The psychiatrist...
My friend John once had a difficult period in his marriage. He and his wife Kate became estranged towards each other, as the feelings of disappointment and fleeting romantic attraction overwhelmed them. They no longer could see each other as a partner in life, since irritation brought about hidden conflicts....
Background Psychosocial and psychological developments in adolescent years are crucial for individual’s future development. It is highly affected by physical brain development and social environment. Erikson suggests that people progress through a series of stages as they grow and develop through their life. Each stage is linked to an essential...
Introduction The Stanford prison experiment is a classic example of a psychological study deifying the principles of ethics. The experiments should have been stopped when the participants started to be aggressive with each other under the impact of prison conditions. The violent behavior reported during that experiment is a direct...
Introduction The tendency toward inclusivity in education implies a more significant number of children with disabilities and developmental issues included in the classroom activities. One of the most prevailing issues relevant to education is autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which predetermines children’s cognitive, social, and physical complications. Children with autism have...
Abstract This paper highlights various secondary sources’ operational definitions of cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and neurophysiology. The research explains different psychological theories and supports them with content from secondary sources. The writing is concerned with information process and social-cultural theory, which relates to creating a social hierarchy by relating it to...
Introduction The Stroop test is designed to diagnose the cognitive style of flexibility and rigidity of cognitive control. This cognitive style characterizes the degree of subjective difficulty in changing ways of processing information in a situation of cognitive conflict (Houdé, 2019). Rigid control indicates difficulties in the transition from verbal...
Introduction The origins of the attachment styles can be found in child psychology and child-parent relationship studies. John Bowlby, a famous British psychologist, described several concepts that defined attachment theory. First of all, Bowlby created the concept of secure attachment, when children are comforted by the attachment figure’s closeness (Sutton,...
In this psychobiography, the intimate details of Viola Davis’s life from childhood to the present day are woven together to create a woman’s powerful story. Her determination and drive allowed her to overcome many obstacles on her journey to becoming one of the most celebrated actresses in Hollywood today. Viola...
Program assessment is a unique type of psychological research, and whether or not it counts as research may be a point of contention. A systematic examination, comprising research formulation, testing, and assessment, to develop or contribute to generalizable information is referred to as research. Program assessment is limited to a...
It is important to note that cognitive development is a critical aspect of human development. It can be defined as a process of change in a person’s mental abilities and skills as he or she becomes more experienced and mature. In other words, thinking skills advance and enhance, making a...
Cognition and intelligence are two related terms related to human and animal mental processes. According to the dictionary, cognition is a “form of awareness, such as perceiving, conceiving, remembering, reasoning, judging, imagining, and problem-solving” (APA, 2015, p. 201). Intelligence is defined as the “ability to derive information, learn from experience,...
The Most Therapeutic Use of Prayer In the given case study, Chichima, a 20-year-old Christian woman, suffers from depressive symptoms caused by the abortion she did seven months ago. The woman did not tell her parents about her pregnancy and abortion, which may indicate that she is afraid of being...
Abstract This paper highlights the symptoms of cyclothymia and the challenges it imposes in health centers. Cyclothymia is prevalent, impairing bipolar spectrum disorder included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders formed in 1982. Whereas Sub-threshold bipolar is a cyclothymia-related disorder common in young individuals. The relation of...
Introduction Veterans and people serving in the military face a number of unique health issues. In times of war, priority is given to life-threatening injuries such as gunshot wounds and head injuries. However, some service members develop different health problems after the war as a result of war exposure and...
Interdisciplinary research is a creative way of studying numerous societal issues. The method is especially important because it allows specialists from various academic and practical industries to “work together to solve specific social problems” (Demers, 2011, p. 242). The crucial aspect of unification enables professionals to share experiences and knowledge...
Introduction For many years, it has been believed that if a person is mentally and physiologically healthy, then his or her appearance and behavior patterns should conform to the gender stereotypes established in society. Thus, a man should have a brutal appearance, aggressive, belligerent behavior, and actively developing career. In...
Introduction The story selected is “The Survivor, The Psychologist, and The Story” (Aron 31-51). Aron was born and raised in Missouri, USA. She studied Political Science and graduated from the University of California at Berkeley. She then did her Masters and Ph.D. degrees in U.C. Santa Cruz, strategically focusing on...
Introduction Violent behavior among children and adolescents can be attributed to various things. Sarmini and Azizah (2018) argue that there is a link between childhood aggression and the father figure actions. In particular, they hold a study that looks into gambling and child aggression. Arguably, children will be more manageable...
Ecological rationality is a theory that focuses on decision-making processes depending on the particular context a decision is made. As put by Mata et al. (2012), “the notion of ecological rationality sees human rationality as the result of the adaptive fit between the human mind and the environment” (p. 1)....
One of the most interesting, crucial, and challenging processes people can witness is the emergence of a new life – a new person. It is hard to disagree that for later health and successful development of children, the early years of their lives are of vital importance (“Early brain development...
Although many people believe that a human brain stops to develop after childhood, it continues to evolve throughout one’s lifespan. The constant process of brain development is a primary reason for many researchers to believe that early adulthood should be considered another life-stage of “prolonged adolescence” (Hochberg & Konner, 2020,...
The issue of death rises numerous debatable ethical questions connected with the attitude of terminally ill patients and their relatives to it. The current paper described five stages of dying developed by Kubler-Ross that include “denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance” (Kail & Cavanaugh, 2018, p. 551). Apart from this,...
Introduction Coaching psychology has brought with it a new thinking in psychological practice. Many people, including the practitioners and clients, fail to recognize that coaching psychology principles are embedded on medical practice. In medicine, practitioners view themselves as experts against patients’ lives. In contrast, person-centered approach views clients as their...
In this task dedicated to the portrayal of individuals from different developmental periods in advertising/media, we shall focus on the early childhood. The archetype of a child is among the basic ones; it is one of the most tradable images and is often used in advertising of the different product...
Introduction Autism can be “defined as a complex developmental disability that normally appears during the first three years of life and is as a result of a neurological disorder that affects the normal functioning of the brain.” (Parker, p. 3) Researches conducted in the past indicate that biological causes are...
Mental health is a broad concept used to refer to psychological well being. It entails the emotional or cognitive fitness and generally affects how people think or behave. Lack of mental health culminates to mental disorder. According to a report released by World Health Organisation (2005), one out of every...
Introduction Growing up is perhaps one of the hardest things in the life of any child today. The changing family settings have hurt the lives of many children. The settings that parents are subjecting their children in a bid to enhance their development affect the identity and personality of the...
Intrinsic pressures together with socially acceptable gender norms play part in the differences that males and females differ in risky behaviors. This is also affected by the culture and one’s background (Park and Kim, 2010). When it comes to making decisions on risk behaviors, individuals from both America and Asia...
The inventory questions were an essential eye opener about the things that matter most to me. Most of my answers were reflections of my background, beliefs and values as will be illustrated below. Reflection on the process of completing the inventory questions As I was completing the inventory questions, I...
Both phobias and addictions are two weak states of a person’s mind where one can be weak while thinking of or seeing something. They can really weaken a person and if a person has intensive phobias or addictions then he or she must consult any psychiatrist to resolve the problem...
Introduction Cognitive theory is usually a learning theory that tries to explain the human behaviour based n their thought processes. The logic in human helps them to make decisions and choices that are more sensible to their lives. The individual thoughts are the paramount determinant of the emotions and behaviours...
Since the early days of human psychology, many are interested in discovering the principles behind motivation. This is an important topic for many including managers, teachers, and parents. The ability to understand the intricacies of motivation will help them to create strategies and teaching tools that will encourage the people...
Introduction Child psychology is a specific science, which logically occurred due to the same reasons as pediatrics. Child psychology is not a simplified version o adult psychology, where it represents independent and even more complex science than general psychology. In that sense, analyzing such aspects as child play, where most...
Childhood is the age when the character and habits of the children are formed. Children’s perception of the world is based on what they see and what they hear. Children are like sponges, they absorb everything around them. That is why children should be read-only children literature, which influences their...
Cultural history Trances can be defined as the mental pictures, descriptions, and reflections in the mind while sleeping. The episodes seen are usually impractical or doubtful in the real sense. The person in a trance generally has no power over the actions dreamt. Some scenes in a trance can be...
Introduction ‘The case history ‘Little Hans’ illustrates very clearly some of Freud’s most basic theories, such as infantile sexuality, the role of transference, and the way in which the phobia is part of the cure.’ This case study is an account of the very first psychoanalytical treatment of a child....
“At the end of the day all personality theories come down to the same thing. Human beings are driven by instincts over which they have very little control”. Synopsis Human instincts play a dominant role in behavior and interaction with the outside world. Freud supports this approach and states that...
Introduction The age group of 7 to12 comprises of school going children who are in their middle childhood years. They are trying to balance the change in their lives where they are spending more time away from their parents compared to their early childhood years. They are learning to interact...
Introduction Ever since the practice of translating the Bible into secular languages had attained a theological legitimacy in the 16th century (the rise of Protestantism), the Holy Book has been increasingly resorted to by people experiencing mental anxieties, as such that supposedly contained answers as to how these anxieties could...
Introduction Cognitive development is related a child’s development process. It focuses on the child’s memory, development, problem solving skill development, thoughts and language development and social and meta cognition. Cognitive development is mainly related to human’s brain growth. It can be discerned as the development of intellectual abilities in a...
Introduction Piaget (1896-1980) was a Swiss philosopher who contributed immensely to developmental psychology. He challenged earlier propositions about child development mage by earlier psychologists and philosophers to come up with his own. In his theory, jean argues that we absorb information and knowledge according to our brain constructs that are...
It was in the 50s that the concept of stress was initially brought in by Hans Selye. However, he called it General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) and he explained that all individuals respond to all types of threatening situations in the same manner (guidetopsychology.com). Today, we know that the knowledge of...
Abstract The combat and operational stress can push a soldier to his outermost limits. Negative reactions to such stress include an agitated mood or moodiness, anxiety, and panic attacks, a feeling of pressure, hypervigilance, sleeplessness, troubling memories, rage outbursts, a feeling of shock and numbness, thoughts about the people who...
Introduction The primary goal of the given study is the investigation of cyber-bullying, which is nowadays one of the integral parts of social media and the Internet. In accordance with the research, this phenomenon becomes one of the main sources of problems and negative associations people might experience when using...
Introduction Postpartum depression (PPD) is a range of emotional and physical changes that the majority of new mothers go through. Immediately after delivery, mothers experience a sharp drop in hormones, and this chemical change may cause depression. Additionally, social and psychological changes that occur after getting a baby may cause...
Introduction The term Postpartum Depression (PPD) describes a wide variety of physical and emotional adjustments experienced by a significant number of new mothers. Since the hormonal levels of new mothers drop significantly immediately after delivery, this chemical change is likely to result in depression. This condition may also be caused...
Labor motivation is understood as the organization of the company’s work in a way that encourages everyone to fulfill professional duties. In other words, each employee receives an internal incentive that increases productivity and is aimed at achieving a common goal. To produce a competent staff incentive, a manager has...
Introduction Communication is a significant part of all individuals’ everyday lives. Various aspects affect the way individuals hold conversations, including the selected channels, the readiness to disclose information, and individuals’ cultural backgrounds. The paper presents three examples from online sources that refer to the concepts of the Leanness-Richness Spectrum of...
Introduction In recent years, researchers and employers have both shown increased interest in exploring contributing factors that shape employees’ attitudes and behaviors in the workplace. It is now argued that the reasons for how employees choose to engage or disengage in workplace activities may be traced all the way back...
Introduction Certain actions of a person as a professional, a leader, or a social agent can be influenced by his or her personality type. According to Carl Jung’s theory and Isabel Briggs Myers’ typology, it is possible to determine a variety of personality types with reference to four different aspects...
The book A Child Called “It” is a memoir written by Dave Pelzer. In the work, the author describes the pains and abuses he experienced in the hands of his mother (Pelzer, 1995). Throughout his early childhood, Pelzer’s mother was charming and friendly. She treated every person in the family...
The article “Young Children Show the Bystander Effect in Helping Situations” by Plötner et al. has discussed the patterns of children’s behavior in situations when the surrounding people need help. The researchers have come up to the conclusion that if a bystander, able to provide help instead of the child,...
Introduction Human behavior is the subject matter of behavior modification. Behavior is what people do and say (Miltenberger, 2011). The characteristics that define behavior are as follows. Behavior involves a person’s actions. It is described with action verbs. Behavior is not a static characteristic of the person. Behaviors have one...
Trait Theorists According to Gordon Allport, an American psychologist and one of the founders of personality psychology, personality is a dynamic feature within an individual’s psychophysical system that determines his or her characteristic behavior and thinking and dictates unique adaptation to the environment. At the centre of the dispositional personality...
Research Topic The topic which is proposed to be studied is the relationship between depression and self-esteem. In this case, self-esteem can be defined as “individual’s subjective evaluation of his or her worth as a person”; it does not necessarily describe one’s real talents, and high self-esteem does not mean...
Military social work is a special field of the social work profession that has emerged as a response to an ever-increasing demand for psychological help for armed forces members, veterans, and their families. Military social workers are the ones who understand multifaceted behavioral health problems, psychological and physical conditions, and...
To make sure that the set goals are attainable and, therefore, worth pursuing, one needs to explore their ostensible outcomes in depth, therefore, detailing the possible obstacles that can be encountered on the way to their completion. Furthermore, the factors that will affect the development of the project and, therefore,...
Abstract Human cognitive development has always been a subject of scientific interest. Currently, scholars prove that it is directly connected with the intellectual abilities of people. Cognitive neuroscience is a prominent step towards the understanding of human nature. Cognitive neuroscience employs functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to evaluate various neuron...
Introduction Starting from the opening scenes, the plot of the documentary 49 Up reveals various factors that can influence human lives directly. The main purpose of Michael Apted as the director of these series was to prove that not only childhood background but also other environmental factors can have a...
When the psychotherapeutic group successfully reaches the working phase, the clients and the leader may concentrate on the specific issues that made them participate in the therapy. By this stage, the group has acquired such characteristics as a considerable degree of cohesion, empathy, trust, and support. Cox, Owen, and Ogrodniczuk...
Introduction Human beings can embrace various ethical values and principles to help others. The term “prosocial behavior” is any form of action undertaken to help or support others (Piff, Dietze, Feinberg, Stancato, & Keltner, 2015). Various concepts are underlying the idea of prosocial behavior. The first concept is empathy and...
Introduction Video games can be played by people representing different age groups and even sexes. Their greatest appeal is that they offer a version of reality in which a person can feel invincible or all-powerful at least for a short time. They give access to the environment in which people...
Social Learning Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory claims that the acquisition of knowledge is directly related to the observation of others within the context of experiences, social interactions, and other outside influences. Basically, the theory highlights the significance of observational learning, modeling, and imitation. Thus, when people observe the performance and...
The concept of the sensitive line seems fairly simple at first. Implying that everyone has a psychological defense mechanism that is activated once something or someone jeopardizes the existence of a person’s ideal image of self, the sensitive line explains the source of numerous interpersonal conflicts occurring in all domains...
Cognitive biases are errors in human thinking or deviations from rational judgment resulting in illogical conclusions. When these conclusions are caused by our tendency to evaluate arguments based on our pre-existing beliefs, a phenomenon called belief bias is observed. This paper is concerned with the way cognitive sciences scholars, in...
Have you ever wondered what the effects of sibling rivalry are? This essay sample explores the sibling rivalry causes, its advantages and disadvantages, and parenting practices that might be helpful. Introduction Sibling rivalry is a difficult topic that concerns all parents who have more than one child. According to Boyse,...
What is Borderline Personality Disorder? Borderline Personality Disorder or BPD is a personality disorder characterized by its impulsivity. Patients suffering from Borderline Personality Disorder have difficulties in relationships with other people; their self-control is very low and their emotional state is unsteady as they experience severe mood swings. Their life...
Introduction Multiple murders at the hands of a lone gunman typically characterize mass shootings in the United States. The cold-blooded murder of innocent people never fails to traumatize the survivors or the loved ones left behind. Mass shootings add another trauma-inducing layer as the murders were committed in a public...
Abstract There are several merits and demerits of different types of human reasoning. To begin with, reasoning can be empirical, ideological, or comparative. This paper focuses on the weaknesses and strengths, of these types of reasoning. Introduction The process of interpretation and making inferences about a certain subject, which is...
Prochaska and DiClemente’s model examines the process of behavioral change by dividing it into stages. It is based on the understanding that people do not change behaviors rapidly but rather progress through the change gradually and dynamically (Summers, 2016). The model has been used in various studies to assess the...
Identification of a Specific area where Counselling is used This paper focuses on the area of identity formation where counselling is needed to help young people and children to gain confidence in tapping and utilising the underlying potential to the maximum. Young people experience various physical, cognitive and behavioural challenges...
Introduction Different theories of child development and learning came to existence at different periods in history. Their existence is as result of the work as well as the findings of different theorists such as Jean Piaget, Albert Bandura and Vygotsky among others. They try to explain the different stages as...
Introduction Yerkes-Dodson law covers the concept of motivation in its relation to performance. It links the feeling of arousal with the actual conduct of a person or another living being. According to this law, intensive motivation and stimulation negatively affect human effectiveness while moderate psychological arousal is considered the most...
Introduction Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a theoretical model in psychology that explains human motivation using a framework of five consecutive levels. The model was proposed in the twentieth century by Abraham Maslow and has since been adopted in many domains, including sociology, management, and nursing, among others. The following...
Introduction What makes people like lemon tea but hate fishing? To answer this question, an understanding of the origin and nature of attitudes is required. Many theories have been developed to try to understand what makes people have positive or negative attitudes toward different things. This paper will cover the...
Identifying specific stages in personal development is essential to understanding the changes that one goes through. As a result, the problems that one may face at the specified time slots become easily identifiable and addressable. To evaluate the efficacy of the models suggested by Erikson, Vaillant, Levinson, and Peck, two...
Introduction Social constructs are useful in the study of human motives and behaviour. The constructs such as individualism and collectivism are essential as they form the basis of human character. While scholars use construals such as independence and interdependence to explain social constructs, the construals represent social constructs that determine...
Group Assignments Vs Incentive Plans Group assignments given either in educational or professional settings are targeted at encouraging individuals to work together as a team in order to reach a particular objective, for example, successfully getting a deal with a company’s new partner or completing a presentation on a topic...
Abstract The paper aims to find the connection between the biggest shopping event of the year, Black Friday, and four concepts, namely social proof, loss aversion, mental accounting, and decision paralyzer. Moreover, the relation of discounts and gifts, as well as the competitive nature of presents will be discovered. Black...
There are many things without which it is hard to imagine this life, and a properly set goal is one of them. People should have a goal, a dream, or an intention on the basis of which it is possible to develop new relations, improve living conditions, and think about...
The problem of parent-child relationships is one of the most examined and actual eternal questions. This question concerns the problems of love and hatred, manipulation and resistance, protest and control. This point is often discussed in the works of different writers. But in the context of sexual upbringing and instilling...
The 21st Century has been characterised by a multicultural and diverse society (Cavaluzzi, 2010). The proportion of children taking English as a second language is also increasing tremendously. A survey carried out on London schools in 2000 showed that the children spoke more than 300 languages (Edwards, 2004). Statistics show...
Introduction Atomic Habits, written by James Clear, is a highly influential book that explores the science of habit formation and its profound impact on productivity, success, and overall well-being. Clear, an expert on habit formation, presents an approachable and convenient guide for making good habits inevitable and bad habits impossible....
Introduction Play therapy is a practical approach to addressing children’s many behavioral and emotional disorders. Such therapy is the best option for children with various behavioral deviations, as it is presented in a form understandable to the child and allows for the combination of socialization and mental development (Elbeltagi et...
Introduction Within the framework of the educational process, a sufficiently large number of problems may arise that may prevent the achievement of the most productive results. One of the most challenging aspects for management is the manifestation of deviant behavior among students. This aspect requires special attention and involvement of...
Introduction Ethical dilemmas occur in many areas of life, and industrial-organizational (I-O) specialists are among the professionals who must resolve moral predicaments. The Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP) is one of the primary institutions educating I-O consultants about virtuous behavior (Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology [SIOP], n.d.)....
When meeting new people, hoping to make a good impression, or trying to improve relationships with others, we often engage in self-disclosure. As mentioned in our course materials, this is the process of intentionally revealing personal information, whether it is a secret or merely an interesting or relevant fact. However,...
Introduction Communication is the process of articulating or conveying ideas, knowledge, thoughts, and emotions, as well as listening to what others have to say. Both sending and receiving communications are parts of the communication process, which can take many shapes. For example, Maloney et al. (2020) emphasized that verbal communication...
Introduction Maddie Hicks is a 15-year-old seeking treatment for anxiety related to family stress. She lives with her parents, Peter and Monica, who have been married for 18 years, and her younger brother Maxwell, who was diagnosed with Asperger’s syndrome last year. Maddie worries about her parents’ marriage and admits...
