Virginia and Massachusetts Bay Colonies History

Introduction Virginia and the Massachusetts Bay Colonies were the two large settlements founded at the beginning of the seventieth century. Their appearance, though motivated by different ideologies and purposes, has made a significant contribution to the future of the USA. Taking into account the basic structural principles of these colonies,...

Woodrow Wilson’s “Fourteen Points”

I believe that the implementation of Woodrow Wilson’s “Fourteen Points” could have resulted in the creation of an international peace organization. In his speech, Woodrow Wilson proposed several principles and goals for maintaining peace in the world, which might have been a foundation for an intergovernmental organization such as the...

The Civil Rights Movement: Effects and Consequences

The Civil Rights Movement was one of the key turning points in American history, which ended segregation and institutional oppression of African Americans. However, the observed changes would not be possible without proper leadership and societal reconstructions. Although the movement was not able to achieve every objective it put forward,...

Effect of Industrialization on the United States

Introduction The Industrial Revolution was an era of major changes in all the life areas of many countries. Beginning in England, the industrial revolution quickly spread throughout Europe and to the United States. The best description for the notion would be a period of change, which led countries to transform...

Life in Roman Pompeii vs. Life in Contemporary England

Introduction It is interesting to realize that over the years, from the onset of civilization, the challenges that people face in life are relatively similar with few differences. The way people live has not evolved to a larger extent. The primary reason for the transition of lifestyles is hinged on...

Miami Drug Wars of the 70s and 80s

Introduction Drug use and the resulting implications for the social, economic, and political wellbeing of the people is a subject that has raised controversies for decades. Countries like the United States of America have been plagued by drug crises and the fight against drugs is far from over. Researchers and...

The US and the Soviet Union: History

In the aftermath of World War II and during the Cold War, there were two spheres of influence in Europe. Western Europe supported the capitalist principles of the USA, whereas Eastern and Central European countries sympathized with the Soviet Union seeking to have communist governments in place. This entailed significant...

Edmund Dene Morel: The Main Protagonist of the Story

The creation of the Congo Reform movement is closely related to the name of Edmund Dene Morel. Through journalistic activism, he uncovered the truth about the ruling of the Congo Free State, the regime of Leopold II (Ramsey 1). In his book, “King Leopold’s Ghost”, Adam Hochschild describes Leopold’s reign...

“The History of Development” by Gilbert Rist

Chapter 11 of the book The history of development: from western origins to global faith by Gilbert Rist provides a scope of the author’s opinions on the development of the South since the very beginning of the 1990s. The whole discussion in the chapter is dedicated to the development of...

Mesopotamia: From Sumer to Babylon

Introduction Mesopotamia is one of the greatest civilizations in world history. Most technological inventions and writing systems of contemporary society exist because of Mesopotamian contribution. The first writing system and literary work are attributed to this civilization. Throughout its history, the region was ruled by several empires, including Sumers and...

The Storming of the Bastille Analysis

The French Revolution is considered to be one of the most significant events in the history of the humanity. It is a complex event with many precursors and repercussions, some of which are still palatable to people in the present times. The event that triggered the French Revolution is the...

Lost Colony of Roanoke Island

Introduction The mystery of the disappearance of the English colonists on Roanoke Island provokes many questions even in the 21st century, and the history of the Roanoke colony is a subject for the investigation event today. The reason is that there is no single opinion regarding the causes and aspects...

Americanos: Latin America’s Struggle for Independence

Across the history of America, there was lots of dispute about whether or not the Americans may rightfully refer to themselves by this name. The process of acquiring independence in Latin America started with the concept of “popular sovereignty” which required determining who can be called “Sovereign People.” Everybody who...

Jerome Lemelson Inventions Analysis

Introduction It is hard to imagine our modern life without its usual things. Fax machines, barcodes, cordless phones, even talking thermometers, all these casual items make the world around look like we got used to. Due to Jerome Lemelson, there are so many comforts surrounding us. Lemelson is one of...

Trojan War Saga: Legend and Historical Reality

Troy is believed to be a historical city, the place where the Trojan War was fought. The city of Ilium was built on this place which many historians think was the site where Emperor Augustus ruled in his era. In the 19th century, several excavations on this site suggest that...

King Menes Historical Analysis

Introduction King Menes as a historical figure in western civilization participated immensely in Egyptian civilization. Egypt consisted of two kingdoms, which were the Upper Egypt, in addition to Lower Egypt. Lower Egypt was symbolized by a cobra, while a lotus signified Upper Egypt. The paper tries to analyze the success...

Analyzing Edmund Burke’s Speech on Reconciliation With America

Edmund Burke was known as the strongest supporter of the American colonies in the English Parliament. His March 22, 1775, speech on reconciliation with America describes his thinking on the colonial crisis. By this point, the 13 colonies were on the brink of war with England. The Intolerable Acts of...

The History and Overview of French Revolution

Overview The French revolution is perhaps the most significant event not only in the history of France but also in the whole of Europe. The revolution represents the transition to liberty and freedom for the Frenchmen. This can be traced from the fact that France had been ruled by monarchs...

Amelia Earhart as a Leader and Role Model

Early life of Amelia Amelia Mary Earhart (Amelia) was the first born child to Edwin Earhart and Amy Earhart. Amelia was born on 24th July in 1897 in Kansas City, America. Her challenges in life started right from childhood. Her father was not responsible at all, he was a great...

America’s Social, Political and Economic Events in 1950-2000

The events of the twentieth century have a lot of significance in the political social, cultural, and economic historical development in America. Each decade between 1950 to 2000 was marked by a major event that showed a big impact on cultural, economic and government policies. This paper examines the events...

Heroification: Loewen’s Term “Heroification” From ‘Lies My Teacher Told Me’

The word heroification is best described in James Loewen’s book ‘Lies My Teacher Told Me’ using various prominent examples. Loewen (1995) defines heroification as a process that is popularly agreed on by the majority to ‘tag’ a personality with heroic characteristics without the conscious knowledge of the personality’s weakness. Thus...

The Fall of the Roman Empire

Rome was not built in one day; so too, the mighty Roman Empire did not fall in a day – it covered hundreds of years. Why did Rome fall? Just like the human body is inevitably subject to growth, decay, and death it is the same with nations. History is...

American Imperialism: Negative and Positive Sides

Introduction American imperialism may be defined as the tendency by which the people who have powers or are known to be influential on people or the nations that are believed to be strong either politically or economically take advantage of the weaker nations or the people. They will always want...

“Salsa, Soul, and Spirit” by Joana Bordas Review

Despite Gerald Early providing several arguments in the first part of the essay, he leaves them without response, giving slight disproof for them. In fact, the conclusion of the essay is built on the last argument, which is “the group memory of institutionalized racism”. However, neglecting the argument does not...

French Revolution: Memories, Symbols, and Rituals

“Memory,” Michel Foucault has argued, “is actually a very important factor in the struggle… If one controls the people’s memory, one controls their dynamism… It is vital to have possession of this memory, to control it, administer it, tell it what it must contain”. History is essentially a recording of...

The Industrial Revolution and Its Effects on America

Introduction When America became independent in 1776, it was primarily an agrarian society. Farmers and artisans tilled the land and conducted business either from their homes or from small shops within their localities. People made their clothes, furniture, tools, and other products; while the skilled craftsmen made metal goods, dishes,...

Rhetorical Analysis of John F. Kennedy’s Inaugural Address

Introduction Stewarts (2004) suggested that Herbert A Wichelns influenced rhetorical studies since 1925 through his essay “The Literary Criticism of Oratory.” In this sense, oratory is considered naturally as statecraft but critics have almost always focused on “the minutiae of style and with whether a speech was “literature” (p 407)....

Civil War Memoirs of Southern Women

Introduction Civil War of 1861-1865 was known as the deadliest war in the history of the United States. After the War had ended, the slavery was abolished in the price of more than half million people. The country restored the significant role of the federal government but still the consequences...

The Origin of European Colonialism

Introduction European colonialism can be dated way back to the 15th century with the emergence of what was known as the age of discovery spearheaded by the Spanish and the Portuguese in the American exploration, Africa exploration, the Middle East, and East Asia. During this era, the European attention of...

China Cultural Revolution and the Great Leap Forward

Mao Zedong, lead the People’s Republican of India from it’s inception in 1949 until 1976. “Being a politician and military he the Chinese Communist party into victory during the china civil war.” (Terriss, 1980) During his last years in power (1966-76), Mao Zedong, the chairman of Chinese Communist Party initiated...

British Imperialism in India: Literature Review

India, one of the fastest developing countries in the world was under British rule during the period of colonialism. The impact of British imperialism on India has been studied by many scholars from many angles. Each angle gives a different perspective. Some studies show that the contribution of the British...

Book Divided by Faith by Michael Emerson Review

The book is a general attempt to shed light on the racial prejudices that exist in American society. People, through various institutions, have brought back the racial boundaries that have existed there before. As much as people are trying to fight racial prejudice that is a source of inequality in...

Russian Revolution by Vladimir Lenin

Introduction The Russian revolution occurred in 1917 and referred to the sequence of events that led to the transformation of the social nature within the Russian Empire hence the state. The Soviet Union was formed to reinstate the old Tsarist dictatorship. The Bolshevik Party, under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin...

Cold War-Era’s Influence on the World

Introduction The twentieth century witnessed several major conflicts that affected the whole world. World War I and II led to the creation and destruction of entire countries, political regimes, and alliances. The events following the end of World War II (WW2) ushered the new era which gained the name of...

Radical Reconstruction Policies: Impacts & Reactions in the South

The Reconstruction was a period in the U.S. history at the end of, and immediately after, the Civil War. Although the North won the military conflict, political and ideological differences had to be resolved. President Abraham Lincoln put forward a long-term plan to reintegrate the South states as a first...

Was the American Civil War Inevitable?

Introduction The Civil War is among the most widely studied events in American history. It had an essential role in shaping American society and securing the national identity of the United States. The Civil War began in 1861, shortly after the inauguration of Abraham Lincoln, and lasted for over four...

Natchez Tribe: History, Kinship, and Governance Structure

Introduction The Natchez is a Native American ethnic group that initially lived in the Natchez Bluffs area in the Lower Mississippi Valley, which is the present-day town of Natchez, Mississippi. They are greatly notable for being the only culture of Mississippian Native Americans that established a complex structure of chiefdom...

Society During the Early Renaissance and Nowadays

Introduction Many modern people like to think that their current progress and achievements have nothing in common with their past. They believe that their growth at this period has an immense power that did not characterize previous centuries. However, contemporary society and the society of the early Renaissance may be...

Nikita Khrushchev’s 1959 US Visit: A Cold War Diplomatic Blunder

Introduction Nikita Khrushchev, then the head of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, visited the United States on September 15, 1959, at a time when the relations between the United States and the Soviet Union were at their worst. The accidental invitation offered the Soviet leader a unique opportunity to...

Triangular Trade, Its Legs and Mechanism

Introduction The transatlantic triangular trade resulted in the forced migration of more than fifteen million people from Africa to the Western Hemisphere from the 15th century to the 19th century. In the 18th century, almost all European countries were involved in the trade. However, Britain later became a leader in...

William Goebel – a Martyr of Great Ideas

Populism in the USA As pointed out by Goodwyn, insurgent movements that occur as protests to the existing political system are rarely successful and most often can be recognized as awkward because they tend to resist the entire system that makes such movements possible (n.p.). As a result, such movements...

American Revolution in Jonathan Boucher’s View

Review From Jonathan Boucher, A View of the Causes and Consequences of the American Revolution (1775). The document provides the audience with the position of Jonathan Boucher regarding the situation in America as of 1775. Being an Anglican minister, Boucher was also known as one of the rampant loyalists who...

Civic Virtues in “The Founding Fathers” and Federalist 55 Analysis

Introduction The analysis of the civic virtues, as highlighted in “The Founding Fathers”, can be summed up using the Federalist 55 discourse. It is observed that the republican government assumed the existence of civic virtues. The founding fathers opined that political freedom presupposed a limited government. What this means is...

Vietnam Decolonization’s Impacts on the International Relations

Introduction Decolonization was an instrumental factor to major changes that took place in the place world politics, particularly the decolonization of Vietnam given the geostrategic position of the country in the Asian region. Studies show that several changes took place after the process of decolonization, but some scholars are of...

The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain (1760-1840): Key Transformations and Impacts

The Industrial Revolution of 1760-1840 was a remarkable time that changed the world picture impressively (Stearns, 2010). During this period, progress influenced the way the society lived. Before this time, the agricultural segment was dominant, however, after the revolution several countries in Europe and the United States became industrial. Before...

Role of Violence in the Civil Rights Movement: A Bottom-Up Perspective

The Civil Rights Movement in the late 1950s and 1960s brought about a pivotal change in the race dynamics of American society. The nonviolent protesters were met with violence from the Ku Klux Klan, the police, and the private citizens. The literature on the subject focuses predominantly on the struggle’s...

Freedom Ideal in “The Spartans” by Paul Cartledge

Introduction The Spartans involved a society of warriors who exercised a high level of discipline, self-sacrifice, and tolerance. The Spartans: The World of the Warrior-Heroes of Ancient Greece is a chef-d’oeuvre story authored by Paul Cartledge. The author, a prominent historian, tracks the outstanding rise and fall of the Spartan...

Ethnic and Racial Diversity in the Caribbean Region

Introduction The Caribbean, a geographical collection of the island and mainland sovereignties located in the north of South America, south of North America, and east of Central America, is rich in diversity. Arranged in beautiful islands and mainland countries, the Caribbean region is recognized globally for its colorful and vibrant...

A Historical Perspective on Communist Revolutions in East Asia

Introduction Communist movements occurred in a wide range of South-East and North-East Asian countries. Among them, there was Vietnam, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Malaya. Although the successful Communist revolutions happened only in Vietnam, China, and the Northern part of Korea. Generally, communist ideology and movements were rather strong and influential...

Christopher Columbus: The Discoveries That Changed World History

The amazing discoveries of Christopher Columbus made him one of the most well-known explorers in the history of humanity. His voyages have contributed immensely to the sociological and economic development of our society and certainly changed the course of history forever. The persona of Christopher Columbus, his travels, discoveries, and...

Why Was Princess Diana the People’s Princess?

In this contemporary world, the word hero is often used about distinguished personalities who have strived in one way or another to make the world a better place to live in. However, who is a hero? To answer this question, some may say that a hero is someone legendary or...

“A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies” by Bartolome de las Casas

“A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies” is a book written by the Spanish Dominican friar, Bartolomé de las Casas, in 1542. The short account describes the events that occurred in the Indies in the fifteenth century. It is about the mistreatment of Native Americans in colonial times...

The Attack on the Pearl Harbor

Causal chain of the events The attack on the Pearl Harbor is attributed with the United States involvement in the World War II. The devastating event that lasted for 2 hours is perceived to have created a great loss in terms of the army vessels and soldiers (Davenport 42). The...

Neo-Realist Literature: African Diaspora’s Struggles and Empowerment

Neo-realist literature represents some significant changes in the consciousness of African diaspora. The literature of this period gives a realistic portrayal of those difficulties that African people can face. It explores such themes as oppression, lack of opportunities, and injustice. The language is also important for the poets, who worked...

Women’ Role in United Arabs Emirates in the Past 20 Years

Introduction There has been a continuous change in the role of women in the United Arabs Emirates (UAE) in the past 20 years. In essence, the UAE has developed its women to the point of becoming the leading nation in women empowerment across the Arab countries. Although the UAE was...

“The War of 1812”

If you are about to write a The War of 1812 essay, you might want to check out our sample. Read our essay on The War of 1812 to get some inspiration for your writing! Causes of The War of 1812 United States and Great Britain engaged in war in...

“The Cold War: A New History” a Book by John Lewis Gaddis

In the book The Cold War: A New History, John Lewis Gaddis proposes a unique vision of the Cold War and its impact on the world and relations between the USSR and America. The book consists of seven chapters devoted to different aspects of the Cold War and relations between...

Role of Women in Modern vs. Traditional Chinese Society

The role of women in Modern Chinese Society contrasts greatly from traditional Chinese society. There are more equality and fairness, and most Chinese people back in China and abroad regard their women with respect. “Chinese women are now entitled to occupational and educational opportunities” (e How inc). It is important...

Lessons from History: The Civil War and Cold War Compared

History is a very significant subject that displays people’s attitudes and behaviors in relation to their own, as well as foreign cultures. There were several major events in American history that shaped the country in a way that has led to its present state today. The Civil War and the...

Christianity and the Fall of Rome: A Reassessment of Gibbon’s Argument

Introduction In his work Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Gibbon presents a compelling argument suggesting that Christianity played a significant role in Rome’s decline. It is defined by shifting society’s focus from disciplined warfare to a more urban lifestyle. While this perspective is valid, an alternative viewpoint contends...

Witches in History and Media: Evolution of Perceptions and Portrayals

Introduction Witches have fascinated people’s imaginations throughout history, evoking both wonder and terror. Throughout history, witches have played a mysterious role in different societies and cultures, with their tales and beliefs changing over time. From ancient civilizations to the present day, witches have had a significant influence on human history,...

Transformations in American Women’s Roles: From Pre-WWI to the Roaring Twenties

Introduction Women have faced many sorts of oppression and prejudice throughout history. The Roaring Twenties depicted remarkable shifts in career prospects and societal expectations for women during the years to and following World War I (Johnson 2). The expanded number of job options opened to women was one of the...

How Historians View the Treaty of Versailles

“On the Century of Peacemaking at the 1919 Treaty of Versailles: Looking Back to Look Ahead” Article Authors: Bharat H. Desai and Jay B. Desai Summary The authors analyze the conditions under which the Treaty of Versailles was signed and the outcomes all involved parties had to face at the...

The 19th-Century Irish Migration to the US: Causes and Impact

Introduction Migration plays a significant role in society, having effects in the past and modern times. In general, people who migrate not only inside their country but also to other nations seek better opportunities. For instance, among the well-known migrations is the 19th-century Irish migration to the United States, with...

Nelson Mandela: Leadership and Legacy in the Fight Against Apartheid

Historical Overview and Contributions of Nelson Mandela as a Leader Nelson Mandela was an anti-apartheid revolutionary, politician, and philanthropist from South Africa. He was born in the town of Mvezo in South Africa’s Eastern Cape region in 1918. Mandela began his political career in 1943 when he joined the African...

A Review of the Debate between Orpen and MacNeill on the Irish History

The relationship between Ireland and England has been controversial in Irish historiography. Two scholars who have contributed significantly to this debate are Goddard Orpen and Eoin MacNeill, whose works—”Ireland under the Normans, 1169-1333″ and “Early Medieval Ireland: A Scholarship for Politics or a Politics of Scholarship?” respectively, offer contrasting perspectives...

The “What Is History?” Book by E.H. Carr

Introduction In his book What is History? historian E.H. Carr explores the idea that history is not an accurate record of past events but rather a subjective interpretation shaped by the historian’s biases, values, and perspectives. Through his examination of the nature of history and its evaluation, Carr offers a...

Declaration of the Rights of Woman

Declaration of the Rights of Woman was the first registered document in modern history that demanded equality of rights regardless of gender. The declaration was cry of women to stop oppression from men and the tyranny of marriage as an institution. Even though the document how now immediate consequences around...

Iranian Revolution: History of Modern Iran

The year 1979 was very harsh and life-changing for the history of Iran. This event caused the fall of the country’s monarchy. It was affected by social and economic pressures, with the root cause being predominantly nationalistic. The revolution would later be known as the aftermath of civil unrest. The...

How the White Southerners Justified Slavery

White Southerners are thriving members of the society living in the Southern parts of the USA. Typical white southerners were yeomen who cultivated small portions of land and earned a living from subsistence farming. A considerable percentage of the white people living in the south owned land between fifty and...

The Invention of the Cotton Gin and Its Impact on Slavery

Introduction Eli Whitney, an American-born inventor, patented the cotton gin in 1794, revolutionizing cotton production by wildly accelerating the tiresome procedure of removing husks and seeds from cotton fiber. Like today’s massive machines, Whitney’s cotton gin used hooks to pull unrefined cotton through a tiny screen that isolated the fiber...

Alternate History of Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great remains one of the widely studied heroes of the ancient world. His conquests and territorial pursuits led to the defeat of the Persian Empire and the subsequent establishment of the Hellenistic world. Through his leadership, Alexander expanded Macedon to become one of the greatest empires of his...

Globalization and Indigenous Communities in Canada

Globalization is a complex process that has both negative and positive consequences for nations. In Canada, indigenous people feel both the austerities of environmental and cultural destruction and the potential for development. For instance, negative influences include the diffusion and elimination of languages and cultures. Positive impacts feature benefits of...

The Post-Apartheid Period Impact on Education

Introduction An education system exists to serve the interests of society. African leaders derive a delegated authority to empower learners with knowledge. However, when the school fees are high, many learners cannot pursue their studies, and the value of learning institutions to the citizens diminishes (Christie, 1985). A working environment...

Simón Bolívar, The Jamaica Letter

The selected primary source is The Jamaica Letter, written by Simón Bolívar. The document was written when he was exiled to Jamaica in 1815. The content of the letter focuses on the unification of Latin American colonies to form a republican form of government. The text makes me wonder and...

The European Realm and Its Regions

Introduction The realms are huge sections of the planet’s terrain where creatures have evolved in comparative solitude over time. Geographical factors that act as obstacles to movement, such as seas, large grasslands, or steep mountainous regions, isolate the creatures from one another. Europe’s historical sequence of progression is classic research...

Urban Slums in the 1890s in New York

Introduction America has changed a lot in the last hundred years, reaching its maximum urban development. Interestingly, until 1870 such modern metropolitan areas as Chicago and New York were small towns with a population of no more than 60 thousand people (Betz et al., 2018). With the arrival of millions...

American Family From Colonial Times to Modern Day

Introduction America’s family cultural history changed from the colonial period to the modern day to represent the prevailing values every day. Rather than being a unified unit, the family institution has been in continuous transition. Throughout America’s history, it has become clear that the only constants for families have been...

English Reformation and Its Consequences

The great Protestant Reformation took place in Europe from approximately 1517 to either 1555 with the Peace of Augsburg or 1648 with the signing of the Treaty of Westphalia. There were many movements that were sparked due to Martin Luther nailing his Ninety-five Theses to the door of the church...

The US History and Its Five Critical Moments

Introduction The American Dream is an ideal that has been a part of the nation since its founding. It is the belief that anyone, regardless of their background in life, can succeed through hard work and determination. From the end of the Civil War to the present day, the nation...

Changes in Practices of Warfare Since World War II

Reduced Number of Wars The most important and striking trend in the change in the practice of warfare in the world is that the number of armed conflicts has significantly decreased. The most famous confrontation of the twentieth century after the Second World War is the Cold War, the essence...

Different Accounts of the Assassination of Malcolm X

Firstly, in the article from The New York Times, the author selected a factual approach to the description of the tragic event. The description of two primary persons, Malcolm X, and his killer Thomas Hagan is organized in sequence including their age, social status, and race. In the article, Malcolm...

The Revolutions of 1848: Historical Overview

Beginning in Sicily and expanding to France, Germany, Italy, and the Austrian Empire. The 1848 Revolutions were a series of republican uprisings against the European monarchy. They all ultimately failed and repression, with liberals becoming increasingly disillusioned. However, this historical period involves several important events, personalities, and countries, allowing for...

History vs. Fiction of Oroonoko, Inkle and Yarico

There are many uncertainties as to what is absolute truth, exaggeration, or understatement within fiction based on stories that were told centuries ago. That is the case of Aphra Behn’s Oroonoko, a fictional work of prose recounting the elements of the life of the Oroonoko, a Coromantin prince. It is...

Great Depression: Herbert Hoover and Franklin Roosevelt

The Great Depression was a major economic downturn in American history in the 1930s, which affected the entire globe. The primary cause was the burst of the stock market bubble, which led to its crash. It took place during Herbert Hoover’s presidency, which started in 1929. During his presidency, he...

The Russian Revolution of 1917 From the Perspective of Claude Anet

The Russian Revolution of 1917, which coincided with the late stages of the devastating First World War, was one of the most notable political crises of the entire century. Although the revolutionaries succeeded in deposing the Tsar and creating a weak coalition government by March, grave economic and social problems...

The Pastoral Letter of 1837 to the Congregational Churches of Massachusetts

The Pastoral Letter of 1837 to the Congregational Churches of Massachusetts aims to speak against a movement that advocates for women’s rights and the involvement of many Christian women in abolitionist activities. The letter references Biblical evidence in order to support the agenda that women should not participate in actions...

Mysteries about President John F. Kennedy Assassination

JFK assassination is a mystery, and no one knows exactly what happened. After more than half a century of research and discussion, there are still discrepancies in peoples’ understanding of the mystery. The murder of President John Fitzgerald Kennedy 50 years ago remains unsolved; for this reason, many conspiracy theories...

Could the American Civil War Be Avoided?

The American Civil War is well known, primarily because it started because of the institution of slavery. All people in the North and South were influenced by the brutal and costly war that lasted four chaotic years (“The North and the South”). The bloody conflict of the industrial North against...

Industrial Revolution and Nationalistic Movement

Both the industrial revolution and nationalistic movements rapidly developed in the 19th century. Nevertheless, even considering all the effects of the industrial revolution on nationalism, they are different. The industrial revolution had a social impact but was mainly related to technological changes, whereas nationalistic ideology related more to economic and...

Roman Emperor: Caesar Augustus

Caesar Augustus was among Rome’s greatest rulers, leading the Republic’s development into an empire. Augustus, also named Octavian, revolutionized practically all areas of Roman society throughout his rule, restoring stability and prosperity to the Roman government. The emperor stated that he worked toward the Roman Republic’s dignity, not for selfish...

The Impact of the Cold War on European History

In the middle of the 20th century, Western Europe survived several critical transformations determined by the outcomes of the Second World War. Compared to African and Asian decolonization and the European Union’s creation, antagonism between the Soviet Union and the Western Allies was a serious issue during the post-war period,...

“The Impending Crisis” by David Potter

Contents Although professional historians have varying degrees, they believe that slavery had a crucial role in the Civil War outbreak in America. There has been debate on how the battle over slavery and wage labor permeated sectional distinctions. Still, David Potter has done more than any other historian to create...

“A Caucasus Wedding” Source Criticism

The kind of the source The source is a diplomatic cable record that describes the social and political agendas involved in organizing and celebrating a Caucasus wedding. The document is available from the WikiLeaks database and is labeled confidential. The source is written in the form of a report that...

Imperialism and Racism During the Colonial Period

Introduction Modern society is still grappling with the long-term repercussions of colonialism. In the 19th century, Western European powers such as France, England, and Germany launched a new period of imperial expansion in particular regions of Asia and Africa. Europe needed new consumer markets and raw materials in the aftermath...

Abina Mansah: The Unheard Heroine

Introduction The use of graphics in historical narration has evolved, leading to more people embracing the literature and exploring past events. Visual narration includes images and short conversations which tell a particular story or describe an event. Abina And the Important Men is a graphically illustrated book of Abina’s story...

Industrialization and Its Positive and Negative Sides

Industrialization rapidly transformed Europe from a static society based on privilege to an enlightened society. It undermined previous class structures in the continent and altered Western nations’ philosophical and economic outlooks. The second industrialization can be considered the determining series of events that boosted Western nations to great heights in...

Roosevelt: Four Freedom Address

Roosevelt is a perfect example of a democratic leader who sees and understands the population’s needs and makes everything possible to meet their requirements. He emphasizes the importance of each individual and sends the message that due to their actions and active participation in the life of the well-being of...

Mary Elizabeth Bowser: Person From the Civil War Era

Mary Elizabeth Bowser was born in Richmond, Virginia, in 1839 on the Van Lew plantation (Mary Bowser, 2018). Mary Elizabeth was born into slavery and was forced to work as soon as she was capable of doing so. When Mary was a child, the Van Lew plantation had a large...

How the US Was Able to Handle the Great Depression

The Great Depression had an enormous impact on many countries over the globe. Undoubtedly, the Great Depression became a concern for many citizens worldwide and resulted in unemployment (Le Sueur et al.). The U.S. was also exposed to this situation; indeed, its government withstood for several reasons. It is necessary...

The 1744 Lancaster Treaty and Its Effect

The relations between the Europeans and the Native Americans during the 18th century were a normal incidence both in the colonial frontiers and in English, French, and Spanish cities throughout the American continent. At the time, the northern-based Six Nations, or the Iroquois Confederacy, was one of the most powerful...

The Causes and Significance of the Cuban Missile Crisis

Introduction The Cold War is a period in world history from 1946 to 1989, characterized by the confrontation of two economic and political superpowers, the USSR and the United States. Both countries aspired to world domination and the status of the most mighty power in the world. The United States’...

Religious Influence in the Salem Witch Trials

Introduction The 1692 Salem Witch Trials are remembered as one of the most horrific mass hysteria cases in American history. A group of Salem citizens accused their neighbors of witchcraft, leading to the execution of 19 people (Laskaris 1). In 1953, American playwright Arthur Miller took Salem Witch Trials as...

British Colonialism Benefits for India

Introduction The legacy of the colonial past is evident in many areas of the India’s life. Today in this country English is the official language, which gives Indians an advantage in the international labor market. The railway, built during colonization, is the largest employer within India. Evidence of the positive...

Definition of the Greek Polis

Introduction The polis is based on the ancient form of ownership, representing the unity of the public and private principles of ownership. The polis had the right of supreme ownership of the land. Only the citizens of the policy could be the owners of the land. It was possible to...

The American Revolutionary War (1775-1783): Its Causes and Significance

Introduction The United States of America could not have become the superpower that it is without engaging in fierce battles, resisting British colonial rule, and rebelling against oppression. The Revolutionary War (1775-1783) is one of the defining moments in American history as it led to American independence through the expulsion...

Catholic Church’s Contributions in Medieval Europe

In the Medieval era, the Catholic Church was the main dominant force in religion across Europe. The church was more than just a religion as it played a significant role in determining the lives of the people who lived in this time. Its leaders ruled over many elements of the...

Ibn Munqidh’s Opinion About the Franks

Introduction The autobiography of Usamah Ibn Munqidh, a Muslim warrior and courtier, includes excerpts from his encounters with the Franks. A multidimensional view is presented through the descriptions of his various experiences with the Franks. Generally, the author’s opinion of the ethnic group was based on ideas of their ignorant...

The New Deal: Successes and Failures

It is important to note that the New Deal was comprised of regulatory changes, financial and economic reforms, public projects, and aid programs to overcome the effects of the Great Depression. There were both successes and failures of the New Deal, where the former included the Emergency Banking Act, the...

The Decline and the Fall of the Roman Empire

Many historians have analyzed the fall of the Roman Empire to determine its leading causes. Debates regarding different factors involved and contributed to the end of the Roman kingdom have also been experienced. The Roman Empire was one of the most superior territories recognized by many people. Its collapse led...

The Lessons That Can Learned From Wars

The great wars in the history of mankind teach about the importance of proper communication between nations, the impossibility to predict outcomes, and the control over the human ego. One group of individuals who do attempt to gain from history are war leaders. In spite of the fact that they...

Operation Eagle Claw: Action Plan and Significance

Introduction The United States government always does whatever it takes to rescue its citizens from the dangerous hands of terrorists. Over the past, the government has launched several rescue missions to salvage captured Americans from terrorists or any perilous groups. Although some of the operations failed, most of them were...

The Internment of Japanese Americans

The internment of Japanese Americans is the right choice, and those who are against it do not understand the current situation. Our country is leading a war with Japan, why cannot we punish those who belong to our competitors? Foreign soldiers do not have mercy on children, women, and elderly...

History of the Koreas During 1910-1945

The early twentieth century became a ground-breaking period of time for many countries, as the most influential conflicts and events occurred at the time. Japan’s aim of strengthening its political and economic rank in the world could be highlighted as one of the main reasons for its invasion of Korea...

Dunbar’s “Never Caught” Book Analysis

Never caught is a narrative of the story of Ona Judge and is based on the author’s meticulous historical research. To describe the events in the life of the heroine, Dunbar (2017) used primary sources that represent fragments of historical events. In particular, newspaper articles, including later interviews with Judge...

Tartan: The Symbol of Rebellion?

Tartan refers to the pattern of interlocking stripes that runs through the cloth vertically and horizontally. Today, tartans’ different fabrics and designs are thought to represent specific Scottish clans and families. It has a long-standing history, with the earliest known Scottish tartan dating to the fourth century AD (The Scottish...

Major Factors That Undermined U.S. Reconstruction Efforts Following the Civil War

In general, Reconstruction aimed to restore the Union, enact progressive legislation, transform Southern society, and provide civil rights to former slaves. However, regardless of positive intentions and all efforts, U.S. Reconstruction was undermined in Confederate states and may be regarded as a failure. First of all, Southern states did not...

The Kulturkampf – Political Cartoon of 1875

Introduction When Bismarck became Chancellor of Germany in the 19th century, one of his most important aims was to unite the country. To maintain that unity, he would not withstand anything that threatened it. The Catholic Centre party was at odds with Bismarck, and the stakes were high (Retallack, 2018)....

Navy Development in Ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome

Abstract This essay argues that, while the leading powers of the archaic period eventually came to acknowledge the necessity of a strong navy, each of them demonstrated a separate range of factors contributing to the process. The list of examined nations includes Egypt, Greece, and Rome in their ancient periods....

The Seven Voyages of Chinese Admiral Zheng He

Introduction Admiral Zheng He, China’s ultimate sea captain, was born and bred in the countryside in a household of glorious Muslims around 1371. When his predecessor was killed, he was taken as a prisoner, beginning the incredible journey of switching identities upon which he would embark. In the 1400s, Zheng...

The Historical Evolution of the International Community

Introduction The emergence of international community is linked to the treaty of Westphalia of 1648 which was signed following the thirty year war and which created the modern states. Westphalia treaty relegated the position of the church in the society and helped in the disintegration of established European empires and...

“The Vietnam War: An Intimate History”: Book Review

Introduction Ken Burns best known for creating a series of documentaries about the American Civil War, shot in 1990, also made a new series about the Vietnam War in 2017. This violent conflict in which America fought to ensure that the communist North did not subjugate the South of Vietnam...

The American Revolution and its Consequences

Abstract While the American Revolution gave women numerous opportunities for growth at both personal and familial levels, it did not encourage women’s participation in politics as it still denied them the right to vote. The American Revolution was necessitated by political, economic, and social developments. The Stamp Act Congress of...

Tang Empress Wu Zetian and the Pharaoh Cleopatra: Comparative Analysis

Introduction Ancient civilizations had few powerful female leaders who revolutionized the political, military, economic, and social order during their reign. Two bright examples of highly influential political figures are Tang Empress Wu Zetian (also known as Empress Wu or Wu Zhao) and the Pharaoh Cleopatra. According to Fitzgerald, Wu ruled...

Was Pancho Villa a Good or a Bad Guy?

Reflecting on the life Pancho Villa lived, it can be said that he – just like many other citizens of Mexico – was a product of a corrupt and autocratic governmental system. About 90% of the population lived in poverty under Díaz’s regime (“Pancho Villa: Robin Hood or Ruthless Terrorist?”...

The Civil Rights Movement’s Success

The Civil Rights Movement was successful in achieving its objectives. The movement’s main goal was to promote equal rights for American residents regardless of racial or ethnic affiliation. The fundamental laws, including the Civil Rights Acts, Elementary and Secondary education Act, Voting Rights Act, and Housing Act, were passed to...

The Marco Polo Bridge Incident and the Sino-Japanese War

The Marco Polo Bridge Incident was a military mishap that launched a sequence of events that ended up causing the Sino-Japanese war of 1937-1945. The Incident happened on July 7th, 1937, and by the end of the month, China and Japan were engaged in a war. Some suggest that this...

The Indian Boarding Schools System

Towards the end of the 19th century, different missionaries and religious groups began to collaborate with the government to transform the quality of education available to the Native Americans. Those in leadership believed that such citizens were uncivilized and lacked quality education that could civilize them. These ideologies led to...

Comparison of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome

It is a well-known fact that ancient Greece and Rome laid the foundation for contemporary western civilization, having developed the fundamental ideas and concepts of philosophy and political rule. Nevertheless, both countries had explicit differences in cultural characteristics regarding social life, religion, life values, architecture, and economics. Thus, this paper...

The Role of the Natives in the American Revolution

Introduction The revolution that eventually secured the independence of the British colonies proved to be one of the most critical events in the second half of the XVIII century. The indigenous tribes also took part in the revolution, although many chose to support the British Empire. This essay will provide...

Historical Figures: Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi

Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (1746-1827) was a famous Swiss educator-democrat, theorist of the popular school, who had a tremendous influence on the development of pedagogical theory and school practice in many countries of the world. He pinned his main hopes on properly organized upbringing and education of children, on the unity...

The Gold Coast: The Impact of British Imperialism

The era of colonialism and the related policy of imperialism were associated with the emergence, existence, and development of considerable empires, the main goal of which was foreign policy expansion. Among these empires, the most essential and exceptional place is occupied by the British colonial system. Thus, British imperialism manifested...

Jim Crow Laws in America Today

Introduction The US Civil War put an end to the institutions of slavery, which were preserved in the constitution of the young nation. The period of Reconstruction (1863-1877) that followed the Civil War opened up the possibility of establishing a new social system without the superiority of the white population...

Labor Conflicts From 1877 to 1894

At the end of the nineteenth century, many American industries experienced a crisis. To cope with it, the businessmen chose to pay their workers less. As a result, the workers resorted to strikes in attempts to promote fair wages demands. This essay covers three significant strikes that took place between...

“Paradigms of Conquest: History, Historiography, and Politics” by Stern

In “Paradigms of Conquest: History, Historiography, and Politics,” Stern (1992) focuses on discussing the conquest of the Latin American territories starting since 1492 from the perspectives of politics, history, and historiography. Stern (1992) claims that the year of 1492 became associated with “a powerful symbolism” related to colonization in Latin...

Texas Secession: Major Problems in Texas History

The Texas secession from the United States in 1861 was not an unforeseen political move as discontent among Texans with the Union’s direction had been continuously growing. This decision resulted in joining the group of six other states that left the Union earlier before the inauguration of Lincoln. Then Texas...

The Short Life of Évariste Galois and the Big Life of His Ideas

209 years ago, a famous mathematician Évariste Galois was born. He lived only 20 years but managed to become a classic of mathematics and one of the founders of higher algebra. His short biography is well known because it is romantic and interesting to young people. Galois was a fiery...

The Impact of the Black Plague on Europe

The Black Death or the Black Plague reached Europe in the middle of the fourteenth century. Before Europe, this dreadful pestilence had hit China, India, and Persia. The plague most likely spread via growing trade routes between East and West and later gained strength throughout Europe. Due to poor sanitary...

The North American Phalanx

A utopian community is a group of closely assembled people united by common ideals and beliefs that live together, support each other, and share work, lands, and profit. Utopian communities were a new social phenomenon that arose in America in the nineteenth century. They quickly became popular, grew, and spread...

Age of Discovery as Age of Destruction: Expansion Cost

The era of great geographic discoveries is well-known and well-remembered for the supposed progress that it provided for Europe. However, up until recently, the massive harm caused to indigenous people, who have been severely affected by the thoughtless actions and violence of colonizers, has been neglected. Although economically, expansion into...

Family Genogram: ‘Ethnicity and Family Therapy’ by Hines, P. M., & Boyd-Franklin, N.

Introduction A detailed analysis of a given family is an evidence-based practice for understanding its unique challenges and informing the best solutions. Different races in American society have encountered a wide range of issues that have dictated the goals and aims of their members. The book Ethnicity and Family Therapy...

The Sovereignty of Indian Tribes

The sovereignty of Indian Tribes in the United States has been an unsolved problem for many decades. Native Americans living on the lands of their ancestors are facing the modern world issues that in the majority of cases cause the contradictions to the traditional life they want to live and...

The United States’ National Symbols and the Anthem

Conveying universally recognizable national codes, state symbols unite society, regardless of the governing authorities or dominant ideology. All over the world, national anthems and flags have become the most meaningful and understandable means of intra-state and international communication, reflecting attitudes and perceptions of various social groups. However, today, in the...

The Cuban Revolution: Causes, Events and Leaders

Introduction The Cuban revolution revolved around Fidel Castro’s movement which was out to overthrow Fulgencio Batista. The latter was a dictator in Cuba who humiliated and exploited the citizens of this country. The Cuban revolution began with the attack of Moncada barracks in Santiago and camps in Bayamo by Cuban...

The History of Roman Empire Expansion

Rome was founded as a province in Italy but later came to have dominance over Africa and most of Eurasia. The Roman Empire was founded in 8th BC and became an established and successful dominion until it came to a fall in the 8th BC. During the period of dominance,...

Margaret Thatcher’s Political Biography

Introduction Margaret Thatcher was the first U.K woman prime minister and the longest-serving PM (three consecutive terms) in the 20th century she was in office for 11 years, from 1979 to 1990. Due to her tough character, she was given a number of nicknames including; The Iron Lady, The milk...

The Cold War: Causes and Impact on the Modern World

The rise of the Cold War A variety of factors contributed to the rise of the Cold War. These factors, ranging from ideological to economic and political, have emerged already after the end of World War II. Primarily, they touched upon the United States and the Soviet Union who were...

The Interstate Highway Act of 1956 and Its Impact on America

Overview of The Interstate Highway Act of 1956 The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 which is commonly known as the National Interstate and Defense Highways Act was enacted on June 29, 1956, when the bill was signed into law by Dwight D. Eisenhower who was then the president1. This was...

The Swahili Culture and History: Shirazi People

Introduction The Shirazi is a group of Swahili-speaking people found along the coast of East Africa. The Swahili people have been known variety of diversified traditions and some very confusing history. A lot of research has been done on these people mainly from the fact that they seem to have...