1309 samples of this type
Introduction What is Recombinant Bovine Growth Hormone (rBGH) ‘Recombinant Bovine Growth Hormone’ (rBGH) is one of the promising products of biotechnology that help increase the production of milk by cows and is a boon for large-scale dairy operators. The sale of milk produced from cows treated with rBGH is permissible...
Introduction According to both written and archaeological evidence, plants have been a reliable source of medicine for human beings over a span of many thousand years. The first medicinal plants were probably discovered accidentally when a person tried the edibility of a plant and in the process discovered that it...
Abstract Evolution refers to the change of properties of a living organism from one generation to the next over a period of time. Human has impacted both negatively and positively during the evolution period, a time when man was also undergoing evolution. Such positive changes include the preservation of some...
Economy of Istanbul Istanbul is an economically developed city that combines the industry, tourism, and transportation sectors. Its GDP in 2017 amounted to one-third of Turkey’s GDP, or 970 billion Turkish liras (Kistak, 2018). The beneficial geographical location of Istanbul, as well as the history of its economic development and...
The argument that geography no longer matters in the 21st century does not hold. Despite the communication, trade, and infrastructural barriers that globalization has broken, the world cannot get to a position where humans can regard geography as irrelevant. Even with the proliferation of globalization, global problems such as climate...
The purpose of the experiment was to understand the differences between different types of ideal gas expansions, paying attention to the amount of work done. Results The temperature-time plot for the isothermal process when moving the piston quickly is indicated in Figure 1. Figure 2 shows the pressure versus time...
Introduction The first question this research attempted to explore was how different water treatments affect maximum plant height. The hypothesis stated that the greywater would result in shorter plants in the experiment because such water has potentially harmful chemicals and materials that may have adverse impacts on the soil in...
What was Pangaea? According to the continental drift theory, over 300 million years ago, all the continents were joined together forming a single landmass surrounded by water. This landmass is called Pangaea. List 4 type of evidence which supported continental drift The continental drift theory supposes that over 300 million...
One of the most notable characteristics of today’s geopolitical situation in the world is that, as time goes, Russia becomes ever more potent in both: economic and political senses of this word. In its turn, this causes the U.S. and its allies a great deal of concern – the West...
Introduction The present paper will seek to report on the observations of primate behavior in the Los Angeles Zoo and highlight behavioral similarities between primates and humans. This technique is often used in biological anthropology, which seeks to explain how humans appeared on Earth. Observing and comparing primate behavior to...
Introduction Assessment of a given culture can be carried out from various perspectives. Some of the recognized perspectives, which are used by anthropologists and other professionals, include the emic and the etic approaches. To gain an emic perspective of a culture, the individual is required to view the world through...
Epigenetics and Family History Epigenetics is a quickly developing field of science that has proven to be practical in medicine. It focuses on changes in gene activity that are not a result of DNA sequence mutations. Epigenetics studies the volatility of DNA methylation, chromatin, and distinct RNA which can alter...
Introduction The causal factor for Tay-Sachs disease is a genetic mutation occurring in the HEXA gene (Yerramilli-Rao, Giannikopoulos, Kublis, Pan, & Eichler, 2012). Genetic mutations represent a lasting modification in the DNA chain that forms the gene; this results in the malfunction of one or many progressions in a person’s...
A mercury barometer consists of a glass tube with a small reservoir at the bottom. A small amount of mercury fills the reservoir. As soon as the barometric pressure changes, the mercury in the tube goes either higher (with an increase of the pressure) or lower (as the pressure falls)....
Introduction This paper examines the concept of global warming with a focal point on car emissions. It is expected to aid policy makers in national governments, automobile manufacturers, fuel industry CEOs, and city planners. This paper is meant to ensure that authorities across the world, industries and members of the...
Introduction Water is among the most valuable natural resource found on the earth. The human body can survive for a number of days without food, but its systems will fail without water. The ecosystem requires water in order to supply human beings with food, energy and other resources essential for...
Introduction The bottled water industry cannot be stopped today because of the great awareness of people about drinking only bottled water so that they will not be ill. Another reason for the rise of the use of bottled water is because of the convenience that it offers in terms of...
Introduction Bioremediation labs utilize microorganisms to degrade oil spills. Cleaning of soil alongside water and air can be achieved through bioremediation. Simulated oil spills are used to test numerous microbial cultures for bioremediation efficacy. Using a tetrazolium solution helps gauge the speed of oil breakdown. The environment may, unfortunately, experience...
Tomatoes as Goods Brought from the New World to the Old World The New World has had a rather significant impact on crops worldwide. Some of these contributions include maize, peanuts, avocado, cassava, and tomatoes (McNeill, 4). The latter crops originate from western South America and Central America. Tomatoes were...
Introduction Religious and cultural customs of ancient civilizations can be enigmatic or even terrifying to modern people. The Aztecs, an indigenous nation that ruled in Mesoamerica until the Spanish conquest in the early 16th century, are a prime example of how attitudes and values change over time. Through war and...
Connection to Land and Geographical Context All Indigenous People living in Alaska had a strong connection with the land, which influenced their lifestyles, the types of their dwellings, their interaction with the ground, and their religious views. The first significant issue is that the Eyak, the Tsimshian, the Tlingit, and the...
Introduction Draft horses embody strength, agility, reliability, and hard work. They play a major role in the exemplification of various tasks in which they are pivotal. However, it is important to implement the proper care techniques to ensure the health, well-being, and potential of the aminal are not minimized, especially...
The Generation of ATP in Metabolism ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the energy foundation of cells. It is essential for various cellular processes. In aerobic organisms, it is produced during metabolism through cellular respiration. During glycolysis, glucose is broken down to produce ATP and NADH. Pyruvate then enters the citric acid...
Introduction PH (hydrogen potential indicator) is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. This parameter indicates the solution’s hydrogen ions (H+) concentration. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with a value of 7 being considered neutral (Surat, 2020). A value less than 7 indicates acidity,...
Introduction Unfortunately, humans often aim to improve their living conditions by hunting animals for various purposes, which frequently leads to some species’ partial or complete extinction. One such example is the black rhinoceros, as quite a few representatives of this species are left. The black rhino was selected for this...
Metal chelate affinity chromatography is a method based on the different affinity of organic compounds to ions of some metals. The concept of metal chelate affinity chromatography (MCAC) was first formulated and presented by Porath in 1975. It was based on the well-known affinity of transition metal ions, such as...
Introduction An activity pattern is defined as a sequence of events that make up the accomplished work of a group over time. A single activity pattern may involve several activities in which human beings are involved. To understand daily life activities, studying the different activity patterns humans were involved in...
Background This paper investigates potential differences in sleep duration among male and female patients. To find the answer to this question, the paper uses the Independent Samples t-Test, for which the assumption of homogeneity of variance is evaluated, and the results of the analysis are interpreted. Data Analysis Plan This...
Aim The aim of the present work was to determine the purity of the isolated cellular DNA sample from E. coli obtained in previous tests. The DNA is a double helix linked complementary by hydrogen bonds, with a phosphodiester bond implemented between the nucleotides of one strand. This bond could...
Introduction Golden deserts sway in the Iranian steppe under the hot heat. The craggy boulders strewn throughout this terrain glisten in the distance when temperatures here exceed 70°C (158°F), which is a temperature record. Nevertheless, wildlife thrives, notwithstanding this arid environment. Surprisingly, the Asiatic cheetah is this ecosystem’s top predator....
Connective tissue presents a part of human anatomy that supports the body’s structure and other tissues’ functionality by connecting them. Depending on their composition, materials, and functions, connective tissues can be separated into three types: loose, dense, and specialized. Loose connective tissue has the widest distribution in the human body;...
Staining allows us to detect microbes in the microscopic material, determine their number, and quickly study the morphological features of microorganisms. The ratio of bacteria to Gram stain is determined by their ability to retain the complex of gentian violet with iodine formed during the staining process. For coloring, the...
Orangutangs The first species selected for observation are orangutangs in the San Diego Zoo. There are three species of the genus Pongo: Sumatran orangutan, Bornean orangutan, and Tapanuli orangutan (“Orangutan,” n.d.). Orangutangs, also known as red apes, live in the forests of the Southeast Asian islands (“Orangutan,” n.d.). These great...
Teratogens are chemicals that can cause physical or functional abnormalities in a human embryo or fetus is exposed to a pregnant mother. Examples of such drugs include alcohol and cocaine. The duration of exposure, the amount of teratogenic chemical present, and the stage of development in which the embryo or...
The demographic trends in many countries have been vastly different. This is the effect of many countries’ population growth or population-reduction initiatives. Ethiopia is demonstrating massive progress with relation to the development of health and living conditions of its citizens. Infant and maternal mortality are decreasing, and child mortality under...
Introduction Weathered rocks, mineral particles, organic material, air, and water make up soil matter. The material provides the necessary nutrients for plants and organisms to grow. Soil formation is a gradual weathering of rocks due to physical agents like wind and water and chemical reactions such as oxidation-reduction. The progressive...
The skin may be regarded as one of the most important organ of the human body due to its multiple indispensable functions. It protects a person from all challenges that may come from the environment and assists in the regulation of inner processes as well. This paper is dedicated to...
Introduction The book Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow is authored by Yuval Noah Harari, a professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Harari incorporates the current abilities, achievements as well as attempts of innovation to paint a picture of future mankind. Hence, it is a brief history of...
Introduction The experiment conducted for my lab report consists of two tests: iodine and emulsifiers. The objective of the experiment was to identify the difference between organic and inorganic chemicals. Both positive and negative reactions to the iodine test are included in the analysis as well. Furthermore, the experiment will...
Introduction The question of uniformity of matter has been explored through various perspectives in the philosophical dimension. A naturalist position may be a good option on which an emphasis can be made within the scope of the issue. Joseph Krutch, being a significant representative of naturalists, advocated the necessity to...
It is important to note that Schlapp’s piece is heavily impacted by the worldview and paradigmatic assumptions rooted in the reversion theory, although he presents the explanation on the basis of glandular or chemical cause. The observed data by Schlapp is still based on him accepting the notion of polyphyletic...
The brain is the most vital component of the human body. It directs and organizes actions and responses, helps think and feel, and provides human experiences such as memories and emotions. This research paper consists of three parts that highlight the three-dimensional sagittal view model of the brain, the structure...
Burmese pythons were introduced there by an invasive method. They feed on other animal species such as birds, crocodiles, and mammals. This type of snake is common in South Florida in the Everglades National Park (Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, n.d.). Currently, it is noticed that this species is...
The grey squirrel is a mammal that is native to the United States and some provinces of Canada. Due to its grey fur, the squirrel frequently occurs in city environments since the color increases the species’ survival rate in urban conditions. As a consequence, these animals and their behavior are...
General Introduction Fossils from the Late Devonian period, supposedly more than 360 million years old, were found in rocks in East Greenland. The fossils of this ancient animal made it clear that it had a generally developed system of fingers and limbs, so the species was quickly classified as a...
Most people in society believe that a mother must behave in a specific way around their newborns. However, some current research discredits such a belief, citing that it is biologically unsupported and only socially and historically grown. Historically, society believes that women have instinctive longing to have children and can...
Democratization of Maps began in the late 1970s, although some geographers opposed the idea of democratization of maps with a view that it would lead to the demise of cartography. However, the program gained popularity in 2002 when many people joined the race. The color brewer tool was the leading...
General Information One of the first mammals of the Mesozoic era was Hadrocodium, whose external structure may remind modern rodents of the rat, squirrel, or weasel type. Fossils of this animal were found in Early China; it is thought that Hadrocodium lived about 195-200 million years ago. Literally, the Latin...
A cell is the smallest unit of an organism. Molecules within a cell move through the cell membrane by the use of diffusion. Diffusion refers to the process molecules move from a high concentration gradient to a place of the low concentration gradient across a semipermeable membrane(Burini & Chouhad, 2019)....
General Information Ambulocetus survived as a transitional form of cetaceans between terrestrial and aquatic species, so this creature was characterized by going out into shallow water searching for food. Ambulocetus’ appearance was similar to either dolphins or crocodiles, with anatomical structure indicating that the fossil form belonged to cetaceans. Ambulocetus...
One of the important aspects of marine biology is the study of how marine organisms exhibit a variety of physiologic adaptation that makes them suitable for the marine environment and particularly successful in a particular ecological niche within the overall marine environment. Phylum Porifera Phylum Porifera or Sponges are aquatic...
The human body is a complex and multilevel system whose components are combined into a coherent and balanced mechanism. The need for molecular oxygen defines the body as an open system, which needs the resources of the environment to maintain effective activity. More specifically, at the macro level, oxygen is...
General Description of Homo Floresiensis Homo Floresiensis is a primitive hominine species that has become an object of active scientific debates. H. Floresiensis was discovered in 2003 in Lang Bua (Indonesia) in the Late Pleistocene sediments (Sutikna et al., 2016). For a long time, the scientists have been discussing the...
Historical Background The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the original home of Islam and the Arab people and occupies a large part of the Arabian Peninsula (Vassiliev, 2013). Saudi Arabian citizens mostly support the Arab and Muslim cultures that connect them with millions of people in different parts of the...
Introduction This study discusses Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, which are also called PAHs, as specific chemicals materials that present huge risk for the environment, animals, and human beings. These materials are formed as a result of process of combustion of different materials. The project also mentions the process of calibration and...
Purpose The purpose of this lab experiment is to equip learners with essential laboratory techniques and skills employed to avoid contamination of microbial cultures by maintaining purity. This experiment will allow us to utilize an aseptic technique to inoculate a pure culture of Lyompholized Escherichia coli to broth, slants, and...
Binomial Nomenclature of Modern-day Chimpanzee In this paper, the organism of focus will be the Modern-day Chimpanzee. It is also referred to as chimp, robust chimpanzee, or common chimpanzee. Chimpanzees are of the species great apes native to the savannah and forests in Africa. There are four main subspecies: the...
Abstract This experiment aimed to investigate Redox reaction and hence determine which elements were reactive. For this experiment, the practical was performed separately, metal versus metal redox reactions and non-metal versus non-metal reactions. The metals in question were zinc, lead and copper which were reacted separately against each other’s nitrate...
Have you ever asked yourself about how life appeared on Earth? This question has always been at the center of attention. For many years, there have been debates about whether life was created by God, as described in the Bible, or if it has a more scientific explanation, according to...
Genetic engineering is the manipulation of the genes of an organism by completely altering the structure of the organism so as to come up with different characteristics of the same organism. Genetic engineering has been successfully applied in different fields with a lot of success especially in the disciplines of...
Introduction The Triaclyglyceral compounds refer to the group of lipids found in plants and animals; that are easily metabolized to acetyl coenzyme as they are twisters of glycerol as the main constituent of compounds. In most cases, the basic structures of most prevalent triaclyglycerals are not complex; but are composed...
The development of ecosystems is affected by various physical, biological, and chemical agents, and these effects can be both positive and negative. It is noteworthy that in the majority of cases this is an adverse impact. For instance, such physical agents as oil spills or surface plastic debris can be...
Introduction Gram staining is a highly crucial step in the process of identifying unknown strains of bacteria. It helps to differentiate between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as gives pertinent information on the size and shape of the bacterial cells. The next step in the identification criteria is based...
The red blood cells (RBCs) are oxygen and carbon dioxide carrying cells found in the blood serum of vertebrate organisms (Starr, 143). They transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues, and carbon dioxide from the tissues to organs that get rid of them, such as lungs. The RBCs are...
Introduction The experiment was conducted to determine the usage and purpose of spectrophotometer relative to Beer and Lambert’s law. Spectrophotometer is used in measuring the intensity of light absorption as described in Beer and Lambert’s law. In the experiment, Glucose and enzymes were provided and since glucose is not absorbent,...
The reproductive system is formed by organs in an organism. These organs function together for the reason of reproduction. It is found in both sexual and asexual organisms. The reproductive system of human beings is similar to that of many animals. A male and female come together during sex and...
Background Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) is an analytical method that employs two distinct yet depended techniques. Infrared spectroscopy entails use of the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum in identification and study of matter. A mathematically derived algorithm called the Fourier Transform is then used to convert the raw data...
Introduction Multifactorial traits refer to the physical and behavioral differences in human beings. Such traits include height, skin color, fingerprints, physical weight and height, behavioral conditions and tendencies, and eye color among others. Some traits are inherited while others are acquired depending on the environmental conditions of one’s upbringing. According...
DNA cloning technique Cloning is the process of transferring a gene from its natural chromosomal to an autonomous vector so that to replicate. During the process of cloning, the DNA is transferred from the cells and manipulated in a test tube and the new DNA is consequently returned into cells...
Introduction Stem cell research is a controversial field full of ethical concerns. Humans desire to live long and healthy lives and one way to do so is to regain the functions of organs or to regenerate organs (Okka, 2015). Stem cell research is the field of medicine that promises such...
Skull – consists of cranial and facial bones Cranial bones – these contribute to the cranium, which encloses & protects the brain; note they are separated by jagged boundaries called sutures; there are 8 cranial bones (note there is a right & left parietal and a right & left temporal;...
Introduction The preservation of wild life is the crucial issue for saving the bio diversity and the ecological balance on our planet. Originally, it should be stated that the allover efforts of governments, world organizations and separate personalities are rather highly-valuable, nevertheless, these efforts should be ten times higher and...
Chlorophyll is the molecule found in green plants that absorbs sunlight necessary for the process of photosynthesis for the sustenance of plant lives. Situated in the chloroplasts of green plants, it is what constitutes the green color of green plants. When light falls on plants, chlorophyll pigments take in blue...
Introduction BIP with imino-C and imino-N substituents Bis(imino)pyridine (BIP) with imino-C (SC) and imino-N (SN) substituents. Bis(imino)pyridine ligands are an important class of ligands that are currently being investigated around the globe for their properties in numerous fields of industry. Their tridentate nitrogen donor complexes, with different transition metals, give...
Introduction The study of the structure of DNA is important not only to biologist, but to every inquisitive mind and every person that is interested in knowing how this life we live is recreated. Many researchers have come up with findings which have contributed greatly to the body of knowledge,...
Introduction Background information An accurate assessment of the concentration of dyes in food and beverages forms an integral aspect of consumer safety. Mutagenic effects stemming from high levels of concentration lead to cancer development. The determination of the concentration of dyes through spectrophotometric analysis provides an accurate method. Objective The...
Effective management of pests in the agricultural sector is critical in improving yields and eliminating unnecessary destruction of crops. The concept of integrated pest management has gained popularity over the recent past as agricultural experts embrace technology and new methods of managing pests. It emphasizes the need to manage pests...
Introduction William Foxwell Albright was an American archaeologist born in Chile. He is well remembered for his involvement in excavation of the biblical sites and his expertise in history and culture of the Near East. During his life, he conducted excavations at several places in Palestine. His most renowned work...
Introduction Business management employs various strategies to achieve results. The five steps strategy by Porter focus on outside factors like the strength/weaknesses of competitions. The resource based approach by Penrose employ the firm’s resource and capabilities to gain a competitive edge. Theories, on their part, explain why various approaches to...
Introduction Peru is a sovereign country on the western side of South America, bordered by Chile to the south, Bolivia to the southeast, Ecuador and Colombia to the north, and Brazil to the east. It is not landlocked as the Pacific Ocean borders it in the west. The name Peru...
Abstract All life on earth is made of a fundamental structure called a Cell. They can be of two types of organisms: Unicellular and Multicellular. Unicellular are made of a single cell (Uni – one, in latin) cell and Multicellular organisms are made of many cells (Multi – many). Cell...
Introduction Sugarcane is a fleshy, tall perennial grass crop that grows fast infertile tropical soils (Sheridan, 2000). Physical and climatic factors such as temperature, soil, rainfall, and other factors largely affect its growth (Sheridan, 2000). The crop’s origin can be traced to South Asia and Southeast Asia, where it was...
Introduction The Pan group of non human primates resembles the human beings the most. They are the chimpanzees of the Pan Troglodytes and the bonobo ape of the Pan Paniscus. Their sociosexual behaviors resemble hominoids. Their lives in the wild gave them special characteristics which were modified when they moved...
The current review deals with Gmelch’s article Lessons from the field initially published in Annual Editions: Anthropology. To understand the purpose and significance of this article one should pay attention to Gmelch scholarly background and the main directions of his studies. There is no denying the importance of the fact...
Introduction Tensile testing is vital a test synonymous with material scientists who subject a material sample to a controlled tension force until the yield point where the material fails. The essence of performing this test is that it aids in quality control, selection of a material meant for a specific...
It is possible to say that the history of the emergence of Afghanistan and its physical location has become the prerequisites for the “troubles” that take place on the territory. Afghanistan emerged as a “buffer” state that separated the territories of interest of Russia and Britain (Blijde et al 265)....
The modern archaeology relies on a whole range of tools, methods, and techniques that help the scientists to evaluate the sites before the beginning of excavations. The sites of different kind can be analyzed in a variety of aspects such as their chemical composition, the kinds of objects situated under...
All body cells are able to display a membrane potential that is defined as the separation of positive and negative charges of a membrane that promotes the distribution of different chemicals (Sherwood, 2011). Communication is one of the main functions of the cells in the nervous system that is possible...
My topic is “What are the good and what are the bad things associated with America”. I will focus on three positive characteristics such as the country’s impact on the modern development of technologies, America as ‘the land of opportunities’, and the protection of freedom of choice; and three negative...
Description In this passage, Pliny talks about mistletoe, a parasitic plant that is mostly found growing on oak trees. The author notes that mistletoe can also grow on other trees apart from the oak such as turpentine trees and wild pears. It is noted that there are different strains of...
Origin Myths In the myths of the tribes inhabiting South America, there are multiple metaphors including those depicting the role of humans, animals, and objects of nature. These figurative images reflect the social beliefs of these nations. For instance, they show the role of a man and woman in society;...
Introduction Dogs need to have good hygienic care. The dog owner can learn how to groom his or her dog (Miller, n.d.). There are professional groomers whose sole responsibility in life is to groom dogs at a fee. Some of the tools that one needs for grooming are the curry...
Protecting the Habitat of Endangered Bird or Timber Logging? Walker and David argue that every person is required to protect the endangered species because; they have a duty to protect the earth, including these birds, for future generations (127). The societies do not possess the species, but they are charged...
Abstract Environmentally it would be very difficult to argue that waste management has become an eminent factor of consideration in the whole world. The development of land grows at an alarming rate while the rates of recycling remain dismally very low. Considering the water industry, the amount of plastic bottles...
Introduction The agricultural industry is a key pillar in the foundation of any nation. This is because every nation must have a way in which it can provide for its peoples most basic need: food. To safeguard the survival of this important industry, most developed nations have come up with...
Woodbury is one of the places that seem quite ordinary at first but discover several unique geological features at second glance. Woodbury is located in the North of Connecticut, in the Litchfield County, and is surrounded by Bethlehem (south), Roxbury (west) and Watertown (east) (see Picture 1). Therefore, Woodbury shares...
Origins of Draft Horse Hoof Care The history of draft horse hoof care with trimmings and corrective shoeing dates back to ancient times. Horses have been essential to human civilization for centuries, and their hoof care has been a critical aspect of their management. The need for proper hoof care...
Introduction Chapter Four of Ed Yong’s “I Contain Multitudes: The Microbes Within Us and a Grander View of Life” enlightened me about the intimate relationships between microbes and their hosts. The chapter, aptly titled “Invisible Allies,” challenges the conventional view of microbes as harmful entities, instead asserting that they can...
Introduction The study of tombstone styles in cemeteries with long burial histories offers a unique window into a deeper understanding of the passage of time. The dynamic religious, cultural, and social trends of the past become apparent through Deetz’s proposed methods. By breaking down individual styles and creating a seriation...
Student learning is a matter that is influenced by numerous factors. Apart from internal student factors, such as personal commitment and the ability to generalize and absorb new knowledge, the learning process is significantly affected by the teacher. In particular, the most significant factor is the teacher’s pedagogy and content...
Numerous studies with different methods have been conducted to determine whether animals possess intelligence and what that intelligence is. Elephant mirror research was one of these studies covered in the article. Mirror study indicates elephants are pretty smart. The research is valid since the ability to recognize oneself in a...
Introduction Chemical experiments can teach students a lot and show new unknown properties of certain substances. However, in order to protect self and others, it is crucial to adhere to specific rules. They will help perform laboratory tasks safely and without harm to the body. There are special norms and...
Introduction S. aureus and S. agalactiae are pathogens that are found in many environments, including those associated with the human body, capable of causing infections ranging from mild to health hazards. Inhibiting of microbial growth with antiseptic drugs is a preventive public health measure (Stathis et al., 2021). In the...
Introduction Nitrogen (N2) is the most abundant though crucial to living things element that can be found in the water, air, and soil. To a great extent, the nitrogen cycle is a systematic biochemical process under which nitrogen is converted into several usable forms, including nitrates and nitrites. Such nitrogen...
The theory of evolution by natural selection is one of the most popular versions of how the world was organized and structured. From the beginning of the Darwinian revolution, this idea became known and widely accepted by society. Charles Darwin suggested that all species have one common ancestor, and the...
White Oak Common name: white oak Scientific name: Quercus alba Physical description: with each species, height varies. Usually reaching a mature height of 50 to 75 feet. Able to reach heights of 100 feet. 40 to 70 feet in width. Simple, lobed, alternate leaves with rounded tips. With a diameter...
The USA plays an essential role in the different parts of the modern world, claiming world leadership in economics and military power. However, it is difficult to call it an empire and compare it with the British or Ottoman country. With a developed economy, significant military power, and financial potential,...
I believe that gene editing opens a lot of opportunities for humanity, but this phenomenon must be used with caution and constantly monitored. The potential to edit the human genome for creating “designed children” reduces natural predestination (Wellcome Trust, 2016). This puts both the individual and humanity as a whole...
Summary Titration is a method of chemical characterization in which the proportion of a material’s ingredient is evaluated by introducing a definite amount of another compound (Fitriani et al., 2019). The component reacts to the recorded sample with the intended element in a predetermined ratio. Typically, the procedure involves the...
Pesticides are Chemical inputs are largely used in agriculture Pesticides are mostly known for their adverse effects and, therefore, have a mostly negative connotation when discussed among general audiences. However, one must also admit that the application of pesticides is vital for maintaining the growth of crops consistently. Still, due...
The fluctuation of the deer population on Arizona’s Kaibab Plateau from 1905 to 1939 is an excellent example that demonstrates the importance of carrying capacity. This concept refers to the average population size of the species that the geographical area can support (National Geographic, n.d.). In other words, the environment...
Introduction In cartography, it is essential to properly structure the details incorporated into the drawing of maps. Any mislabeling, erroneous segmentation and data entry may ruin the perception of one’s reality and lead to bad decision-making or confusion among those who utilize the maps. Therefore, a good map should carefully...
Introduction In the contemporary world driven by progress in science and technologies, the strive toward sustainable and ecological agricultural methods prevails. Vastly utilized chemical fertilization provides a significant yield increase as it acts as a growth stimulant for plants. However, agricultural companies tend to use chemicals in excess, which has...
Expression systems, among which the recombinant vector pET, are widely used in biotechnology to introduce foreign genes into prokaryotes or simple eukaryotes. This technique makes it possible to eventually obtain recombinant proteins from those organisms that should not produce these proteins in the natural environment. For example, one of the...
General Information One of the true theropods, moving on two powerful hind legs, is Oviraptor. The reptile lived during the Late Cretaceous in what is now Central Asia, or more precisely, Tajikistan and Mongolia. A unique feature of this species was the presence of a crest on its head, which...
Introduction Many countries across the world have relied on natural resources for their economic development. Different nations have varied endowments, which has often determined their economic growth and development. The industrial revolution has been a critical age because it led to massive exploitation of natural resources, which fueled growth and...
Organic farming allows maintaining a balance within the ecosystem while producing crops. It is a practice of managing the farming process by integrating site-specific practices and using ecological approaches, as defined by Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (n.d.). For instance, an organic farming practice includes recycling resources and integrating and...
Microorganism control is critical for preventing disease transmission and infection, stopping deterioration and spoilage, and avoiding undesirable microbial contamination. There are numerous methods employed in countering the growth of microorganisms today. The techniques are divided into two categories: physical control and chemical control. Osmotic pressure, radiation, desiccation, high or low...
Abstract Environmental studies provide learners with an opportunity to advance their knowledge of how organisms interact with their environment. The study enhances one’s knowledge of how the interaction shapes the species of organisms. Some species have gone extinct, while others have undergone significant changes to fit in the new environment....
People with mental illnesses have persistent patterns of strong, inflexible cognition and respond to stimuli in unusual ways. Furthermore, certain psychological problems share characteristics with others, and individuals may simultaneously have two or more mental conditions. An individual with a personality disorder may also have another psychological illness, such as...
In the article Interrogating racism: Toward antiracist anthropology (2005), the author Leith Mullings discusses the issue of racism in anthropological studies. In the introductory part of the research, Mullings explains the historical connection between anthropology, racism, and antiracist movements. She states that anthropology has a contradicting history when it comes...
General Information The only surviving species of the Koala family of marsupials is the Koala, which is not a bear, contrary to popular belief. The closest phylogenetic relatives of koalas are kangaroos and wombats. Koalas’ bodies are wrapped in a layer of short, gray, or less frequently brown fur, apparently...
Phototrophs Organisms are usually classified based on their nutritional need, and according to this criterion, there are two distinct groups, the phototrophs and the chemotrophs. Phototrophs rely on energy from the sun to manufacture their food in the form of ATP (Parker et al., 2017). The sunlight oxidizes organic molecules...
The book “Magic of the State”, written by Michael Taussig, is a combination of creative fiction and ethnographic writing. It is a book discussing many of the real world’s problems and trends, while presenting them in the form of a fictional state (Taussig, 2013). It is difficult to pinpoint what...
General Information A member of the marsupial family is the red kangaroo, also endemic to Australia. The red kangaroo is one of the most prominent members of the kangaroo family. This animal lives in the savannah areas of Australia, and therefore it can do without fluids for a long time....
As science progresses, methods used to obtain knowledge are improving and becoming more complicated. Boisgontier & Cheval (2016) note that there is a transition to using mixed models for statistical analysis in various areas of science. They offer a better basis for analyzing variables than other more familiar tools. In...
Dalton’s Atomic Theory (DAT) was a major contribution to the field of chemistry. DAT is based on five assumptions regarding the nature of the world’s smallest molecules. The first hypothesis of this theory suggests that all matter consists of atoms, invisible particles that cannot be observed due to their minuscule...
Self-expression and Artifacts Humans may create cultural artifacts for such simple reasons as survival. However, the object will be different from that created by another person, although if they belong to the same culture, some similarities are also likely to exist. The need for self-expression arises from the sense of...
Introduction The fundamental differences between the British common law system and Quebec’s civil law system are associated with the national, historical, political, psychological, and other characteristics of countries and peoples. Due to its natural and other features, each of these legal systems develops on its own. This development, along with...
Agricultural developments were an essential step in technological progress for humanity that allowed people to sustain high population counts. However, due to the differences in availability of usable soil masses and their scale, West Africans and Medieval Europeans approached agricultural issues with entirely different solutions. This paper will examine how...
Introduction An identification process of protein that is accurate is required to be able to produce quantitative proteomics; this process is mostly carried out by searching automated softwares, they track the sequence of the database which contains mass spectra tandem of peptides, if these peptides do not have enough data,...
Hunting and gathering were the primary activities of foraging communities in the prehistoric era. It implied that people simply harvested the goods already prepared for them by nature and resettled to a different area once the previous one was depleted. According to Suzman (2018), archaeologists and historians used to believe...
Capillaries are small blood vessels that help connect veins and arteries while also facilitating the exchange of different vital elements between tissues and blood. They represent core connections in the arterial system, which includes the blood vessels that carry blood in the direction away from the heart and toward the...
Introduction There are no other cells in the human body that can generate more different cells than stem cells. Research scientists have developed an interest in stem cells’ composition and applicability in the medical field (Wang et al., 2017). Cell division of the stem cells can generally occur in the...
The results obtained in the experimental test with Mannitol salt agar (MSA), showed that there was microbial growth in the plates inoculated with staphylococcus aureus. However, the colonies of S. aureus were quite different in size and color components. Actually, the colonies of S. aureus were small in size, but...
Introduction Whooping cough, also known as pertussis, is a respiratory tract infection caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. In earlier days before the development of a vaccine, it was viewed as an infantile disease that affected children, mainly between the ages of 1 and 9. In this age group, it...
Human beings have been trying to decipher their origin and roots for centuries onwards. They easily observed that living things inherit traits from their parents, and used this finding for the cultivation of certain features in animals and plants. But the means of such heredity represented a mystery to people...
By definition, climatology denotes the study of climate. Climate for its part refers to a set of weather conditions that characterize a given location (Monin, 1986). With these definitions in mind, theories of climatology refer to the ideas that attempt to explain some climatic phenomena. There are two well known...
Broadly, archaeology scientifically studies prehistoric and historical human activities by recovering and analyzing material culture. As such, archaeologists excavate and describe past human-made objects ranging from simple tools such as stone daggers to complex structures as temples and cathedrals. On the other hand, classical archaeology has traditionally focused its attention...
Short tandem repeat (STR) is a molecular biology tool mainly exploited in forensic science in order to determine certain locations known as loci present on the nuclear material, DNA. STR sites exhibit remarkable polymorphism which offers a reliable platform for forensic investigations to differentiate the DNA profiles from one individual...
Introduction In the context of present-day developments, DNA analysis appears to be an essential tool for numerous fields. Modern biology and biochemistry intensively use methods, which are based on recombinant DNA. In addition, it is applied in bioinformatics, which implies data mining, which is contained in the DNA sequence. It...
For muscles to contract, the muscle fiber creates tension within itself. This tension is brought up by the action of myosin and actin cross-bridging sequence. Contraction in muscles generally means the generation of tension by the muscles with the help of neurons (Starr, Beverly 108). “The sliding-filament theory of muscle...
Dimethyl Ether (DME) is made by converting hydrocarbons which are first converted to methanol and then to DME (Molar 13). It can be made from other sources such as wood byproducts, household and crop waste, or from algae biomass. It’ chemical formula is CH3OCH3 and is considered a more clean...
Introduction Background Information Immunity is the biological state where an individual has adequate defenses against diseases, infections, and other invasions. At the same time, the individual acquires the ability to tolerate autoimmune diseases and avoid allergies (Nunn and Altizer 36). An immune system, on its part, is composed of numerous...
Cellular respiration is necessary to transform glucose into energy. The ATP created via chemical processes then powers cellular reactions. Aerobic respiration only occurs when glucose burns to release energy in the presence of oxygen (Russell et al., 2016). Three essential stages ensure proper aerobic respiration: glycolysis, Krebs’ cycle, and electron...
Introduction Gas chromatography (GC) is a technique used to separate volatile components of a complex mixture. The method employs a column made of a flow-through narrow tube in which a sample containing various chemical components passes in a gas stream. The gas stream in chromatography is referred to as a...
Introduction Our body is a complex made up of systems that aid in its functions; these systems are coordinated by an overall system known as the nervous system. Using sense, the nervous system sends reaction messages to organs for necessary action. The human body has built-in senses that are used...
Introduction Traits that protect the crop yielding potentiality will always be vital. Advanced technologies are being used to design products for insect control such as dsRNA which generate new modes of action. Research efforts mainly focused on enhancing complex traits like biotic stress mitigation and intrinsic yield potential which are...
Introduction The human tongue is a vital organ and serves several vital functions in the human body. The organ performs various functions in the human body such as tasting, digesting, and so on. The tongue is characterized by several muscles that facilitate its movements and functions. The organ has several...
The identification if various forms of bacteria is an important part of clinical practice. To identify bacteria, the present phenotypic characteristics are usually compared with those of known bacteria. In the process of identifying bacteria a researcher needs to appreciate the fact that the characteristics may vary significantly. Furthermore some...
