2641 samples of this type
Introduction The problem of child sexual abuse has been a major problem in Australia for several years. According to Frost, Daniels, and Hudson, laws have been enacted to ensure that the offenders are subjected to appropriate punishment as a way of deterring the behavior within the community. However, reports indicate...
Introduction The enactment of the Affordable Care Act can be listed among the most discussed events related to the U.S. healthcare industry. The implementation of this act has several consequences for the population and the authorities, ranging from decreases in the number of uninsured patients to changes in the volume...
Introduction The key purpose of this paper is to analyze and assess the main similarities between the Hobbesian and Austinian concepts of the sovereign, precisely outline the constitutive elements of John Austin’s theory, and thoroughly examine how the definition is applicable to the laws in the United States. The Thesis...
Abstract Movies have been known to influence popular culture in different parts of the world. Analysts believe that the “CSI effect” is one of the fruits of popular culture. The argument presented in this paper is that the effect has significantly influenced jurors in such a way that they ask...
Introduction President Obama once remarked that the United States is the only advanced country that does not provide paid parental leave to workers. Around 70 countries ensure paternity leave and 182 nations worldwide guarantee paid maternity leave, but the United States only ensures limited and unpaid parental leave. In this...
Abstract Canada (Citizenship and Immigration) v. Harkat was a landmark case in Canada especially in regards to the era of terrorism. This case brief outlines the details of this landmark Supreme Court Ruling. Included in the brief are the details of the case, in summary, its background, accompanying facts, the...
Introduction Family law litigations have exposed the strengths and weaknesses of various judicial systems in society. Over the decades, family matters regarding business have taken surprising turns, owing to the judgments made by the court. Litigated in 1980, the Pettkus v. Becker matter is one of the interesting family law...
The problem of a victimless crime has been labeled as controversial due to the different opinions surrounding this issue. In this paper, the definition of the victimless crime, as well as my position on the crime, will be presented and discussed. Victimless Crime: Definition and Limitations A crime can be...
Summary Across centuries, different governments have been struggling to reduce the availability of illicit drugs and substances. For this reason, drug policies in the United States aimed at strengthening law enforcement agencies to combat the drug and substance abuse problem. While the government struggles to reduce the availability and use...
Definition of police authority The police authority is the power vested in police officers and the police as an institution to enforce criminal law and preserve the public peace. Policing is a mandate of states, which is supposed to ensure that the health, safety, morals, and welfare of the inhabitants...
Political Environment With the opening of China’s operations amidst continuous reforms since 1978, the country, according to the World Bank, has moved to become the second-largest economy after the US-based on the purchasing power parity (PPP). Reforms in the political environment, as well as in the legal systems, have eased...
Introduction Victimology, as defined, is a “branch of criminology that studies the relationship between an injured party and an offender by examining the causes and the nature of the consequent suffering” (Victimology, 2008). It basically focuses on identifying whether the delinquents were complete strangers, plain acquaintances, a friend or family...
Introduction The justice system plays a crucial role in society by ensuring justice and protecting citizens’ rights. However, no system is perfect, and some problems require significant reforms. This essay will offer some practical reform ideas that can improve the justice system, including changes in protecting people with low incomes....
Introduction America’s criminal justice system is constantly evolving, and one of the most contentious issues today concerns bail bonds and pretrial release. With the public increasingly concerned about the potential for injustices in the criminal justice system and the government seeking to promote efficiency and control costs, the need to...
Statement of the Issue of the Case The issue of the case is whether Samuel Winship is guilty of stealing or innocent of the deed. More narrowly, the issue is whether the respondent’s deed should be considered under the ‘preponderance of evidence’ stipulation enacted in civil courts or under the...
Introduction The England and Wales court system is one of the oldest in the world, dating back to medieval times, and has, over the centuries, evolved into a complex and layered hierarchical system. Despite its complexity, the Court is an essential administrative unit and plays a vital justice role in...
Background of Piracy in the Entertainment Industry For a long time, the entertainment business has struggled with the issue of piracy. Piracy is a term used in the media and entertainment industries to describe the illegal duplication and dissemination of works protected by intellectual property laws (Bakhramovna and Bakhramovich 1132)....
The Basis of the Court Decision The court’s ruling in Estrada v. FedEx Ground Package System, Inc. was based on how California’s labor laws and regulations were interpreted and put into practice. The issue that the court expressly addressed was whether FedEx’s drivers should have been treated as employees rather...
Introduction Dogfrey Pty Ltd is a business corporation in Australia selling consumer products, including brand-new vacuum cleaners. Richard is the organization’s salesperson who engages the eighty-three-year-old June while purchasing a new vacuum cleaner. June explains the problem she faces at home and her favorable vacuum cleaner model. Richard introduces the...
Arbitration is an Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) method that involves a third-party hearing and deciding a conflict between two parties. In contrast, litigation is a legal process of resolving disputes in a court where a judge determines the case. Arbitration is often used when parties wish to resolve their dispute...
Introduction Making laws, violating these rules, and responding to the breach of laws may be seen as the knowledge underlying crime as a social phenomenon. The primary goal of this method is to create a system that includes broad and verifiable standards and various sorts of knowledge about law, crime,...
The West Memphis Three Case and Used Evidence The documentary West Memphis explores the case of the imprisonment of three teenagers for the brutal murder of three children in 1993 Arkansas. By examining the evidence and conducting interviews with members of the family, legal experts, and professionals, the documentary explores...
Introduction The UCR is a program run by the FBI that collects and disseminates information on crimes reported to law enforcement agencies nationwide whereas the NCVS is a survey that the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) conducts to compile information on crime from the viewpoint of victims. Discussion The Summary...
Introduction Legal impossibility defense and factual impossibility defense are applied to defendants who are accused of unsuccessful attempts to break the law. Legal impossibility defense should be used when a person’s actions do not constitute an illegal act. Discussion According to some sources, it involves occasions when a defendant is...
Introduction Improving the tools and resources used by law enforcement is fundamental to ensuring public safety. When a suspect is arrested and charged, the individual’s mental state can be unpredictable, which leads to the phenomenon of post-crime offenses. This term refers to any offense that occurs after charges have been...
Introduction Law is the unique phenomenon regulating interactions within society and guaranteeing people behave within the existing legal framework. At the same time, it serves as a tool for analyzing cases of misconduct and providing punishment to individuals who violated the law. At the same time, to be fair and...
The Beltway Snipers were responsible for a string of synchronized shootings that occurred over the course of three weeks in the month of October 2002 in the states of Maryland, Virginia, and the District of Columbia. It was first thought that these shootings were connected to a white van or...
Introduction Victimology is a criminology branch focused on exploring the link between a victim and the offender by examining the causes and the extent of suffering the injured person underwent. In other words, victimology presses on whether the perpetrator was a stranger, an acquaintance, friend, or family member and the...
Roth v. United States and Miller v. California Case Summary Roth v. United States and Miller v. California cases are essential in determining what pornography is and if they can be regulated by federal government jurisdiction. In the Miller v. United States case, after leading a campaign to market the...
Introduction In today’s business, zero-hour contracts are becoming more typical. However, they have come under heavy fire as a means for companies to exert more authority over their workforce. Interestingly, some research suggests that people with zero-hour contracts are more likely to experience psychological discomfort and are less prone to...
It is possible to suggest that, when hearing the term ‘crime,’ most people imagine homicides, robberies, physical or sexual abuse, and some other examples. However, crimes are not limited to the listed unlawful deeds and sometimes can be not violent. For instance, some illegal activities can be classified as white-collar...
Case Citation: Erb Poultry, Inc. v. CEME, LLC, 20 N.E.3d 1228 (Ohio App 2 Dist. 20140) Relevant Points of Law: Rejection of goods must be within a reasonable time after their delivery or tender. It is ineffective unless the buyer seasonably notifies the seller. Revocation of acceptance must occur … before...
Introduction Tort law is a body of law that provides rules for the civil liability of people and corporations for harm caused by their activities. The tort system was developed in Europe during the late Middle Ages when it became increasingly common for merchants to travel across national borders, thus...
The Ricci v. DeStefano court matter is an example of a court case with strong public participation. The case summary is as follows: a group of African Americans could not get a promotion which they filed as racism in the workplace. Later, the group of African American firefighters received a...
Introduction People and organizations rely on their reputations to sell their products, plans, ideas, and personalities in the current business and corporate world. With the advancement in the communication sector, more marketing platforms have been created, with social media being the most used. Social media demands great proficiency in communication...
Introduction Effective leadership is essential to the success of an organization and the implementation of its programs. That is true of a well-executed resilience program such as homeland security, whose responsibility delicately defines the state’s security. Leadership is especially important in this challenging time for the federal with many issues...
The psychology and root causes of global crime are not yet fully explored and are at the centre of a heated debate. Some people believe that poverty incites and is to blame for the majority of casual crimes, others argue that the problem lies within deeper institutional and class inequalities....
Introduction The emergence of Becker’s labeling theory provided a perspective of criminology in the 1960s, different from the 1800s’ view. Becker’s theory presents significant insights on how social labeling affects crime development and deviance. This theory posits that despite several conditions and causes being promoting initial crime and deviance, the...
In many ways, modern law enforcement is experiencing an unprecedented crisis. With the attention of the general public now focused on the violations of officers and the systemic flaws of the structure itself now more then ever, the questions of what constitutes police professionalism and the ethics of modern policing....
Law could be considered as a prism through which people perceive commonly accepted social customs. It is both a guideline and a deterrence that restricts unfathomable acts against individuals. In general, people interpret the definition of law in accordance with the environment where they live or grow up. This way,...
Sex work and sex workers’ unionization are highly sensitive and controversial topics. An opinion persists that sex work should be prohibited and outlawed in various forms. This often translates into sex workers lacking agency and being endangered in their workplaces, both physically and economically. Therefore, it is crucial for sex...
The number of crimes in different territories, in particular urban and suburban, varies. However, the urban environment, in contrast to the suburban environment, is also highly heterogeneous, which explains the different levels of crime in particular areas of one large city. Thus, the increased number of crimes in the city...
The protection coverage in the United States has failed to provide adequate assistance of mental health illnesses. Deductibles, day cutoff criteria, and co-protection all show disparities in mental health and substance use disorder inclusion. Many states passed equality laws that included psychological well-being protection as a key component in an...
In the Capitalist era, the number of corporations and organizations selling numerous goods and services has risen enormously. People have access to all the kinds of items they wish and the ability to pay for the work to be done for them, such as house cleaning or babysitting. Despite all...
Introduction The act of causing physical, psychological harm, or property damage is known as a crime that is against the state law and may lead to punishment. Criminology is the study of criminal behavior with the objective of prediction, prevention, and corrective actions. Criminologists are the personnel that carries out...
Introduction Australian society is characterized by a high degree of diversity in terms of ethnic, cultural, and economic aspects. The country has a colonial past that is still associated with numerous unresolved issues and debatable topics. One of the problems haunting contemporary Australian society is the inadequate representation of indigenous...
Introduction The current expansive imprisonment policies led to the mass incarceration of criminals in the United States. Due to the criminalization of illegal drug use and possession, followed by lengthy prison sanctions, the number of incarcerated people increased dramatically, which caused a significant impact on society. The US criminal justice...
Introduction When parties enter into a legally binding agreement, they are said to have entered into a contract. One distinctive element of a contract is that it can be legally enforced and should meet the threshold requirements for prevailing law. The document stipulates the obligations and duties of all the...
Evidence-based policing (EBP) refers to a tactical approach supporting police departments in making timely and effective decisions regarding combating and detecting crime. Among the approach’s major elements is the emphasis on the scientific method (Sherman, 1998). The term refers to a knowledge discovery method based on constructing hypotheses that are...
Introduction Federal laws refer to the bills created and amended in both houses of Congress and signed by the head of state. The United States Code contains individual laws, also called acts. On the other hand, state laws are formulated and enacted in the legislative branches of each state. About...
In April 1989, five teenage boys from New York City found themselves embroiled in one of the most controversial cases of the decade. They became recognized as the Central Park Five after they were accused of raping and nearly beating to death a fleeing woman, later identified as Tricia Maili,...
Introduction The right to break the law is the fundamental philosophical problem that depicts the conflict between the individual and the existing policies. Sometimes the law prohibits clearly moral and necessary actions, which are required to make a positive change for many people. For instance, the play Antigone by Sophocles...
The Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, established in New York on June 10th, 1958 (the New York Convention), is considered the most successful treaty applied in private international law. Currently, more than one hundred and sixty nations adhere to the convention. The objective of the...
This situation is unfair, and in this case, the one who originally came up with the project is right. The fact is that it was a speech in front of a professor, respectively, a public performance with the initials of the author. This, in turn, means that this object is...
Introduction The efforts to constitutionally allow same-sex marriage started popping up in the United States as early as the 1999’s, resulting in national and state challenges. Civil unions were advocating for same-sex marriage in several states. The federal government denied same-sex couples from accessing close to 1100 federal rights, duties...
This work looks at the criminal act of shoplifting. A man stole some wine from a shop and was caught by security when he tried to leave. The cameras showed that he took a bottle of French wine and hid it in his bag. When stopped, he denied taking it...
Piercing the veil pertaining to corporate law denotes a situation in which courts dismiss the notion of limited liability and hold an organization’s shareholders and leaders personally liable for the actions or debts. Although there is a variation of the law between state legislation, there has been a generally accepted...
Introduction Trauma is often characterized by stressful events that cause one to battle challenges that may be psychological or mental. A traumatic experience involves a feeling of helplessness where one may choose to do an action that may not be justified in the criminal justice system and according to societal...
Summary People can commit crimes at any point in their life, even when they are young and have not reached legal age. At the same time, both children and adults are capable of severe actions, which can guarantee them a life sentence in prison. Kids Behind Bars is a documentary...
Introduction The issue of rights provided to the accused in the criminal justice system is an area that has many interpretations and debates. There are cases when the rights of the accused are violated at the earliest stages and later. The case of John Doe presents a valuable ground for...
Subfield of Forensic Psychology Forensic psychology is a branch of legal psychology, the study, analysis, and interpretation of psychological aspects directly related to legal proceedings. The subject of these studies is, first of all, a person. Consequently, forensic psychology acts as one of the tools for assessing the identification, development,...
Introduction Piercing the corporate veil is a rule in English and US law targeted at the regulation of corporate activity. It, however, is sometimes considered a good idea to apply the concept in criminal and civil law, for example, in cases regarding fraudulent actions on behalf of the company, its...
Introduction Everything that was considered by scientists earlier, including crime, its causes, and the criminal’s identity, ultimately pursues the goal of mastering modern criminological knowledge about crime prevention. At its core, crime prevention is a specific area of social regulation, management, and control, which has a multi-level character and pursues...
Introduction It is important to note that the concept of vicarious liability is a form of indirect or secondary liability. The format is mainly utilized when a party needs to be held financially accountable for the actions or negligence of another party. Such a legal framework is primarily applied for...
Introduction The case Riley v. California investigated by the Supreme Court in 2014 is an excellent example of the unacceptable actions of police officers in investigating crimes. They were related to receiving access to private information, which is one of the most controversial provisions in terms of suitable measures. Therefore,...
Summary The Administrative Procedure Act (APA) regulates governmental agencies’ operational processes, and how they communicate with the citizens. The APA is formalized in 5 U.S.C. §§ 551-559, and it includes the Privacy Act and the Right to Information. The APA describes “agency” narrowly and does not specifically preclude the Office...
Introduction The level of criminality in the United States is impacted by various factors such as class, gender, and racial differences. Traditionally, the female genders have had a lower likelihood of committing violence compared to men and that pattern has remained until today (Fielding-Miller et al., 2020). There has also...
Introduction India is one of the countries with the largest population in the world. As a result, the country is prone to numerous crimes that may require a strong justice system to ensure that law and order are maintained throughout the country. The country has a rich criminal justice system,...
In Canada, the Indigenous Peoples Act refers to the indigenous peoples and groups’ legal traditions, customs, and practices. Canadian indigenous law provides for certain constitutionally recognized rights to land and traditional customs. Lee Maracle’s novel Celia’s Song looks at the settler-colonial context from the standpoint of an Indigenous community. These...
Introduction The case scenario includes Steve, who is renting a property from Billy and faces the issue with the non-compliant renting conditions and negligence of the house owner. As such, this situation resulted in a leg injury because of the unfixed stairs, as well as the broken heater, which was...
Criminal justice presupposes punishments for committing offenses, which include isolation of recidivists from society. However, the more time people spend in places with minimal contact with the outside world and access to resources, the less they will be able to adapt back to normal lawful life. Many ex-prisoners struggle with...
Notes The crime occurred around 9:00 PM on March 11th, 2021, was discovered and examined approximately at 9:30 PM on the same day. As presented in the pictures, the objects found are a large red-colored ashtray in the shape of a fire hydrant, containing pieces of used cigarettes and ash,...
Informed consent is an authorized guideline, which safeguards a client’s right to recognize the possible threats, benefits, and options for an anticipated health care practice (De-Lusignan, 2008). Every patient should be consent before receiving therapy. Similarly, patients have a right to expect the doctors to abide by their wishes. Informed...
The Delegate and Trustee types of representation are two models exercised in US politics. There are substantial differences between how these two types of representatives act. The Delegate acts as a representative who directly expresses the will of the voters and votes for bills following the wishes of the citizens...
Introduction Pre-Sentence Investigation Report (PSIR) is essential since it helps analyze the legal and social background of an individual convicted of a crime before sentencing. The history of criminal behavior is also explored during the PSIR. This report involves Andrea Yates, the offender who confessed that she drowned her five...
Introduction The O.J Simpson case of 1995, which revolved around the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman, is one of the most famous cases in the history of American Justice System. While it did not cause any law alterations like some other famous cases, it was certainly the...
The Australian legal system is a distinct and unique entity that differs significantly from most of its counterparts worldwide. Though derived from English common law, it has evolved independently and eventually become sufficiently different to abandon the perception of being a copy. With that said, this uniqueness also means that...
Background Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor is a remarkable person, who played a considerable role both as the judge, and later, the first Hispanic and Latina member of the court. According to Vincenty (2021), she claims that her judicial philosophy “is simple: fidelity to the law. The task of a...
Creating a will is an important step that every person should consider taking. Besides it being a safe way to ensure one’s property and assets are taken care of, a will helps a person decide who can be the legal guardian of their children. A trust can take care of...
The actions of forensic investigators and examiners are governed by the code of ethics. Even though the rules of conduct in forensics are especially strict, some workers might still violate such prohibitions (Laporte, 2016). Considering the implications of forensic employees’ actions is essential for the consequences of their work. In...
The National Security Strategy 2010 provides definitive ideologies on what contributes to global security, national security and homeland security. Essentially, there are multiple concerns highlighted in this policy document that help in understanding the values of domestic and international relations. Notably, there are several distinctions between the three aspects of...
The universalism versus particularism debate refers to how a society implements the rules of ethics and morality. For instance, in the US, which is a universal society, regulations and contracts are developed and can be applied in any case, with the expectation of goodness defining relationships between partners. In China,...
Introduction Security involves the protection of property, persons, as well as the deterrence of crimes within society as prescribed by law. For a very long time, the issue of security has been a duty of the government towards its people through the police as the main players who provide security...
Introduction Hostage negotiation acts as a technique utilized by law enforcement officers to communicate with individuals who threaten violence. The negotiation helps in resolving the existing conflict for hostages to be safely released. Law enforcement officers obtain the proper training to learn how to handle hostage incidents. The continued occurrence...
Introduction Ethics is designed to help a person behave correctly with other people and follow the standards of morality. It can be applied at the workplace, at home, or in social structure. Ethical theories elaborate on how to improve an organization by integrating moral concepts into a situation. An ethical...
Introduction Unlike the ordinary employees, executives tend to have the freedom to act in accordance with their wishes. Oftentimes, they misuse their authority, make poor decisions, or even engage in outright fraud. Adan Roldan and Geoffrey Palermo, the owner of a construction firm and a manager at a San Francisco...
Introduction The world faces a crisis in terms of the treatment of individuals with disabilities. Although activists should certainly advocate for the fair treatment of disabled people in society, it is now much more important to focus on violence against such persons, rather than their oppression. It is apparent that...
Homeland security plays a central role in ensuring the overall safety within the United States, but it is important to understand that there are intricate factors at play in regards to the general approaches utilized by a wide range of agencies. Although there are certain limitations in the overall implementation...
Background In recent years, the resolution of individual workplace conflict has occupied an increasingly important place in policy debates and formulation due to the decline in collective industrial action and the coinciding rise in the volume of employment tribunal applications (Carducci, 2012). As employment disputes become more entrenched due to...
One of the most common ways to structure the law is to divide it into civil and criminal law. There are differences in the goals, remedies, procedures, and parties between civil and criminal cases. Regarding the goals, there is one primary difference between civil and criminal laws. Civil cases are...
The United States government comprises three branches, namely the legislative, executive, and judicial. In order to ensure that none of the branches assumes more power than the others, the framers of the constitution elaborated a system of checks and balances which would help limit and control the branches’ jurisdictions. The...
Introduction Cohen and Felson (1979) have extensively discussed criminology along with the theory of routine activity. This theory dwells a lot on the circumstance with which criminal activities occur with relativity to time, space, the category of offenders, and their targets and agree that criminal acts are considered a routine...
The term “public administration” refers to all activities undertaken by public agencies, whether internal or external. It is the responsibility of the on-site managers, who are generally free to organize their agencies’ work in ways that will facilitate the achievement of their goals. As a result, the various state and...
Introduction Private police bodies are under the control of the non-governmental entities that conduct that mandate as instructed by the government. The government may contract out police work to firms or it may be officers contracted by firms to be in charge of their companies. Company police is the mostly...
Introduction The legal framework of business is the structure by which commercial decision is made. Basic knowledge is that legal issues are important in forming a solid foundation for the study of business (Pentony, 2011). There are different aspects of business law, they include the law of agency contract law,...
Introduction Advances in criminal justice technology is one of the most important factors that assists law enforcing agencies as well as service providers to enhance safety and give critical lifesaving assistance to victims of crime. Hence, it is worth noting that embracing modern technology in the cranial justice system is...
Introduction The critique will start with an analysis of the research problem and purpose of the research. Thereafter, an analysis of the suitability of the method will be done as well as the reliability and validity of the article. Ethical considerations and conclusions made will also be analysed so as...
Introduction Homicide, which can be described as the act of a human being killing another, is a crime that is recognized all over the world. The crime is a common one since many people fall victim every day. Homicide can be of different types depending on the circumstances surrounding the...
At the beginning of the 21st century, the factor of science was successfully introduced into all aspects of the daily lives of human beings. This did not bypass the sphere of careers and work, especially the most intelligent parts such as Crime Scene Investigation (CSI). The learning from the sciential...
According to White (2005), there are various legal issues that may affect the work of faculty college members. These may include faculty employment, gender discrimination, copyright infringement, and free expression among others. White also identifies sexual harassment, sexual orientation, and possession of weapons as legal issues that affect college administrators...
Introduction The medical profession in the United Kingdom is a sensitive field because of the matters it tackles. It is therefore under strict vetting to ensure that the practitioners treat patients with the due duty of care and within the framework of the stipulated practice guidelines. In the UK, the...
Integrity is included into the list of the LEADRSHIP values, which exist to direct military servicemembers toward an appropriate conduct. Integrity can be defined as being honest and morally correct despite any difficulties or consequences that might result from following legal and moral principles (Walklate & McGarry, 2016). This definition...
Prevention of crime through social development is perceived as the most effective strategy not only in preventing crime but also in reducing crime rates since it addresses the shortcomings of traditional methods of crime prevention. CPSD theorists argue that crime is effectively eliminated if preventive measures target its root cause...
Domestic violence is a serious problem of many modern families, especially taking into consideration the fact that many victims do not report it as they are not aware of domestic violence laws. It is more important that they do not understand how these laws can help them avoid or prevent...
Introduction Forensic evidence is important in ruling on criminal court cases where an eye witness is not available. There are however, various legal constraints in determining the admissibility of forensic evidence presented before a court for prosecution. The legal constraints are based on the fourth and fifth amendment of the...
Abstract Theoretically, the authorities who have power over others are supposed to protect the rights and freedoms of their inferiors, although this is not always the case. Today there are a number of crimes that are referred to as white collar crimes and include government frauds, waste and abuse. White...
In recent years, the popularity of juvenile boot camps as a tool for correcting underage offenders has been on the rise. Juvenile boot camps are “short-term residential programs that resemble military basic training and target adjudicated juvenile offenders” (Tyler, Darville & Stalnaker, 2001). The main goal of juvenile boot camps...
Introduction In the modern democratic world, the notion of human rights and freedoms is fundamental. There is no law or regulation that allows one person to deprive another person of life. There are different forms of murders – self-defense murder, unintentional, and premeditated murder. Unintentional murders are punished with imprisonment...
Introduction Federal and states court interact with one another owing to the system of government in the country, that is; judicial federalism. The US central political authority shares power with subunits in various states both legally and politically. Tensions often arise between the latter entities and the former ones. This...
Executive Summary The travel policy that is offered by Manulife policy offers a series of benefits to the insured who buy the right policy. The clauses in this manual explain the six categories of travel insurance that this firm offers. The first one is the Emergency Medical Insurance Policy. This...
Introduction Psychology social learning theory (observational learning theory) is associated with Albert Bandura who was the discoverer of the theory (Akers & Sellers, 13). This was as a result of his research on modelling and imitation. The theory holds that behaviour can be learned at a cognitive level through observation...
Probation is a key element of the criminal justice system, where an individual is kept out of jail but imposed a certain set of rules. One should be aware that probation’s success relies on a wide range of factors, which can include the active involvement of probation officers and the...
The system of justice involves a variety of important institutions and regulations. Imprisonment is the final stage of a criminal’s deeds’ investigation and punishment. However, merely putting a person behind bars does not lead to the automatic eradication of all problems. Just punishment for those individuals who have broken the...
Acting either ethically or unethically has consequences. Businesses need to rationalize and analyze the driving force behind their decisions to ensure they can maximize profits using ethical models. Oracle Corporation and Group International are facing accusations of having used unethical means to achieve their objectives. During Microsoft’s antitrust trial, Microsoft...
Introduction This case study analysis will consider two scenarios. The first scenario argues as if there is enough evidence that, Bill who joined Peradua as their Director of Procurement in September 2009 did help Peradua to win the contract of replacing reporting system and that the Trust did not follow...
Introduction The curiosity of lawyers around law systems and the desire to compare them is not new to the researchers. Civil law, or else called the Roman law, is a name for a system of legislation that was firstly induced in Europe. The core of the civil law is compiled...
Prison riots have been a part of such institutions for a long time. They are romanticized by popular culture, and they are known to be extremely violent. There are many causes of such events as well as special patterns. Meanwhile, there is a phenomenon of Security Threat Groups. While being...
Introduction The profile of a crime victim is generally regarded to be a matter of statistics, while the victims themselves are people of various origins, ages, and occupations. The fact is that, when some event (even the most tragic) becomes too frequent, it becomes a matter of statistics. The same...
Sutherland and his contribution Sutherland had an approach to the definition of white-collar crime that was purely rooted in a sociological approach. It is Sutherland that first used the word white-collar crime. He viewed white-collar crime as a form of behavior towards which the attitude of the society is negative...
Cloward and Ohlin found some of the theories limited and flawed by examining the influence of social conditions on crime rates in different areas and social groups. Scientists agreed that poverty is a factor that increases the crime rate but also tried to explain why young offenders choose a certain...
The Constitution of the United States as the Supreme Law of the country was designed to determine the univocal point of view about all the basic realities and cases. However, it is not always easy to figure out what is prescribed by the Constitution and how to read it. The...
Abstract This is a comprehensive study that investigates on the impact of economic globalization on labour rights in developing countries. The work divides the broad topic into major subtopics to make the understanding easier. Some of the issues discussed include the general aspect of economic globalization including its benefits and...
Search Warrant A search warrant is a document which gives the authorities the right for searching a place for specific items. The permit is signed by a magistrate and should list the objects which the officers ought to look for. A warrant is based on an affidavit, a document signed...
Utilitarianism is one of the most significant moral theories that aim to assess actions based on their morality. As a form of consequentialism, the utilitarian approach promotes the necessity to evaluate the effects and results of decisions that can be either morally right or wrong (Duignan & West, 2020). Utilitarianism...
Introduction The day-to-day transactions that take place in business involve people. Additionally, the business has come out as a dominant social institution in society and as a result, it has evolved as an institution that controls significant social assets and hence wields overwhelming financial power. As a result, business institutions...
Introduction As reported by Pittsburgh radio station KDKA (2009), an 11-year-old boy Jordan Brown that is accused of murdering his father’s fiancée and her unborn son is not likely to be tried as a juvenile offender. It is natural that the boy’s attorneys are expected to appeal for letting the...
Summary Akers’ social learning theory posits that individuals develop the urge to engage in criminal activities and the techniques to execute these acts through interacting with peers or within their social circle. According to Nodeland and Morris (2018), people master new deportments, attributes and aspirations through direct encounters as well...
Although individuals detained in prisons have limited civil rights in comparison to free citizens, they retain certain rights which are protected under various national state and federal laws. However, in most countries, violation of prisoners’ rights continues to be prevalent in institutions of rehabilitation and often go undetected and unpunished...
Introduction The focus on victimization prevention will help the criminal justice system and the crime victims to reduce the number of abuses and crimes that take place in the local community. Victimization prevention is an effective tool against crime as it helps potential crime victims to adapt their behavior patterns...
Case Facts 1 On January 21, 1970, a fire broke in a furniture store, and firefighters arrived to put the flames out. The fire chief found remnants of flammable liquid containers in the building and called in the police. Having retrieved the pieces as evidence and taken some photographs of...
What is the extent to which the drug subculture influences criminal behavior? How does it achieve this influence? Nowadays one can see that in every nook and corner thousands of people are addicted to drugs. It is increasing day by day among adolescent children too. This will lead the children...
The second Amendment has provided a platform for controlling the ownership of weaponries. This has caused both support and criticism. Out of the entire population in the United States, approximately 393,347,000 people own firearms (ProCon.org). This translates to a ratio of 120.5 weapons to 100 people; the highest ratio in...
Introduction DNA fingerprinting also known as DNA testing, profiling or testing is used to identify individuals based on their DNA profiles. Although sequences of DNA are commonly found in human beings, profiling of DNA uses variable repeat sequences otherwise known as (VNTR). DNA fingerprinting is applied in some areas which...
Introduction Juvenile justice is an area of law often associated with the difficulty of adapting the justice system to the target population. Penalties for offenses committed by persons under the age of majority are discussed in the context of ethical standards and comparison with legal practices applied in criminal law...
Introduction Casinos are heavily regulated in the United States and Texas, in particular. The state prohibits the opening of such businesses and regularly challenges Native American casinos, which tend to operate at the edge of the law, legally. However, there is substantial pressure from the state’s population as well as...
Overall, the impact of antitrust laws on American industry has always been a subject of heated debate. Several economists believe that some of them, for example, the Sherman Act decrease competitiveness in the market, and protect only weak and inefficient companies (Shenefield, 2001, p 88). There are opposing views on...
Delinquency can be defined as a crime committed by a minor; in the recent few years, cases of juvenile delinquency have been on the rise, and this explains why the issue has given birth to controversy among psychologists, criminologists as well as sociologists. The issue has ignited a debatable topic...
There are many landmark cases in the United States that are still being referred to by courts today. One of those cases is the Marbury v. Madison court case. The case established that the judicial department has absolute power to review any laws passed in the country and determine whether...
Introduction American litigation is known for several landmark proceedings, which were widely covered in newspapers, television, and social networks. In the late 20th century, the People of the State of California v. Orenthal James Simpson case thundered in Los Angeles, California, which became one of the most protracted trials in...
DOD’s role in Defense Support of Civil Authorities The U.S. Department of Defense is a government agency that is the government’s executive arm and is responsible for coordinating, monitoring, and executing functions related to U.S. national security. In other words, the Department of Defense is responsible for ensuring the country’s...
There are benefits of appropriate implementation of copyright strategies to protect the authored materials against the increasing breakdown of copyright laws. For instance, the creative commons license constitutes laws, human-understandable reports, and machine-comprehensible tags. The creative commons develop rules on top of the copyright laws. Additionally, the creative commons enable...
Introduction What is a crime? Crime is an act that does not respect the rights bestowed on a person or persons and their property. It involves the violation of their fundamental rights and can somehow endanger their lives and their property. There are various levels of crime ranging from petty...
Introduction Crime among juveniles is not a new phenomenon, and the trend has been increasing in the recent past. It is noted that in the late 20th century, concern has been on the rise concerning the criminal acts that have been committed by the youths. There has been a general...
Digital rights management (DRM) is necessary to a point to keep honest people honest. However, there are places where it has gone too far and the production and distribution companies are trying for, even more, looking for a cash cow. In an industry where record companies, publishers, and other artistic...
Microsoft Corporation was sued by the Department of Justice and 21 state governments in 1998 with separate but analogous lawsuits. The main contentions of the plaintiffs against Microsoft were that it misused its monopoly status in the operating systems market to forbid competition both in the internet platform and browser...
The court of law is one of the pillars of the democratic system. It is that important part of the system from which people expect to deliver justice. This is why it is very important that the judges and other court members deliver the most justice they can. In order...
Abstract “Bill of Rights “is the first ten amendments made to the American constitution. However, the First Amendment is considered to be the most pivotal. The First Amendment to American constitution guarantees the rights to freedom of religion, speech etc. However, Supreme Court has expanded the meaning of First Amendment...
During the past decades, America witnessed a continuous increase in its crime rate. However, the cause of greater concern is that crimes committed by minors, both violent and non-violent offenses also reached exorbitant numbers as compared with the previous decades. The State Commission on Criminal Sentencing policy presented the facts...
As the waves of change are intensifying in the Information Age, the role of technology in police operations has become pivotal because it aids our law enforcement agencies to do their tasks easier and less time-consuming. Indeed, the growth of technology in policing, from crime analysis and crime mapping to...
Introduction Professional ethics is that code of conduct, which various professions have to observe primarily with themselves and the public in general. Code of ethics, which has to be observed primarily with themselves, with the public at large, with their clients and courts during the period of their profession, is...
