Organisational Behaviour. Psychodynamic Theories

Introduction Psycho dynamic and family system theories are relevant to the understanding of the group, organization or community and to the development of interventional strategies. “The term ‘psychodynamic’ refers to systems that use motives, drives and related covert variables to explain behaviour. Psychodynamic career counselling refers to counselling approaches that...

“Lifespan Human Development” by Sigelman, Carol, and Elizabeth Rider

Introduction Piaget (1896-1980) was a Swiss philosopher who contributed immensely to developmental psychology. He challenged earlier propositions about child development mage by earlier psychologists and philosophers to come up with his own. In his theory, jean argues that we absorb information and knowledge according to our brain constructs that are...

Mind-Body Connection in Learning

The mind is a complicated body machine that can not be imagined. Research has shown that it weighs about 1.5-kilo grams and that it has more than 50 billion connections to the body through nerve endings and nerve cells. The brain is not independent but it works together with other...

Self-Concept in Social Psychology

Introduction The concept of self in social psychology is a complex matter that has been thoroughly studied. The self and identity are formed by interaction with social entities, such as other people, groups and organisations. These groups exist within the social world that contains rules and norms that regulate the...

Johari’s Window – Model Definition

Introduction This model was developed by Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham in 1955 to describe human interaction. It tries to define personal awareness in a quadrants manner. It has four quadrants which each illustrate a different view of personality in terms of communication and relationships. Each window represents a kind...

Socioemotional Development in Adolescents

Teenagers may be the most complicated population group to understand. This hardship in communication stems from the fact that all adolescents are undergoing drastic emotional, hormonal, and physical changes, as well as social ones (Newman & Newman, 2017). It may be natural for teenagers to test the limits of their...

Effective CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Techniques) for Anxiety

Cognitive-behavioral therapy is the most effective in treating anxiety disorders because it uses performance-based and cognitive interventions to change the way a patient thinks, feels, and behaves. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is of particular value for patients of the elderly group and children. It is applied with the external environment as...

Psychotherapy Integration: Research Issues

Abstract Integrative practice is a relatively new approach in psychotherapy, which has been in dire need of additional research. Studying the problems related to mental health from the perspective of multiple disciplines and theories allows detecting the hindrances to recovery that would not be noticed otherwise. Therefore, the incorporation of...

Get Rid of Cable Commercial Compilation Direct TV

Description of the Commercial The Get Rid of Cable Commercial Compilation Direct TV is a short television commercial that promotes a satellite television company known as Direct TV. As it starts, we see a man who is trying to watch news, but there is a problem with the television. The...

Behavioral and Humanistic Approaches in Psychology

Introduction Various aspects of human relationships promoted in the modern world are based on certain principles and approaches to the perception of reality and the assessment of factors affecting this perception. Behavioral characteristics are the result of various reasons, for instance, accumulated experiences, internal beliefs, and other causes. In the...

The Concept of Social Anxiety Disorder

Introduction Social anxiety disorder (SAD), also referred to as social phobia, is a condition under which a person suffers from anxiety in different social contexts. The underlying component of SAD is the fear of being judged by others and not being approved by them. Although the disorder is widely spread...

Cultural and Emotional Intelligence Differences

Cultural and emotional intelligence have a certain similarity in the way they work because both require the person to examine the situation before acting upon it. Rash decisions are often incorrect and lack understanding of the subtle intricacies of human behavior. However, while emotional intelligence deals with more universal aspects...

A Child Called “It” by Dave Pelzer

The book A Child Called “It” is a memoir written by Dave Pelzer. In the work, the author describes the pains and abuses he experienced in the hands of his mother (Pelzer, 1995). Throughout his early childhood, Pelzer’s mother was charming and friendly. She treated every person in the family...

Managing Large and Small Groups: Best Practices

Introduction Before the session commences, I must ensure I have informed the participants on the length of time necessary during the process helping to deter some people within the group not to use too much of the “air time” when the time for asking and answering questions comes. This will...

Object Relations Theory and Nature-Nurture Debate

Object relations theory, although having some variations, focuses on the significance of early childhood experiences in a person’s adult life. It concentrates on the relations of a child with the most important people, mainly parents. Moreover, object relations theorists claim that “the child develops an unconscious representation of significant objects...

Learning Types Through the Lens of Psychology

Introduction The process of learning is essential for any person. People may learn how to perform physical activities, social skills, emotional understanding of themselves and others, the inner workings of societies, science, and almost any other skill. However, approaches to learning may be varied and have their own benefits and...

Teenage Brain and Thinking Processes

Having read and viewed the resources on the adolescent brain and the adolescent transition years, what ideas and theories leapt out at you? Did some ideas and theories connect with your own teenage experience? Were you surprised by others? Why did those particular concepts stand out? The first idea about...

Motivating Adolescents at Home and School

Many different reasons can be given to explain why teenagers are in need of additional motivation and support in their personal and professional growth. Compared to children, adolescents are more independent with high demands and expectations. Therefore, it is important for them to stay motivated and understand the worth of...

Personality: Psychoanalytic and Biological Approaches

There are six different perspectives of personality. The major difference between them is that they approach personality by means of focusing on one of its major aspects (Burger, 2014). Specifically, the first approach is psychoanalytic whose followers maintain that unconscious minds drive differences in people’s personalities. The second is trait...

Psychology and Personality: Jung Typology Test

Introduction Jung Typology Test is an instrument that was built on Carl Jung’s and Isabel Briggs Myers’ theory (Humanmetrics Inc., 2016b). It helps to discover a type of one’s personality that is characterized by certain strengths and inclinations. It also allows establishing individual’s learning and communication styles (Humanmetrics Inc., 2016b)....

Exploring Loss and Grief in Psychologists’ Careers

Before starting the examination of the unit materials and becoming involved in the class activities, I have concerns regarding the discussion of the topic of loss and grief because it is a challenging for not only beginners in counselling but also experienced counsellors. I am oriented to making efforts to...

Body-Mind Relationship in Psychobiology

The research topic I have chosen for my project is the relationship between the body and the mind. We will assume that the mind is generated by the body, and that, in fact, the very division into “the body” and “the mind” is an artificial one, but it is very...

Discrimination Against Deaf Customers: Ethical Implications & Solutions

A news report by Only Forex Trading (2013) tells about a group of deaf customers who were discriminated against in a Starbucks coffee shop. It is stated that the people were laughed at, and the police were called to kick them out. In our opinion, the situation was extremely unpleasant...

Goal-Setting Reflection

To make sure that the set goals are attainable and, therefore, worth pursuing, one needs to explore their ostensible outcomes in depth, therefore, detailing the possible obstacles that can be encountered on the way to their completion. Furthermore, the factors that will affect the development of the project and, therefore,...

Differential Psychology as a Future Career Field

Introduction Psychology is concerned with peoples’ behavior at three different levels. These are the characteristics common to all people, the unique characteristics common to a group of people, and characteristics unique to each individual. This implies that while there are certain characteristics common to all people, there are those that...

Child Observation Theories: Theories of Piaget, Erikson, and Kohlberg

Introduction By applying Piaget’s theory of cognitive-developmental stages, one can say that A. has reached the pre-occupational stage. At this level, an individual should be able to use simple logic, take the viewpoints of other people, and classify various objects. A child aged between 2 and 5 should also have...

Psychology Research Methods: Detailed Worksheet and Analysis

Psychoanalytic The psychoanalytic perspective involves the affiliation between unconscious and conscious psychological state. This perspective is not suitable for teamwork but it takes place between the analyst and the patient. One of the key persons linked to the psychoanalytic perspective is Sigmund Freud. Sigmund developed several theories such as psychosexual...

Addressing Disruptive and Noncompliant Behaviors

Part 1 Ms. Rollison has a comprehensive behavior management plan in place. Why isn’t it working for all of her students? Ms. Rollison fails to realize that today’s learning environment is extremely diverse and, therefore, the task of the teacher is to provide students with greater assistance. Because students have...

Personal Development in the “49 Up” Documentary

Introduction Starting from the opening scenes, the plot of the documentary 49 Up reveals various factors that can influence human lives directly. The main purpose of Michael Apted as the director of these series was to prove that not only childhood background but also other environmental factors can have a...

Infant Development and Family Situation Analysis

Abstract Giselle is two-month-old. She has good reflexes and normally develops except for being underweight. Her mother (Joelle) takes care of her, but she needs to enhance her knowledge regarding infant’s nutrition. Moreover, her grandmother should also pay more attention to their nutrition to provide proper advice and support. Changing...

Lying in Children’s Development

Lying is an important issue in human development due to its nature and the inability of some people to understand if it is an obligatory skill or a shortage that has to be eliminated. On the one hand, it is a usual process that a child lies to cover personal...

Happiness, Positive Psychology and Counselling

Happiness is perceived differently by people. Its basis is not the same for all. There are also different factors that make people experience their own kind of happiness. The degree of happiness also differs given the same instance thus making happiness very subjective to the person who is given the...

The Role of Environment in Physical Development

Abstract The environment plays a significant role in the physical development of children in middle childhood. Exposure to diverse environmental settings results in children acquiring various skills. Additionally, it is during middle childhood that kids start to assume duties in their families. Scholars regard middle childhood (Ages between 6 and...

Memory Blindness: Distortion in Eyewitness Memory

Introduction The article “Memory Blindness: Altered Memory Reports Lead to Distortion in Eyewitness Memory” by Cochran et al. investigates the concept of choice blindness among people. The concept refers to the likelihood that people will be misinformed, especially concerning their self -reported alternatives. Cochran et al.’s study take an experimental...

The 9/11 Terrorist Attacks and Hurricane Katrina

Introduction The 9/11 terrorist attacks and Hurricane Katrina changed America and its responses to emergencies. Hurricane Katrina and the 9/11 attacks were two of the worst natural disasters and terror attacks, respectively, in US history. Beyond the physical devastations, Hurricane Katrina and the 9/11 attacks led to eminent health and...

Testing Psychic Abilities: Methods & Evaluations

Involving people, who have psychic abilities, to finding hidden objects and even people is not a very common practice. However, sometimes these people are employed for consulting police in criminal investigations and solving personal matters. It was portrayed in one of the TV series, The Mentalist, and lots of TV...

Organizational Behavior in “Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory” Movie

Movie Selection Willy Wonka, the key character of the movie, can fulfill the dreams of any child. As a commercial reception, he hides five gold tickets in chocolate bars and decides to test the honesty of the winners. During the tour in the country of delicacies, the participants are expected...

Traditional vs. Cyberbullying in Children

Abstract Cyberbullying is a relatively new concept that emerged in the light of progress associated with the development of the Internet and various online communication tools. Researchers investigated the impact of cyberbullying on children and teenagers and compared its effects with the influence of traditional bullying. It was found that...

Sibling Rivalry, Its Causes and Intervention

Sibling Rivalry Kippen and Walters define sibling rivalry as “the competition, fighting, hatred, and jealousy between siblings” (575). This is a major psychological problem that affects many families across the world. Parents who have two (or more) children will at some point be forced to deal with this problem. Studies...

Charlotte’s Personality in the “Now, Voyager” Film

Charlotte’s Personality The main character in the film is Drab Charlotte Vale. According to the film, Charlotte is raised up by an abusive mother. She lacks self-confidence because of her past experiences. The film shows clearly that Charlotte was an unwanted daughter. She later benefits from the services of Dr....

The Concept of Attachment Theory

Introduction The postulates of attachment theory were developed by and John Bowlby. The author created a comprehensive approach to perceiving individual development based on concepts from numerous fields of research, including second-order cybernetics, psychoanalysis, developmental psychology, ethology, etc. (Blakely and Dziadosz 284). Due to incorporating different theoretical frameworks, attachment theory...

Child’s Behavior in Time-Series Research Design

Design Description Time-series research design is a prevalent method used for mathematical statistics. There are several different areas where time-series research can be found useful (Yadav & Toshniwal, 2011). In this particular situation, a time-series research design is applied within the framework of the educational environment. Even though there are...

Cyberbullying, Its Types and Effects on Victims

Abstract Cyberbullying is a term that dates back to the emergence of the Internet. It refers to the use of electronic devices/communication to harass, intimidate, or embarrass another person. Cyberbullying is facilitated by electronic devices that include cell phones, computers, tablets, and communication tools, such as instant messaging, email, social...

Memory Blindness: Impacts on Eyewitness Recollections

Introduction The article addresses the issue of memory blindness and its effects on eyewitness recollections. According to the authors of the article, choice blindness encompasses the concept that people can be misled and distort facts that they had previously reported. The purpose of the study is to examine “whether people...

The McMartin Preschool and Forensic Psychology

Forensic Psychology Judy Johnson reported to the police about her child’s sexual molestation. It led to the arrest of Ray Buckey. There was a need to involve forensic experts in child psychology to determine the severity of the allegations (Bertel, 2012). The prosecutor, the defense, and the jury would rely...

The Body Dysmorphic Disorder Concept

Body Dysmorphic Disorder or BDD is a disorder that involves patient’s distorted perception of his or her appearance. Patients suffering from this disorder tend to see a certain aspect of their appearance as a strong imperfection and it makes their life unbearable. They believe that it is impossible to live...

Folkway Violation Experience and Social Reaction

One of the most controversial folkways is that a young person is required to give up a seat during a commute on public transportation to a person that is a child, elderly, disabled, or pregnant. It is considered social etiquette and a person can be severely judged if they fail...

The Work “Punished by Rewards” by Alfie Kohn

The practice of using bonuses and praise to motivate students is directly associated with the principles of behaviorism. However, in his work Punished by Rewards, Alfie Kohn claims that rewards can have adverse effects on students, and the author provides many arguments against the core ideas of behaviorism in this...

Abnormality and Mental Illness in Social Psychology

Describe and evaluate the definition of abnormality The first explanation of abnormality is nonconformity to social standards. The main problem with this definition is that social norms change quickly. A situation that is not socially acceptable now may change and become acceptable in the future. For example, an individual may...

Age Effects on Memory Among the Elderly

Studies have highlighted the effects of age on memory amongst the elderly. In fact, study results indicate that one of the major concerns about aging is the possible loss of memory. Young people seem to hold on things as their brains develop. However, as they age, the youths tend to...

Counseling, Its Ethical Standards and Principles

The Significance of Ethics in Counseling In the practice of psychology, ethics of conduct constitute a crucial part of professional competence. Counselors and other specialists in psychology interact with diverse individuals on the everyday basis, and the universal ethical values, as well as the specifically formulated professional standards introduced by...

Collectivism and Individualism in Human Behaviour

Introduction Social constructs are useful in the study of human motives and behaviour. The constructs such as individualism and collectivism are essential as they form the basis of human character. While scholars use construals such as independence and interdependence to explain social constructs, the construals represent social constructs that determine...

The Psychology of Physical Attraction

Introduction Psychologists have demonstrated increased interest in understanding the factors that come into play for people to admire and like others. The general consensus is that people have different conceptualizations of what they find attractive, hence the need to understand how they arrive at decisions on what is admirable or...

Developmental Theories’ Comparative Analysis

Introduction Studying people’s behavior has been a central focus for various scholars and scientists over the centuries. This has led to the development of various theories that aim at explaining why people behave and develop the way they do. Arguably, a human being’s behavior and development is a lifelong process...

Major Types of Depression

Introduction Having a continuous sense of exhaustion, feeling of sadness, and hopelessness are the key signs of clinical or major depression. This mood disorder is an illness; it makes one feel frustrated, angry, miserable, and apathetic. Such mood changes alter the daily life an individual quite a long and may...

Human Sexual Behavior: Sexual Disorders

Abstract Sexual disorders refer to any physical or mental conditions that causes disturbance to the normal functioning of the body, thus preventing one from desiring or enjoying sex. Both men and women suffer from sexual disorders, albeit in varying degrees. Common causes of sexual disorders in both men and women...

The Impact of Divorce and Separation on Family Relationships

Abstract This research aims at understanding the effect of divorce and separation on family relationships. The researcher will employ a random sampling technique to select the participants of the study, and a qualitative research approach to collect the required data. Six participants, three males and three females, will take part...

Child Development Theories: Role and Importance

The complexities and challenges of child development cannot, in any way, be wished away. In equal measure, the optimal growth and development of a child are deemed not only important for the parents and family members, but also for the whole society. As such, it is critically important to understand...

The Importance of Self-Reflection for Personal Growth and Meaningful Living

Introduction Self-reflection is a vital process in personal growth. It helps people confront their thoughts, emotions, and actions. Practicing self-reflection can help increase self-awareness, deal with internal conflicts, and align personal values with actions for a more purposeful and meaningful life. This essay will explore self-reflection, why we should engage...

The Impact of Video Games on Students’ Mental Well-Being

Introduction Video games cause numerous societal controversies due to their perceived effects on players. This subject is significant due to the continuous rise in the popularity of gaming as a primary form of entertainment among adolescents, followed by concerns regarding people’s mental well-being (Johannes et al., 2021). However, without a...

Pictionary Board Game Review: Enhancing Physical, Cognitive, and Social Skills

Introduction Pictionary is a classic board game for families to enjoy, providing an opportunity to work together, practice communication, and develop physical, cognitive, and social-emotional skills. In Pictionary, players attempt to draw clues their teammates must guess to win. Pencils, crayons, markers, and paper are suitable materials for drawing these...

Montessori’s Absorbent Mind: Insights into Early Childhood Development

Introduction In Maria Montessori’s seminal work “The Absorbent Mind,” the author delves into the remarkable concept of the absorbent mind, shedding light on the extraordinary capacity of young children to adapt to and learn from their environment in the first three years of life. Montessori’s exploration of this notion in...

The Boys of Baraka: African American Youth Development

Introduction The Boys of Baraka is a documentary about African American families living in violent and drug-infested neighborhoods. The documentary filmmakers follow the lives of four young African American males who are offered the opportunity to change their lives. At a meeting, recruiter Baraka tells potential pupils that they have...

The Role of Motivation, Values, and Purpose in Education and Psychology

Introduction Motivation plays an important role in our day-to-day life and various phases of activities, as our success and achievement in life depend on motivation. The drive reduction theory posits that the human body always maintains a state of equilibrium or homeostasis. According to George et al. (2023), when people...

Coaching Strategies for Navigating Career and Health Transitions

Abstract This study begins by introducing the concept of change and defining transition. The study has chosen two case studies based on career and health transitions and provided a snippet of how a coach would handle these transitions. Further, the study has provided a personal approach to these transitions using...

The Patty Hearst Case: Stockholm Syndrome and the Psychology of Crime

Introduction Patricia (Patty) Hearst, an heiress to a media empire, gained notoriety after her kidnapping and subsequent involvement in terrorist acts alongside the American group Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA) in 1974. One should state that Stockholm Syndrome can explain the behavior and contradictory decisions of Hearst during her involvement in...

The Abnormal Psychology Case of Billy Milligan

Introduction Billy Milligan is a man known for his multiple personality diagnosis. His case is causing much controversy as to whether his mental disorder was real, or whether it was a way to get away with his crimes. 24 subpersonalities of Milligan are described, 10 of which were the main...

Perception: Impact on Everyday Life

One of the most striking and significant examples of the influence of perception on everyday life is the depth, comprehensiveness, objectivity, and speed of cognition of another person due to certain objective and subjective characteristics. Most often, the perception of other people is based only on assumed qualities, impressions, interpretation,...

Child Abuse and Preventive Measures

Child abuse is a current problem in many countries, including the United States. For modern society, both throughout the country and in local settlements, this issue remains due to the imperfection of protection measures. When such violations are identified, the adequate solution is often to deprive the parents of their...

Cognitive Domain – Two Main Theorists

Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development: Summary The Piaget’s theory consits of four different stages of cognitive development. The first one is sensorimotor stage, which is the first of four stages in the process of cognitive development. It lasts from birth to about two years, and during this period, children develop...

Emotional Intelligence and Strategic Decisions

Course textbooks, readings, and discussions clearly highlighted the importance of emotional intelligence (EQ) in the personal and professional domains. In particular, Bradberry and Greaves (2009) have devoted a specific part of their book to the analysis of EQ impact. The part is titled “The Impact of EQ” (found in Chapter...

Parental Divorce: Influence on Children

Introduction Divorce can be challenging for a family since the couples are discovering new ways to relate to each other and trying new parenting techniques. Children are tenacious, and the breakup changeover can be perceived as an improvement rather than a panic if they receive assistance. Since children involved in...

How One Can Express the Creative Side

Creativity is a very expressive and interesting feature in everyone’s personality. This trait can be demonstrated in many different ways and may be helpful in various aspects of life, such as problem-solving and communicating with people. These two aspects can help a person do their work better and help their...

Social Comparison and Social Cognitive Theories: Conceptual Synthesis

Psychological theories are collections of concepts that can explain many aspects of human cognition, behavior, and emotion. These theories are developed by psychologists in order to anticipate future human actions or events that may occur if specific behaviors exist. As such, social comparison theory and social cognitive theory are examples...

A Counselor’s Professional Identity and Significance

Counseling requires several interrelated factors that must function together to focus on assisting clients. Without these entities, the counselor may not have the client’s trust to aid them as is necessary. Before offering complete support to a client, a counselor must fully appreciate the significance of their professional identity and...

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation in Higher Education

Concerns about how to guarantee that students learn effectively in class and attain academic excellence in their academic pursuits have emerged all over the world in the field of education. This has been related to issues including bad study habits, laziness, inefficient instructional teaching, insufficient course content, and a lack...

Multicultural Competency in Psychology

Multicultural competency is the quality considered reliable and effective in diverse contexts within the modern world. Essentially, it is justified by the rapid globalization that occurred because of the major establishment of online platforms and the opportunity to interconnect globally. As people reach new aspects of multicultural communication and understanding,...

The Importance of Self-Awareness

Self-awareness is a characteristic defined by one’s comprehension of their personality and beliefs. In some way, it can serve as a guide in helping others, depending on the scale of that feature. Unsurprisingly, this implies that self-awareness may play a rather significant role in human services. For the following essay,...

Counseling: The Therapy Session

Counseling is a significant factor influencing the behavioral change of human beings. Most counselors aim to narrate a story to the victim in a more affirming way to the affected person rather than using the victim’s account to humiliate them, which helps improve the affected person’s self-esteem. Counseling is a...

Adolescence: Developmental Changes

Adolescence is associated with significant changes determining the person’s overall development. During this period of life, there are physiological and psychological transformations that influence adulthood. Adolescents are inclined to extremes in behavior, the demonstration of specific conduct patterns, and variability in character changes. Brain development, self-identity, and hormonal changes are...

Projective Personality Assessment

Projective methods of personality research have been of particular interest to both professionals in the field of psychology and ordinary people for more than a decade. The term “projection”, literally translated from Latin as “throwing forward”, is used to denote the conscious or unconscious transfer of the subject’s own experiences,...

Lifespan Development Knowledge in Human Services

Introduction Human development is the continuous change in humans over their lifespan from birth to death in psychological, cognitive, and physical aspects. The psychological part of human development comprises social relationships, personality, and emotions. Physical development entails growth and changes in the brain and body, health and wellness, the senses,...

Cognitive Psychology, Neuroscience, and Neurophilosophy

Abstract This paper highlights various secondary sources’ operational definitions of cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and neurophysiology. The research explains different psychological theories and supports them with content from secondary sources. The writing is concerned with information process and social-cultural theory, which relates to creating a social hierarchy by relating it to...

Freud’s Emphasis on Using a Coach in Psychoanalysis

Since Freud, the couch has been regarded as an essential component of psychoanalysis. Freud’s emphasis on using a coach in psychoanalysis could be interpreted in two ways (Skolnick, 2019). Firstly, the couch is a relic of hypnosis, once used to treat psychological disorders. Secondly, the couch is a ceremonial object,...

Intelligence Testing in Professional Psychology

Introduction Professional psychology implements tools to assess individuals’ attitudes and intelligence. Psychological tests can be traced back to the Han dynasty in ancient China, where public officials were given competency assessment tasks (Reynolds et al., 2021). Later, psychiatrists in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries introduced various types of evaluation to...

Nature vs. Nurture: Psychological Issue

Introduction The field of psychology, based on the use of flexible theories and practical frameworks for assessing behavioral, cultural, intellectual, and other functions, has long studied the question of relevant impacts on different skills. The ongoing debate regarding the opposition of genetics and environment as the factors that determine the...

Existential Therapy and Psychoanalytic Therapy

Introduction Professional therapy is a technique that has substantially gained ground over other therapeutic solutions used to address individuals’ distress and mental health issues. While some approaches focus on altering attitudes, others target individuals’ behaviors. The methods help individuals come to terms with life and improve their perspectives by targeting...

A Literature Review on Positive Behavior Support

Positive Behavior Support (PBS) has been identified as an effective strategy to identify and eradicate the triggers of problematic behaviors among students. Researchers reveal that this intervention promotes independence, participation and enhanced quality of life by reinforcing target behaviors when they occur (McKim and Samuel, 2021). However, this strategy can...

Freud’s Theory of Child Development

Introduction Freud’s theory of child development focuses on personality, and it defines how an individual behaves, feels, and thinks. Therefore, a child grows up unique depending on the issues they went through when they were young. As a child grows, they develop long-term characteristics that they hold throughout their life,...

“Switching Between Lift and Use Grasp Actions” by Bub et al.

Background The article under review investigates the concept of grasp actions. Bub et al. (2018) state that they are directed by an individual’s stored manipulation knowledge, which retains how one typically uses objects, and vary depending on the objective to either lift or use an object. It is assumed that...

Interpersonal Relationships and Conflict in “Malcolm & Marie” Film

Interpersonal Relationships Human interactions and their circumstances, connections, and context to them create interpersonal relationships together. The bonds people share are intricate and are classified into types, stages, theories, and more. Interpersonal relationships fall into the following categories: friendship, romantic relationship, family relationship, and professional relationship. The stages of a...

Real-Life Story of Post-traumatic Stress Disease

P.K Phillips begins her story by describing PTSD as a life-long challenge since it has affected most of her life. At her young age, Phillip started experiencing undiagnosed mental disorders which were not visible to others. Although Phillip was battling a serious condition, people perceived Phillips to be living a...

Erickson’s Theory of Psycho-Social Development

Erik Erikson was one of the most influential psychologists of the 20th century. Creating his famous developmental theory, he argued that throughout their lifespan, people go through eight stages, with each of them being associated with a specific crisis. The successful resolution of the crises allows a person to live...

“The Perils of Obedience” Book by Stanley Milgram

The relations between an individual and authority are complicated, and people have to learn how to behave regarding their personal principles and the social standards set. The work of Stanley Milgram (1963), “The Perils of Obedience” is one of the sources where captivating and educative information on how people should...

Mental Health Problems Among Veterans

Introduction Veterans and people serving in the military face a number of unique health issues. In times of war, priority is given to life-threatening injuries such as gunshot wounds and head injuries. However, some service members develop different health problems after the war as a result of war exposure and...

Cognitive Dissonance in Abusive Relationships

The concept of cognitive dissonance can help explain a victim of an abusive relationship’s emotional state and psychological motivation. The term suggests that a person is in that severe situation when their actions contradict their beliefs and views. An extended stay in this state ultimately leads to a feeling of...

The Theories of James, Wundt, and Jung in Psychology

Psychology fits well under the category of relatively young sciences as identified in the 19th century’s experimental exploration of human beings. Scholars exploring mind-related issues in the context of philosophy, however, discovered the concept of human thinking much earlier. The arguments about this cogency became tense before the 19th century,...

Resistance to Change: Reasons and Consequences

Changes that are an integral part of development occur every day and might affect people in different ways. Some of them perceive the constantly altering world positively; others feel less optimistic and show a certain resistance towards changes. Still, the existence of a person under the conditions of continuous moderations...

Hindsight Bias and Confirmation Bias

People’s everyday life is filled with interactions and information exchange. However, the objectivity of the perceptions and attitudes of the information is hindered by numerous biases that are influenced by multiple factors. These factors include upbringing, social background, religious beliefs, experience, developmental level, and others. Therefore, an individual’s judgment might...

The Problem of Technology Addiction Among College Students

The rapid development of technologies has impacted every aspect of modern people’s lives, from work and education to leisure and recreation. In fact, when someone hears words as windows or apple, they instantly think about computers rather than the actual things these words refer to. When living in such a...

Adlerian Psychology: A Powerful Counseling Model

Psychotherapy is an area that had gained recognition because of its ability to meet people’s needs and encourage them to re-pattern their energy levels. Psychologists consider clients’ challenges and past experiences to provide personalized support. Adlerian psychology remains one of the widely used models that guide professionals to treat patients...

Understanding Brain and Learning Conncetions

Introduction The brain is one of the most complicated and multifunctional organs in the human body. Medical specialists, psychologists, and neuroscientists have always been paying special attention to its abilities and role in the organism. One of the main functions of the brain is connected with the process of learning....

Theoretical Approach: Family Systems Therapy

Strategic Family Therapy There are many theoretical approaches in psychotherapy; every method is effective in its way and can be applied to different cases. The choice of a technique is determined by the values and needs of a client, including improving interpersonal relationships, solving family problems, or dealing with identity...

Biopsychosocial Factors of Stress

Stress is a biopsychosocial phenomenon, as it affects a person’s physical well-being, emotional stability, and social interactions. Stress can also be explained by a myriad of biopsychosocial factors that contribute to its development described by Sarafino and Smith (2017). First, stress is correlated with social support, which implies that increased...

Intellectual Disability Problem Analysis

Introduction Developmental disorders are a group of conditions that affect people’s growth and the ability to complete normal tasks. A good example is that of intellectual disability (ID) and individuals who have limitations in various functional competencies. Researchers and scholars in the fields of genetics and psychology have been keen...

Forensic Psychology, Its History and Evolution

Forensic psychology refers to an applied discipline focused on the application of psychological research as well as principles within the legal and criminal justice systems. From a critical analysis, one is capable to appreciate how far psychology and law have evolved in the last centuries. William Stern of 1901 appears...

Mental Health Issues in People of Various Ages and Origins

Mental health is an essential phenomenon that influences individuals’ well-being. Even if a person does not have any physical health problems, mental health issues can significantly decrease their life quality. It is so because these conditions create some barriers for people to enjoy life in its entirety. That is why...

Escaping the Endless Adolescence’ by Joseph Allen

Introduction Teenage is considered to be the most important stage of development. This stage has a very significant role in an individual’s physical and psychological development. It is commonly agreed that the kind of life that an individual lives at this stage has a great influence on the future life....

Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory

The development of an individual is a life-long process that can be influenced by the various factors. Urie Bronfenbrenner identifies these elements as the types of ecological, or environmental, systems. The ecological structures affect the individual or can be manipulated by the person. These processes contribute to the personal and...

Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Introduction Autism can be “defined as a complex developmental disability that normally appears during the first three years of life and is as a result of a neurological disorder that affects the normal functioning of the brain.” (Parker, p. 3) Researches conducted in the past indicate that biological causes are...

Childhood: The Concept of Social Construction

Jame Allison and Alan Prout argue that changing times and cultural trends give rise to different conceptions of children and childhood. They note that these conceptions have been influenced over time by socio-economic, cultural and religious factors that became dominant at various historical times. Apart from societal ideologies, parental ideas...

Sigmund Freud: Genius or Eccentric?

Abstract This document is an exposition on Sigmund Freud to highlight whether he was a genius or eccentric. The concepts would be addressed from a personalistic and naturalistic viewpoint. Current research on Freudian philosophies would be explored to determine the status and impact of Freud’s ideas. Freud’s key ideas and...

Breaking Free From an Abusive Relationship

According to statistical data provided by the American Bar Association of Commission on Domestic violence, approximately 1.3 million women are physically assaulted by an intimate partner annually in the United States (American Bar Association). This problem has grown so acute that many American writers and screenwriters of the XXth century...

Stress Effects and Management Report

Introduction Stress is the feeling which results from situations that are overwhelming which the body or mind are not used to. When someone is under stress, a feeling of insecurity is evident. As a result, hormones react to the prevailing situation which may lead to a faster heart beat. Also,...

Stress and Performance in the Sport

Introduction Constructive stress is necessary for good mental and physical health. This positive stress helps one to act with optimum performance in order to achieve certain goals (Burton & Raedeke, 2008, p. 328). When stress is poorly managed or becomes overwhelming it results in negative effects. This article will explain...

The Psychology Laboratory at the Turn of the 20th Century

Introduction In his article “The psychology Laboratory at the turn of the 20th Century.” the author, Ludy T. Benjamin Jr. evaluates and gives us a historical picture of how the psychology laboratory operated from the late 1800’s to early 1900. It is during this time that the distinction between general...

The Effects of Battered Women Syndrome

Overview A battered woman’s syndrome is a mixture of feelings alongside other temperamental patterns which are as a result of the consequences of trauma, lack of assistance and a round of violence which makes the affected female victim to blindly acknowledge that it is impossible to evade the abusive relationship...

How to End a Relationship?

Introduction Human beings are by nature social beings and therefore it can be understood that at one time in a person’s life, a person must establish a relationship of a particular nature. Relationships come in various forms and they involve a certain degree of intimacy. People enter into relationships optimistic...

Phobias and Addictions as Manifestations of the Human Mind Weakness

Both phobias and addictions are two weak states of a person’s mind where one can be weak while thinking of or seeing something. They can really weaken a person and if a person has intensive phobias or addictions then he or she must consult any psychiatrist to resolve the problem...

Unemployment and Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale

The concept of self-esteem is derived from self –theory. Theory of self has been based on a Euro-American view, which has low value on the African –Americans. A basic assumption of self-theory is the need to appreciate oneself and be appreciated by others. This basic assumption, according to Cross (1971)...

Temperament in Children Development

The events in an individual’s life during childhood vastly influence the personality type of that person during adulthood. In most cases, the roles played by parents contribute significantly to the personality of a child even as he or she grows to maturity (481). During the infancy stage, there is a...

Brohfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory of Development

Abstract The Brohfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory of Development is a context that explains the role of ecology on our growth and development. The theory projects how resiliency and other factors prompting our development mentally. The incorporation of resiliency as a subject in learning theories based on societal contexts is an important...

Children Play and Wellbeing

Play Play is the term used to define the wide range of activities that people and particularly children engage themselves in for purposes of amusement and enjoyment. The players usually get involved in the activities willingly. Moreover, in the case of children, the motivation to play is due to their...

Theorist in the Field of Child Psychology

Jean Piaget made great contribution to child psychology and development of the new approaches and concepts in this sphere. The benefit of Piaget’s theory is that young children are far more able than the theorist gave them credit for. Though, it seems that there is also a hazard of overestimating...

Unconscious vs. Conscious Motivation

Since the early days of human psychology, many are interested in discovering the principles behind motivation. This is an important topic for many including managers, teachers, and parents. The ability to understand the intricacies of motivation will help them to create strategies and teaching tools that will encourage the people...

Language Does Shape the Way People Think

Introduction In human perception and reflection of reality, there is an issue which has been the focal point of research for psychologists and linguists: whether it is the language or the thought that develops first, which of them determines the course of the other, and what exactly is the nature...

Many Versions of Cinderella, Which One Is Right for Your Child?

Fairy tale stories such as Cinderella stories must be taught to young children as they are one of the best ways to tell the children about the surrounding world. Cinderella stories form an excellent literature study aiming at character education. You can find different versions of the Cinderella stories. There...

The Development of Adolescents

In life, children must pass through several stages and they take specific steps on their way to becoming adults. Usually, there are four stages which people take towards becoming adults; there is infancy which if of the children at the age of two years, early childhood is the age between...

Organisational Behaviour in Teams and Groups

Introduction For human beings it is typical to unite in various groups, teams and organisations. For the sake of order and avoiding anarchy certain rules and laws are established in these organisations that regulate the principles of organisational behaviour. Accordingly, organisational behaviour is the basis of the successful performance of...

Causes and Management of Stress

Abstract Stress can be classified in three categories namely; Mechanical stress which is the average amount of force exerted per unit area, biological which can either be psychological or physiological and music stress. The paper I am writing will entirely deal with the biological stress. First the paper, defines what...

James Fowler’s Six Stages of Faith

Introduction James Fowler is involved in the study of the development of faith. Faith as Fowler states is that holistic point of reference which concerns the relation of man to the universe. He, therefore, identifies six stages through which he believes all faithful travel in their lives (Berger, 2000, Notes,...

Behavior Theory in “An Officer and a Gentleman” Film

Social Influences in the film Zack Mayo is almost an orphan, having lost his mother and he now has moved in with his father, a womaniser who abandoned his wife and the child. The father Byron, works as a U.S. Navy Boatswain’s Mate and is stationed in Philippines. Coming from...

Sexual Abuse and Harassment as a Deviant Behavior

Sexual abuse and harassment remain prevalent in contemporary society and have a significant influence on the lives of many people. For the most part, these issues affect women, but men may also suffer from them. One of the key problems that emerge in association with sexual harassment and abuse is...

Transparency and Termination in Group Psychotherapy

Introduction Upon the completion of the working portion of a group, the final stage becomes prominent. It is termed by Corey (2015) as the stage of termination and consolidation, and despite being less time-consuming than the previous phase, it is also crucial for the effectiveness of the therapy. In this...

Nash’s Schizophrenia in “A Beautiful Mind” Film

Introduction John Nash, the protagonist in the chef-d’oeuvre film, A Beautiful Mind, suffers from paranoid schizophrenia. At the start of the movie, Nash introduces himself to students and attempts to make a joke, but he offends other graduates by referring to their work as unoriginal before boasting how he would...

Impact of Divorce on Child Mental Health in the UK: A Comprehensive Study

Introduction The given project is devoted to the investigation of children’s mental health and factors that might impact it, specifically, parents’ divorce. The choice of the given issue is preconditioned by several factors. First, children’s health is one of the major concerns of contemporary society as they are the future...

Puberty: Its Role in Development

Susman, E. J., & Dorn, L.D. (2009). Puberty: Its role in development. In R.M. Lerner & L. Steinberg (Eds.), Handbook of adolescent psychology (p.116-151). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Main Points Historical and theoretical perspective on puberty Puberty changes affect physical morphological characteristics Understanding the neuroendocrinology of...

Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory

Introduction Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory aligns with many other behaviorist approaches to learning that imply both classical and operant conditioning. Although, the theorist added two critical points to the already existing models, suggesting that mediating processes take place between stimuli and responses as well as the fact that behaviors...

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Military Veterans

Introduction Both in the military and civilian life, people encounter traumatic occurrences that challenge their perception of the world or themselves. Reliant on a scope of factors, the responses of some people to traumatic events may last for a short time while the reactions of others might result in long-lasting...

Social Media as a Cause of Anxiety and Depression

Introduction Anxiety and depression are considerable problems for US society and the international community. According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA, n.d.), anxiety disorders are the most common mental illnesses affecting almost 40 million adults in the US. These conditions also affect 25% of children from 12...

Mental Health Theories: Behaviorism Versus Cognitivism

Theories that focus on the aspect of mental health are intended to help clients understand their issues and deal with them. Mental health specialists can use one and more theories to guide patients towards recovery. Behaviorism, psychodynamic theory, cognitive theory, and humanistic theory are the most common approaches for understanding...

Mate Value Accuracy: Understanding Your Social Worth

Summary The article primarily emphasizes the importance of knowing your own mate value. Mate-value accuracy, defined as “knowing how much other people are interested in you as a mate,” plays a significant role in a person’s social life (Back, Penke, Schmukle, & Asendorpf, 2011, p. 984). People, who accurately estimate...

Biology and Happiness: Understanding the Connection

Introduction Human beings engage in numerous activities, establish appropriate relationships, and formulate decisions that can eventually make them happy. Researchers and theorists in different fields have been focusing on the most effective mechanisms to transform emotions and empower more people to achieve their potential. It is also evident that positive...

Group Therapy: Process and Practice

Group therapy refers to a situation where one or more therapist or counselor is working with a group of people at once (Finn, 2003). Group therapy operates in the form of several people meeting for two or three days a week to discuss their issues, with the help of a...

Understanding the American Psychological Association Format

One of the immediately apparent advantages of the American Psychological Association format is that it creates a working image that is pleasing to the eye and makes the paper comfortable to follow. It instantly makes the paper look more professional, and the uniform guidelines for running headers, title pages, text...

Nature vs. Nurture: Genes of Effective Leaders

I know two people with a genetic propensity to become effective leaders. The assumption of the genetic basis for their inclination towards leadership roles was based on the conclusion after observing two sets of parents. Person A grew up in a home wherein the mother and father were pillars in...

Psychology Branches and Future Career Perspectives

Abstract The paper discusses such branches of psychological science as biopsychology, cognitive neuropsychology, clinical psychology, counseling psychology, geropsychology, industrial-organizational psychology, social psychology, experimental psychology, and forensic psychology. The paper covers the main concepts, differences, advantages, and disadvantages of each branch. The prospects for the future career in each of these...