2655 samples of this type
In this case, Chris is a police officer, and he is investigating a theft at a local jewelry store. Officer Chris secured a search warrant for a suspect’s house she felt committed the crime and believed there could be evidence inside the suspect’s residence. Chris must have probable cause to...
Introduction The development of criminological theory occurs with the transformation of the political and social system. Since the judicial system is an instrument for ensuring public order and stability, it primarily responds to the current needs of society. Historically, the criminological theory has shifted its focus from studying crime and...
The first step toward the correct utilization of intelligence consists of understanding it to the full extent. In the current complex landscape, terrorism poses one of the primary threats to the well-being of communities across the globe. Evidently, intelligence agencies conduct rigorous analysis of both domestic and external threats attempting...
Introduction Feminism entails a constructive understanding of how gender differences amount to inequalities in various environments. Historically, societies embodied gender roles as a fundamental variable in defining the norms and culture of a people. Women have, for so long, been victims of gender biases and participatory contexts, especially criminal offenses....
The crime-scene investigation’s primary aim is to recognize, collect, and document pieces of evidence. The collected proofs form the basis of these cases during judgment. In this instance, the different types of evidence which were collected include the broken window, paintbrush and the autopsy results of trauma to the head...
Introduction It is first of all necessary to define the scope of criminal law and its implication upon society. It could be reasonably defined that criminal law is that offshoot of law that bans certain kinds of conduct or behavior and deems it intrinsic to enforce punishment or penal action...
Introduction The legislation involves the preparation and enacting of laws that govern how certain activities are run. A legislative body conducts this process with legislative authority and powers accorded to it by the constitution. The lawmaking process ensues through evaluation, amendments, and voting for or against the proposed changes. Ideas...
Wirecard is a global provider of risk management and electronic payment services. The Wirecard ethical case involved the arrest of the company’s former CEO, who embezzled more than two billion dollars from the German company (Beerbaum 10). After the indignity was exposed to the public, the organization’s shares suddenly fell,...
Introduction Criminal justice systems denote groups of organizations and procedures embedded in countries’ constitutions to control and prevent their citizens from breaking the law. The systems also propose punishments for lawbreakers. However, a person who may be charged with breaking the law is considered to be innocent until proven guilty....
In R v Caldwell (1982) AC 341, the defendant had been sacked by his employer in a hotel, and sometime after this, he drunkenly set the hotel on fire. According to him, he had only intended to destroy the hotel property. He did not know that at the time of...
Introduction A tort is referred to as a civil wrong committed against any individual rather than the society or the tort (Bermingham and Brennan, 2008). The tortuous liability usually arises when a breach of duty is primarily fixed by the law takes occurs. The main aim of tort law is...
Acting either ethically or unethically has consequences. Businesses need to rationalize and analyze the driving force behind their decisions to ensure they can maximize profits using ethical models. Oracle Corporation and Group International are facing accusations of having used unethical means to achieve their objectives. During Microsoft’s antitrust trial, Microsoft...
The four commonly used theories of research include deductive, inductive, grounded, and axiomatic research theories. Deductive research theory refers to the data that has been obtained or collected from a general theory that leads to the prediction of what will happen or what is going on. It deals with specific...
According to a studies done by a researcher Herbert packer from Stanford University, there are two prime models that represent two systems that compete for the right values that ought to be considered within a criminal justice system. These are the due process model and the crime control model both...
The moral dilemma that has been described in this case study can be resolved by means of deontological ethics. In particular, one can apply the theory, developed by Immanuel Kant. According to this approach, a person, who has to choose between two alternatives, must act out of inner duty and...
Both policy initiation and modification serve a similar purpose – they are aimed at addressing health concerns that can be solved by implementing public policy. There are, however, significant differences between the two policymaking strategies. The former one is the development of an original law that passes through all phases...
The history of Jack the ripper can be traced back to the 19th century in England. During this period, the population in England was very high in the cities. There were problems of overcrowding and general work conditions due to the population pressures especially in the East End and Civil...
Surrogacy is the act of a woman gestating and birthing a baby for another woman (Anleu, 30). Examples of this phenomenon can be found in the Old Testament of the Bible. For Abraham and his wife Sarah to be able to have children one of their servants carried the child...
Facts Reasons Ensuring that products manufactured by companies are safe for use and do not lead to injuries is paramount for organisations. The described issue is of especially high concern for vehicle manufacturing companies since road accidents are highly likely to lead to fatal outcomes (Leichtamer v. American Motors Corp)....
Introduction Criminal justice represents the system, which is a set of constituent elements that have specific interconnections and links with the environment (Neubauer & Fradella, 2018). Criminal justice consists of several stages of the criminal process, the first of which is pretrial procedures involving the initiation of criminal proceedings and...
One strength of the U.S. Constitution One of the most important strengths of the U.S. Constitution is the fact that it protects human rights. In particular, the right to private life, the right to freedom of speech, or the right to life can be noted. These rights are inherent to...
Protective Equipment Traditionally, a line between the items used by the first responding officer and the crime scene personnel is drawn. The former must utilize the items such as biohazard bags, bindle paper, barricade tape, and first-aid kits. The list is not restricted to the specified components and may include...
Introduction There is no doubt that when an individual commits a serious crime, justice should be executed, and an offender should face the consequences of his or her deeds. At first glance, such reasoning seems robust and applicable in all cases. However, when it comes to juvenile delinquents, there is...
Speed Limit Essay Introduction It is undoubtedly true that driving safety is one of the most widely-discussed topics. That is why there is an impressive number of diverse opinions regarding the traffic rules. The limitation of speed limits may be the most severe issue drivers are dealing with nowadays. The...
Let’s explain the basics. What’s a bill? It’s somebody’s proposal for a future law that is brought to the responsible party (aka a legislative body) for a review. Before being accepted, such a proposal goes through an extensive list of processes and reviews, and only after that, it may become...
Abstract A limited, simple observation study was completed as a portion of a psychology major course requirement toward the completion of a Bachelor’s Degree in Psychology. The observation study was conducted over a period of six hours in an open-air market at the vacation destination location of Key West, Florida,...
Abstract The Innocence Project (I.P.) is a nonprofit organization that works to reform the criminal justice system and employs DNA testing to exonerate wrongfully convicted persons. This essay focuses on the story of Thomas McGowan, a man imprisoned for 23 years for a crime he didn’t commit, and how the...
Overview of the Bill of Rights of the U.S. Constitution Like the Bill of Rights of the USA Constitution, the Illinois Constitution contains a list of primary articles governing the rights and liberties of the citizen. The Constitution begins with the Bill of Rights, which contains a list of provisions...
In modern society, the punishment for criminals varies according to their age. Juvenile offenders can be subject to different types of punishment than those applied to adults. The general consensus is that young people have a greater chance of rehabilitation than adult criminals, thus, their punishment should be more lenient....
Introduction The UCR is a program run by the FBI that collects and disseminates information on crimes reported to law enforcement agencies nationwide whereas the NCVS is a survey that the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) conducts to compile information on crime from the viewpoint of victims. Discussion The Summary...
Introduction The relationship between the government and its citizens is critical for peaceful coexistence in a nation. In America, the Bill of Rights provides a framework on which the conduct of the United States government and its citizens are evaluated. America’s Bill of Rights contains the first ten constitutional amendments...
The trial for the case of SMA v John XXIII College (No 2) [2020] ACTSC 211 took place in Mount-Clermont, Australia. It was revealed by the Supreme Court of the ACT (ACTSC) that, due to the university college breaching its duty of care, a female student was sexually assaulted near...
Being an “evil” person is different from simply being “bad”. Evil is unforgivable, while “badness” is expected to be found in many (Hickey, 2010). Fictional media, such as Friday the 13th, Saw, Scream, and other horror films, reminded society that evil resides nearby. However, the media has also gradually introduced...
Introduction Criminal psychology studies mental phenomena and patterns manifested in the process of activities associated with crimes. These activities include the formation of a criminal attitude of the personality, the formation of a criminal motive, the personality of a criminal and a victim, and other means. However, it is the...
In the United States, there are an increasing number of juvenile offenders and the country also has one of the highest incidences of serious crime. Studies show that the causes of such criminal behavior are rooted in a complex set of psychological, social, and economic factors. Clinical studies have uncovered...
Introduction A concerned citizen has contacted the police regarding the selling of counterfeit public documents. He told the police that he was going to the state residents to apply for a driver’s license. When he was almost reaching the office, he was approached by a man who told him he...
Corrupt judicial and policing systems hinder the success of anti-corruption efforts in various states. Morally compromised justice sectors have crippled institutional frameworks for curbing deception. The extreme effects of corruption undermine the rule of law and avert sustainable development. Essentially, the act compromises the principles of integrity, independence, equality, and...
Introduction Major water bodies, such as the seas and the oceans, make up 70% of the earth’s surface. As such, life on the planet depends significantly on this important resource. Marine resources are economically and ecologically important to many countries in the world. As a result, international bodies have come...
Introduction Given the diversity of shareholders who are the owners of limited companies and their large numbers, it is prudential that few people are given the mandate of running the day-to-day affairs of these corporations. Shareholders, therefore, employ managers and choose directors who are responsible for decisions about how the...
The recruitment of police officers entails many processes that must be completed before one is eligible to be an officer. The first process is evaluating one’s strengths and weaknesses by checking to see if he or she qualifies to join the police force. The second step is to contact the...
Introduction The routine activity theory was developed by Felson and Cohen in the 1970s and created a subfield within the crime opportunity theory. What makes routine activity theory stand out is the fact that the researchers were among the first criminologists to shift the focus from the criminal to the...
Crime Theories and Criminal Justice Policies The concept of crime was created and promoted by people to evaluate their behaviors and responsibilities, as well as to maintain control and order. To gain a better understanding of crimes, it was necessary to introduce theories and follow changes through different times in...
Intellectual property law is a legitimate concept that deals with legal property rights such as copyrights, industrial design rights, patents, trade secrets, trademarks and any other creations of the mind whether artistic or commercial and their related rights. Under this law, anybody who holds either of these rights is entitled...
Introduction The English legal system has come to be synonymous with common law. The term ‘common law’, in its usage, over and over, has come to be seen to mean English Legal System. The English Legal System is characterized by its way of making laws through court precedents. According to...
Nowadays, the admittance of capital punishment presents a matter of multiple discussions. From the humanistic perspective, the death penalty appears to be immoral, as it violates the fundamental human right to life. The supporters of this opinion also highlight the fact that none acquire the right to kill someone without...
Introduction Many controversies are surrounding the issue of abortion, regarding its legalization, accessibility, and overall admissibility. Some people are strongly against the procedure, while others claim that there are undeniable reasons why abortions should be legal. The information derived from examining the statistical data and the arguments they present allows...
Liability of an agent of undisclosed agent and recover Marchamages under restitution Akum will be personally liable if he had not disclosed the principal he was working for. When entering into an agreement with the banks where such terms as Bids ltd are used, it is assumed that they carried...
Introduction Recidivism is one of the most complex concepts pertaining to the sphere of criminal justice. It refers to the relapse of an individual into criminal behavior, predominantly after receiving a sanction or undergoing intervention for one’s previous crime. Recidivism occurrence is measured by the number of criminal acts resulting...
The Shawshank Redemption is one of the most iconic drama films in Hollywood history representing the criminal justice system and “life in prison” themes. The movie was directed by Frank Darabont and released in 1994. It stars actors such as Tim Robbins, Morgan Freeman, and Bob Gunton (“The Shawshank Redemption,”...
The First Amendment to the United States Constitution states that the Congress shall make no law abridging the freedom of speech. However, even though the freedom of speech does not directly affect national security, some argue that in times of conflict, the government should limit the freedom of speech to...
The cases of Terri Schiavo and Jahi McMath are among the most publicized instances of ethical and legal debates over the end-of-life question. Both cases have a lot in common, but the Jahi McMath case introduces several new factors that offer further insights into the ethical as well as legal...
Introduction Prostitution has become an international growing concern owing to its impact to the society and religion. Every government in the world has responded differently to this issue of prostitution with others proposing for legalization while others prefer it to be illegal. All religions in the world do not support...
The state, local, and federal transportation logistics policies have different levels of impact on the reverse and forward flow of a retailer’s products in the market. In this category are the safety, land use, environment, security, energy and climate change, trade and economics regulations, and infrastructure investment policies (Rondinelli &...
Introduction Delinquency is a growing issue in the United States, yet the picture of delinquency can be a complicated one. Although the government provides official statistics from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), there are also unofficial sources of delinquency statistics. This essay will explore the official...
Introduction to Blood Spatter Analysis Bloodstains are the most critical pieces of evidence at a crime scene. Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) might reveal crucial details during and after a crime. Blood spatter analysis allows investigators to identify what transpired at a murder scene and make educated guesses about the victim’s...
Introduction Legislative regulation of the multiple areas of human life aims to establish particular rules and limitations necessary to ensure that the rights of citizens are preserved. In particular, employment laws are a set of legislative statutes that regulate the relationships between employers and employees in the workplace setting and...
For this discussion, I have chosen the Parole Officer, who oversees offenders released from prison or sentenced to punishment. After being released from prison, most offenders report it to parole officers (Henry, 2021). Probation and parole officers must perform their duties with care, just like all other law enforcement officers,...
Introduction Effective leadership is essential to the success of an organization and the implementation of its programs. That is true of a well-executed resilience program such as homeland security, whose responsibility delicately defines the state’s security. Leadership is especially important in this challenging time for the federal with many issues...
Introduction The juvenile justice system, founded in the United States roughly a century ago, is a system in which they are set to be delinquents instead of charging children with crimes. Declaring the kid’s delinquents involves not sending the juvenile kids to jail but training schools or reformatory institutions. Although...
Introduction High rates of crimes and violent activities are becoming a dire threat to the population worldwide. With rapid population growth and challenging economic times in society, criminologists have difficulty controlling crimes leading to extensive studies on the significant causes of crimes. Crime causative factors include social seclusion, economic marginalization,...
Introduction Criminological theories, primarily behavioral and social learning, are pivotal to the policymaking process. They mainly provide insights into certain situations and provide extensive knowledge of the critical policy aspects that need significant attention. Moreover, these theories offer patterns that enhance the comprehension of society’s most efficient, effective, and beneficial...
Introduction Investigative psychology is a criminal investigative process involving psychological principles and research to analyze an offender’s behavior or pattern. Investigative psychology was developed by a social psychologist, David Canter, in the 90s by showing how psychology could help the police in their investigations (Canter, 2000). This Investigative process psychology...
Criminal profiling is the process of forming a psychological “portrait” of the offender based on the available information about the crime, such as the location, the identity of the victim, and other various features. The criminal’s identity is manifested in the peculiarities of their behavior, and the profiling process is...
Introduction Noble cause corruption is an ethical dilemma in law enforcement that justifies the abuse of police power to attain desirable outcomes or achieve ‘a greater good.’ This form of corruption stems from a teleological ethical system, which emphasizes that the consequences overweigh the means of achieving a goal. Examples...
Introduction The Russian Federation Constitution was adopted by a national referendum on 12th December 1993. The Constitution’s creation involved drafting from the constitutional conference that more than 800 participants attended. In most cases, Anatoly Sobchak, Sergei Alexeyev, and Sergey Shakhray are considered the Constitution’s initial co-authors. After its formation, it...
Abstract This work’s primary objective is to research and analyze victimless crimes, namely drug abuse and sex work, from the viewpoint of criminology. For these purposes, various criminological theories were applied to victimless crimes to explore the problem from different perspectives. The research results have shown that causations of drug...
There are different ways crime and deviance are perceived in various places and periods. The two main questions about criminal and deviant acts are what constitutes such an act and whether it should be punished. Then, there emerge other important subsequent questions about punishment or its alternatives. If punishment is...
Theory Social control is a multifaceted phenomenon that entails community structures and institutions that influence human behavior. Over the decades, different scholars carried out research studies to establish the various elements that compose the phenomenon. Other scholars focused on the ways that the components influence character. Hirschi (2017) argues that...
Introduction Labelling theory is a sociological approach to identify and distinguish individuals based on their roles. In general, this hypothesis is applied in the criminological environment and discusses the consequences of stigmatization. For instance, the theory analyzes how deviant labels, such as a ‘criminal’ or a ‘rapist’, might affect the...
Introduction Crime is a phenomenon, which presents a serious problem for all the countries in the world. Experts make constant attempts to understand the nature and reasons of it to be able to prevent it and make the communities safer. To reduce crime, it is crucial to analyze the causes,...
Definition and Meaning Every person may have prejudices during their life – both negative and positive. These biases affect how people see the world, and many of them are conscious or explicit, but many unconscious or hidden biases affect our thoughts, decisions, and actions, while individuals are not aware of...
There are diverse approaches towards the alleviation of crime, depending on the levels to which the community can choose to cooperate and the effectiveness of the law enforcement agencies. One of such approaches is the peacemaking model in criminology. The peacemaking approach towards crime alleviation contrasts itself with the conventional...
Introduction The strain theory investigates the correlation between the stressors of everyday life and the impact they may have on individuals, pushing them to commit a crime. Juvenile delinquency is a sensitive topic, and the strain theory perfectly explains the cause of crimes amongst the youngest members of society (Chen...
Hurst and Brook were two people in NewPort Beach, Orange County, California, who robbed a First National Bank. Later, the two men went to Arizona and divided the money. Hurst met his friend, Solana, in Arizona, and Brook was crossing the Mexican border. Hurst and Solana were both arrested because...
Research purpose The key purpose of this research is to provide a critical interpretation of such concepts as laytime and its application to maritime law. It is necessary to focus on the following aspects: the commencement of laytime; demurrage claims, circumstances exempting from demurrage claims. There are three most important...
Introduction The critique will start with an analysis of the research problem and purpose of the research. Thereafter, an analysis of the suitability of the method will be done as well as the reliability and validity of the article. Ethical considerations and conclusions made will also be analysed so as...
Introduction Crimes have existed for ages. Human beings have been known to be selfish and hedonistic hence wanting to satisfy their selfish interests without considering the implication of the outcome upon other people. In addition, research has pointed out that such socially unacceptable behaviour always remains consistent within the individual...
Introduction Business environment requires a sound legal system which defines the relationship that exists between different parties. According to Whincup (2006, p. 89), a business unit cannot operate in an environment that lacks a clear legal system which would help dictate the way business units should relate. This scholar says...
Outline This essay discusses criminal profiling. Here the discussion is based on the given profile of a killer. It analyzes the important advantages and limitations of the given profile from an investigator’s point of view, concerns of the investigator about a profile and value given to a profile as an...
The Life of Aileen Wuornos Wuornos, whose national identification name was Aileen Carol Pittman, was born on 29th February 1956 in Rochester, Michigan. Diana Wuornos, Aileen’s Finnish-American mother, was born in 1939 and married Leo Dale Pittman, Aileen’s English-American dad when she was fourteen years old. Leo Dale Pittman was...
Background Juvenile crimes have risen in the past years with more adolescents engaging in all types of crimes in society. It has become a major concern with the courts handling more than 60% of criminal cases, 20% of the cases having been committed by persons under the age of 18...
Introduction The criminal theory helps policymakers develop laws that will aid in creating a better society, where potential victims are protected from crimes. One category of offenses, the crimes against persons, includes a wide range of criminal activities that caused harm or death to another person either willingly or by...
Utilitarianism is one of the most significant moral theories that aim to assess actions based on their morality. As a form of consequentialism, the utilitarian approach promotes the necessity to evaluate the effects and results of decisions that can be either morally right or wrong (Duignan & West, 2020). Utilitarianism...
Introduction Slavery and servitude are the offenses attracting the attention of both UK courts and the European Court of Human Rights. As can be seen from the case, the consideration of such crimes is complicated by the ambiguity of specific legal regulations and the presumptions stemming from them. Therefore, this...
Abstract During the course of recent decades, it became a common trait among Americans to think of Puerto Rico in terms of being a crime-haven, even though America’s mass Medias and this country’s “progressive” sociologists continue to refer to this tendency as simply another proof of White Americans’ “biasness”. Yet,...
Diversion Investigator (DI) is a master position in the Office of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). Special Agent (SA) is a position in the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). The employees of these agencies are trained, supervised, clearly authorized to carry out large and small criminal cases and perform the...
There are three main branches of the US government, executive, legislative, and judicial. All three branches have their responsibilities and powers that influence each other and depend on each other. The legislative branch, namely Congress, prepares bills and laws; that’s why Congress will be the first to consider this legislation...
Introduction What is a crime? Crime is an act that does not respect the rights bestowed on a person or persons and their property. It involves the violation of their fundamental rights and can somehow endanger their lives and their property. There are various levels of crime ranging from petty...
The Problem Law enforcement officials across the country have noted that about 80% of all crime is associated with criminal gangs. Gang refers to a group of people who join together with the aim of engaging in criminal activity. All gangs use intimidation, force and fear to control neighborhoods and...
Introduction It is well known that punishment is the mostly practiced method for controlling crime and criminality. According to Black Law Dictionary, “punishment is a sanction such as a fine penalty confinement or loss of property right or privilege assessed against a person who has violated the law” (399). Punishment...
Macgregor V beatrice The facts of the case are as follows. Peter has availed himself of a room at MacGregor hotel for a period of one week. On the second night of his stay, Peter invited Beatrice to be his guest and dine at the Hotel’s restaurant. After ordering a...
Abstract This paper critically analyzes the chapter from the book by Lilly, Cullen, and Ball (2011). The primary aspect of the discussion of the chapter is the origins, development, and impact of the containment theory by Reckless, which is a part of control theory. The paper investigates and critically evaluates...
Duty of Care Related to the Determination of Negligence: The Case of Bad decision, Ontario Facts of the Case Negligence is defined as the failure to do something. It occurs when someone makes an omission of an act that an individual who is reasonable and guided by the considerations that...
Constitution A constitution is a document that contains a set of laws formulated to govern a nation or an organization. The laws are based on agreements that the members of the society consent to; it defines the members’ rights and privileges and the mode of administration (Munro 3). A constitution...
Abstract According to a study conducted by LaVallee (2009), about 1.6 million auto accidents are directly linked to cellphone texting while driving. Even though people acknowledge that texting while driving is a major cause of accidents, they are not willing to restrain from such behavior voluntarily. In a bid to...
Introduction The key purpose of this paper is to analyze and assess the main similarities between the Hobbesian and Austinian concepts of the sovereign, precisely outline the constitutive elements of John Austin’s theory, and thoroughly examine how the definition is applicable to the laws in the United States. The Thesis...
Abstract The criminalisation of aviation accidents has brought many discussions in the field of aeronautics. There have been disagreements concerning the purpose of criminalisation of a professional mistake. The aim of criminal justice is to guarantee retribution and prevention. One of the problems that come with criminalisation is the dilemma...
Political Environment With the opening of China’s operations amidst continuous reforms since 1978, the country, according to the World Bank, has moved to become the second-largest economy after the US-based on the purchasing power parity (PPP). Reforms in the political environment, as well as in the legal systems, have eased...
Introduction A sales contract is an agreement between a seller and buyer. The contract states the terms of engagement and period that a transaction took place and it is signed when a product is transferred from the seller to the buyer (Twomey, 2013) A mutual mistake of fact refers to...
Introduction This paper discusses examples of immoral laws or laws that a majority of people have supported, but which one might argue should not have been applied by ethical police officers. The focus is on higher moral principles, such as equality, autonomy, and bodily autonomy. The examples provided include segregation,...
Introduction The debate over the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) has been ongoing for several decades in the United States. The proponents of both views have strong and valid points about whether the MLDA should remain 21 or be lowered to 18 or 16. Henry Wechsler and Nelson F. Toben...
Introduction Restricting prisoners’ access to a range of unsafe or illegal goods is an obvious measure necessary to maintain discipline in prisons. However, given the inmates’ propensity for deviant behavior and breaking the rules, it is not surprising that contraband is a common problem in prisons. The proliferation of cigarettes,...
Introduction The justice system plays a crucial role in society by ensuring justice and protecting citizens’ rights. However, no system is perfect, and some problems require significant reforms. This essay will offer some practical reform ideas that can improve the justice system, including changes in protecting people with low incomes....
Introduction The phenomenon of female serial killers is a rare process that is widely used to research different aspects of criminology and psychology from the gender perspective. There are different reasons for women to commit crimes, but they can be both similar and different from males’ reasons. Female serial killers...
The Privy Court The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC) in London, England, sits at the top of the legal court hierarchy for The Bahamas (Judiciary, 2019). In all cases where an appeal is allowed, the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council functions as the final court of appeal....
Multiple social concerns impact schools by generating barriers for young people. The phenomenon highlights the vulnerability of the demographic and the importance of implementing various techniques to minimize potential risks affecting individuals in this age group. One of the concerns that require examination and confronting is juvenile crime. Juvenile crime...
Introduction The criminal justice system plays a critical role in promoting law and order. Structurally, there are three components of criminal justice: the police, the courts and the corrections. The police are mandated to protect the public, enforce the law, and arrest law violators. The courts are responsible for ensuring...
There is a vast number of legal terms, and some of them may be confusing or difficult to distinguish between. For example, while questions of law and questions of fact may sound similar, there is a difference between them. Overall, the primary characteristic of the former is that such questions...
The psychology and root causes of global crime are not yet fully explored and are at the centre of a heated debate. Some people believe that poverty incites and is to blame for the majority of casual crimes, others argue that the problem lies within deeper institutional and class inequalities....
In legal practice, there are cases where DNA traces of a suspect on various objects are used as evidence. Moreover, this aspect of forensics has gained popularity in mass culture through numerous TV series, media, and literary works. However, its efficiency may be demonstrated in various cases, one of which...
Introduction Civil liberties and rights are an essential part of democracy since they ensure equal and fair opportunities for social interaction and legal protection irrespective of race, gender, or other socioeconomic factors. The discrepancies between the founders’ ideals and the demands of democratic philosophy are visible regarding civil rights or...
One of the most reliable ways to confirm any information is statistics. With it, it is possible to verify the presence or absence of any problem and obtain specific evidence. The use of highly reputable sources also helps to ensure the high validity of the study. That is why well-known...
Men’s rea can be described as a mental element of a crime or conscious planning or intent (Dressler 23). Actus reus is the guilt act prohibited by the law (Dressler 23). Every criminal offense should have both actus reus and men’s rea as two critical components comprising the given phenomenon....
The story of Gita Proudman, a nurse who was wrongfully charged with second-degree murder of an infant, is a terrifying example of the unfair treatment nurses often get in the workplace and otherwise. A dedicated nursing professional, Proudman faced a difficult situation with an ill and deformed infant on a...
There are multiple techniques available that can be used to develop latent fingerprints from porous surfaces such as paper. One such technique is referred to as ninhydrin fuming (Eksinitkun et al. 21). Ninhydrin is a chemical that forms a purple compound when it reacts with amino acids. Before soaking into...
Introduction Robbery is an offensive and unlawful action of taking a victim’s property. It often involves violence and threats, making the activity a severe crime. The offender is usually armed with a weapon and uses it to threaten the victim. The criminal might not use the gun, but it makes...
Introduction The Nix v. Williams case established an “inevitable discovery,” an exemption to the exclusionary rule, in the United States Supreme Court. As “fruit of the poisonous tree,” most evidence gathered in violation of the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, that protects against arbitrary searches and seizures, is...
Introduction People often protect their reputation since a good reputation allows them to achieve their personal goals, whether social or financial. Various international instruments and local legislation have been formulated to protect people’s image from the public. Therefore, it is unlawful to use a person’s image, whether oral or written,...
The robbery case at 34 Carton Avenue’s Stop & Rob exhibits several elements worth investigating. The incident involves inactive strategic inquiries because the investigations take place long after the criminals leave the premises. Examining the premise, counter, cash register, the utilized tape, door handles, and the garbage bag utilized during...
Case Summary American Football League vs. National Football League, 205 F. Supp. 60 (D. Md. 1962) The American Football league, abbreviated as AFL, filed a lawsuit against the national football league (NFL) on the grounds of the Anti-Trust Act breach. The AFL sought to get injunctive relief and recover damages...
Notes The crime occurred around 9:00 PM on March 11th, 2021, was discovered and examined approximately at 9:30 PM on the same day. As presented in the pictures, the objects found are a large red-colored ashtray in the shape of a fire hydrant, containing pieces of used cigarettes and ash,...
The Delegate and Trustee types of representation are two models exercised in US politics. There are substantial differences between how these two types of representatives act. The Delegate acts as a representative who directly expresses the will of the voters and votes for bills following the wishes of the citizens...
Chapter 12 of Statistics for Criminology and Criminal Justice examines a hypothesis-testing technique called “analysis of variance” (ANOVA) that can be used when the independent variable (IV) is categorical with three or more classes and the dependent variable is continuous. It tests statistics called “F statistics” due to its F...
Abstract The given exploratory paper is devoted to the policy change regarding families and the role they play in the juvenile delinquency sphere. It outlines the central causes that might precondition the emergence of negative effects and deteriorate relations between parents and children. They are discussed from the social perspective...
Introduction Medicine like most other professionals is governed by laws that are meant to protect patients’ rights and prevent fraudulent practice. Healthcare practitioners are for example required to complete required training and obtain a practice license from a registered governing body. In the course of practice, nurses and physicians have...
Theory The theory of women’s liberations based on the paradigm of gender inequality was first developed in 1970 in the United States due to changes in gender difference in crime in the social set up. Freda Adler came up with the theory in 1975 explaining the increase in crime rate...
The universalism versus particularism debate refers to how a society implements the rules of ethics and morality. For instance, in the US, which is a universal society, regulations and contracts are developed and can be applied in any case, with the expectation of goodness defining relationships between partners. In China,...
Introduction Unlike the ordinary employees, executives tend to have the freedom to act in accordance with their wishes. Oftentimes, they misuse their authority, make poor decisions, or even engage in outright fraud. Adan Roldan and Geoffrey Palermo, the owner of a construction firm and a manager at a San Francisco...
Introduction The problem of copyright protection becomes acute in the era of the modern development of innovative technologies, the spread of the Internet and free access to intellectual labor. The problem of copyright protection is one of the priority tasks in the field of improving the legal framework of modern...
For very many years, since a precedent was set in the case of Salomon vs A Salomon & Co. LTD in 1897, it has been a fundamental tenet in the English company law that a company duly formed and registered within the law was a separate legal entity with rights...
Common law duty of care holds that, an individual is owed duty of care if he suffers any unreasonable loss or harm resulting from activities of another individual which were under his control. The person who breaches the duty of care will face legal liability to the duty-owner. He or...
Davis, T. (2001). What is sports law? Marquette sports Law Review, 11(2), 211-243. Davis (2001) tried to explore what sports law was. He acknowledges the difficulty that many people including lawyers, students and other academicians encounter in answering this question. There are three different positions taken by people concerning sports...
Introduction This is a case of an arson attack that occurred at around 11:30 pm at a semi-detached dwelling of 17 Hill Lane situated at the outskirts of a market town in a rural district. The act of arson claimed four lives of occupants. The investigators suspected Mike Golding as...
Brady v. Maryland is one of the landmark cases in criminal justice decided by the Supreme Court of the United States. The case was an appeal following the first-degree murder committed by two perpetrators, John L. Brady and Donald Boblit were both sentenced to death for first-degree murder. While the...
Introduction The profile of a crime victim is generally regarded to be a matter of statistics, while the victims themselves are people of various origins, ages, and occupations. The fact is that, when some event (even the most tragic) becomes too frequent, it becomes a matter of statistics. The same...
Sutherland and his contribution Sutherland had an approach to the definition of white-collar crime that was purely rooted in a sociological approach. It is Sutherland that first used the word white-collar crime. He viewed white-collar crime as a form of behavior towards which the attitude of the society is negative...
The law is an integral element of every society that regulates the life of people inside it. Nevertheless, although the rules were created for the safety of the humans themselves, individuals who violate them have always been found. The purpose of this essay is to study the factors that force...
Introduction Estimating the time in which a death occurred has become an important aspect of carrying out an investigation. Some deaths occur in mysterious circumstances that leave the family of the bereaved wondering how and when the death occurred. Even though they will have nothing to do to bring the...
People’s views on various concepts and phenomena undergo constant changes that are determined by the transformations in human society. The good and the bad are two aspects that have also been reconsidered many times. Crime and criminals, being a manifestation of the bad, were regarded as inherently evil and disgusting...
Introduction Law is usually understood as the structure of rules which are developed and carried out through various governmental institutions in order to regulate and bring overall harmony to the society. In the contemporary world, some people even describe the law as an art of integrity and justice since it...
According to Ronald (1990, there are basically four types of evidence; the first being anecdotal which is very weak and involves describing one specific instance or instances of the same type or structure. The weakness of this type of evidence is that, it cannot be relied on in proving a...
The culture of carrying a gun is strong in the U.S. and has deep historical and cultural roots. The majority of households have at least one firearm at their disposal. It is also relatively easy to become an owner of a weapon. Most people purchase guns in order to be...
There are many landmark cases in the United States that are still being referred to by courts today. One of those cases is the Marbury v. Madison court case. The case established that the judicial department has absolute power to review any laws passed in the country and determine whether...
Although the Miranda rights are widely known and associated with the situation of a suspect’s arrest, there are also exceptions related to circumstances when these warnings should be read. The Miranda rule is applied to individuals who are regarded as suspects and who are under interrogation (“Miranda v. Arizona (1966)”;...
There is an awful accident that happened recently in NYC with a sixteen-year-old boy Andy. It was 11:03 when he was stabbed by a stranger and was left on the sidewalk by himself with a knife in his chest. There is evidence that he was attacked because he belonged to...
Rule of law is different from obedience to laws. This means that what is legal is not necessarily moral to be obeyed. It is however the nature of laws to expect to be observed or obeyed but there are requirements before they could become as such. These laws need to...
The 1920s was an era that was known for organized crime: bootlegging, the fixing of the World Series, and corruption within police forces. Now the question is, who were the major players in these organized crimes of the 1920s and what were they involved in? What impact did these people...
Introduction The case of Curtis Clowers is one of the most outstanding among Supreme Court cases reviewed in the last two decades. Curtis Giovanni Flowers (born May 29, 1970) is an African-American man who has been on trial six times for the same crime in the state of Mississippi, United...
Introduction Perhaps few other pop culture television shows have been as iconic as Law and Order SVU (Special Victims Unit) which has been airing for more than 20 seasons in the 19 years since it has been released. Despite never receiving critical acclaim, the show retains its popularity by adapting...
After a protest which involved burning the American flag, one of the participants was convicted of a crime by a Texas law that focused on the defilement of venerated objects. In Texas v. Johnson (1989), it was determined that the act could be considered a piece of speech that was...
