Benefits of Knowing a Foreign Language

There are numerous advantages of learning a foreign language. Essay sample is focused on social, health, and other foreign language benefits, as well as reasons to learn another language. Benefits of Learning a Foreign Language Essay Introduction Why are foreign languages in demand and popularity? Not everyone probably thinks about...

Human and Animal Language Differences

How is human language different from animal communication? Find it out with our essay sample! Learn more about the similarities and difference between human and animal language and the language development! Human and Animal Language: Essay Introduction Communication is an important aspect of human and animal life because it helps...

Competence and Performance Definitions by Chomsky

Welcome to our sample paper on competence and performance definition. Get some inspiration for your paper while learning more about competence and performance with our essay example! Competence and Performance Definition Chomsky defines ‘competence’ as “the ability of the idealized speaker – hearer to associate sounds and meanings strictly following...

Learning a Foreign Language: The Best Way

Learning a foreign language might be a challenge for multiple people, although the benefits of the process are immense. Individuals who decide to learn a second language are perplexed about strategies that can help them. In my opinion, the most effective way to learn a foreign language is to participate...

Logos, Pathos, Ethos of King’s “Letter From Birmingham Jail”

Introduction Words play an essential part in human existence since they express and influence the way people think. Martin Luther King, Jr’s Letter from Birmingham Jail represents an example of rhetoric that has a complex and intricate history, and the composition of which has a powerful legacy. The power of...

People and Culture in English-Speaking Countries

In addition to being the most widely used language in the world, English is widely spoken as a native language around the globe. The English-speaking culture is extremely influential all over the world and the English language is indeed the main tool of world communication. The English language itself can...

The Bottom-Up and Top-Down Models of Literacy

One of the most critical aspects of early childhood education is reading. From letter recognition to focusing on speech patterns, language acquisition in young children is focused on helping them comprehend how spoken sounds and written words are related to one another and cultivating reading comprehension. Reading research has been...

Speaking Skills in English Language

Definition Speaking is the art of expressing or conveying one’s feelings using language. Speaking can also be defined is a way of vocal communication aimed at engaging another person through language (Al-Sobhi & Preece, 2018). English words sound different from other languages, such as French, because the use of phonetics...

English as an International Language

It goes without saying that English may be defined as an international language, and there are multiple arguments that may support this statement. First of all, English is spoken in multiple countries around the world as a native, second, or foreign language by millions of people. It is used habitually...

Description of English Vowels and Consonants

Introduction The following paper aims at discussing the peculiarities of English sound creation. Particularly, English vowels along with their classification and basic characteristics and consonants along with their types, manner of articulation, and place of articulation will be considered. The types of vowels the paper observes are basic, mid, lax,...

Thai and English Phonetic Comparison

This paper analyzes Thai phonology and compares Thai and English. It also explores some of the features of Thailand English. Check it out if you’re looking for Thai phonology and other info. Introduction English and Thai languages are different in terms of their phonological systems. For instance, there are 21...

The Importance of Word Formation Knowledge

This essay example focuses on explaining the importance of word formation processes. You can learn more about different types of word formation and the causes of miscommunication with our word formation essay. Word formation processes and creation of meanings can occur in very many ways so teachers should learn to...

Informal Language in Newspapers

To the surprise of many students studying language styles, informal style occurs not only in informal letters and conversations but in newspapers as well. Newspapers may have numerous examples of slang, informal language, and coined words. This is especially the case for the word choice for headings, comic sections, humorous...

“Beyond the Polite Smile” by Janice Pang

In “Beyond the Polite Smile,” Janice Pang compares the Cantonese dialect of Chinese and English and her experiences with them. The essay takes a look at the author’s experience with both: one language is native to her family, while the other is the language of the public. The difference is...

When Learning Is Easy: My Experience in English

Introduction At first it seems obvious that the knowledge of a foreign language, especially English, which is extremely widespread nowadays, is essential for everyone. However, when it came to the actual process of learning, I realized that it took a great effort to study the language. Nevertheless, with the help...

The Study of Phonology

Introduction Phonology is the study of sound systems of a language. It explains how speech sounds are arranged, how they are organized and how they give meaning when used in a language. To help in the study of this speech sounds, we analyze the phonemes, which are the smallest units...

Morphological Rule in the Samoan Language

Samoan language can said to be a deleting or a separating language. It uses various supplementary morphemes in tenses and sentence constructions. For example, to denote present continuous tense – ‘olo’o is used. Although Samoan language uses the isolation rule, the morphological process of reduplication is also used to repeat...

Bilingual Programs in Early Childhood Education

Introduction Integrating bilingualism in early education enhances the learners’ abstract thinking abilities, problem-solving skills and prepares them for the increasingly globalized and diversified world. Bilingual learning is a form of teaching in which literacy and content are delivered in two or more languages. In today’s world, learning institutions are providing...

What Is Morphology?

Morphology is the study of the structure of words and their relation to other words. Since a morpheme is the smallest linguistic piece ‘with a grammatical function,’ it serves as a common unit of analysis. Morphemes have different functions, such as forming new words, changing parts of speech, or adding...

Grammy Award for Best Artist: Speech Preparation

Ladies and gentlemen, First of all, I should say that it is a great honor for me to be here today and present the Grammy award for the best new artist of the year. Since 1959, when the first ceremony was held, the Grammy Award has aimed to recognize major...

Linguistic Competence and Performance

Linguistic competence is the ability of a person to speak and understand the language in a manner which is correct grammatically and lexically. The linguistic competence of a person consists of his or her ability to speak a certain language so that others should understand him or her, and at...

Environmental and Cultural Impacts on Language Development

Introduction A stimulating and enriching environment and culture provide children with opportunities and support the development of effective language skills. Child development is a dynamic and interactive process through which young ones encounter and experience events, resulting in the progressive acquisition of a wide array of competencies. Various theorists have...

Language Acquisition and Learning Methods

A language is a form of communication conveyed by using words, gestures, writing, and symbols. Language acquisition is the process during which individuals gain the ability to utilize and make sense of certain language elements. Second language acquisition refers to the process of learning or acquiring another language after one...

Sociolinguistic Concepts: Speech Community

The existing different categories used by sociologists to study society include; economic characteristics, class, regional characteristics, and ethnicity. Sociology defines a community as a dimension of shared possessions, knowledge, and behaviors. Linguists however use another dimension of social organization by using speech community to refer to the community. Sociolinguists, therefore,...

The History of Translation Through the 20th Century

Introduction Tracing the course of the development of the translation theories during the 20th century, it would be relevant to suggest regarding theoretical perspectives of translation to certain linguistic theories which represent different approaches to the translation of this particular period. Such translation theories might be listed as follows: Walter...

Chapters 2-5 of “Psycholinguistics” by Thomas Scovel

Chapter 2 In this chapter, Thomas Scovel discusses the way in which children acquire their mother tongue. At first, the author notes that crying can be viewed as the precursor of language and speech (Scovel 8). As a rule, it is a response to the discomfort that infants can experience....

Mother Tongue by Amy Tan: Critical Analysis

It is fair to say that the opinion about people is often based on the way they use language. In the essay Mother Tongue, Amy Tan (2006) reflects on different aspects related to intelligence and the use of language varieties. Referring to her own experience, the author describes how her...

“The Elements of Language Curriculum” by J. Brown

Introduction In his book “The Elements of Language Curriculum,” Brown addresses the teaching methodology and approaches used in it to teach language and indicates that although numerous strategies exist that are supposed to regularize teachers’ experience when teaching, the actual process is often either more holistic or more chaotic. Brown...

English and Spanish: A Comparative Linguistic Analysis

Introduction English and Spanish are both European languages that are widely utilized all over the world. It is a well-known fact that English is a language of international commerce and diplomacy, while Spanish currently occupies second place in popularity worldwide. Yet, despite having many cognate words, linguistically, they belong to...

Personal and Formal Writing: Letters Analysis

A Letter to a Friend Hi, Paul! I’m sorry I haven’t been writing for a while, but I was really up to my neck in work. But what happened today made me so upset that I just need someone to see me through this crisis. I know you’ll have some...

Vowels in the English Language

Vowels in the English language are classified on basis of their sound in pronunciation. A vowel in the English language can be defined as a letter in the alphabet whose sound in speech is with an open mouth without constriction of the vocal tract to cause pressure whatsoever. Commonly, these...

Hindi and English Comparison: Syntax Terms

Use of English and Hindi Prepositions Unlike Hindi, where a postposition is used, the English language is more likely to apply to prepositions. For instance, in the English language, this part of speech is placed before the identified noun whereas Hindi postposition is put after the noun or pronoun. In...

The Origins of Language

Introduction The secrets of language origin attract many scholars and linguists who want to reveal the truth and prove their own points of view. As a result, there emerged numerous theories providing a disputable ground for the research. The roots of human speech could not be still brought to one...

Speech and Open Letters: Genre Analysis

GENRES Explain how the style of the writing influences the ideas Pick ONE passage from each GENRE; copy the passage below and explain why it is effective. Use MLA citation style to document the passages. Compose 2-3 sentences about your issue/topic in the style of each genre. Compose a paragraph...

Language Acquisition: Biological, Environmental, and Interactionist Views

Introduction Language constitutes an essential part of human development and is one of the most critical aspects of human ability that sets us apart from animals. Linguists and psychologists have long debated the origins of human language acquisition, hence, have presented a range of explanations. Although biological, environmental, and interactionist...

Comparison of Verbal and Nonverbal Communication

Communication is an instrumental tool which facilitates effective interaction among individuals. Although it is vital in improving interpersonal relationships, most people take it for granted and fail to enhance their communication skills. It can be either verbal or nonverbal, and the type used to exchange information or ideas is influenced...

The Status of English as an International Language

English as a Global Language English is gaining recognition as a global language and it is being studied more whether this language should be a global language (Nadkarni, n.d.). For more than half of the century, people who migrated from different parts of the Indian subcontinent have added lots of...

How Language Affects People and Society

Introduction Language influence how people grow up and have a crucial role in shaping the human brain structure. There is evidence that the first language profoundly influences how a human will function: for example, on the perception of color, space, and time. Languages have social and cultural influences, shaping one’s...

Convincing Techniques of “The Danger of a Single Story” Speech

Scholars have discussed the mechanics of persuasion since ancient times. Persuasion encompasses all aspects of culture, with rhetoric being the most important instrument of influence in all spheres of society, from secular negotiations to major national debates. One might say that every form of communication is persuasion. Written or spoken,...

Children’s Language Development and Role of Adults

A language is a communication tool in a specific group that includes verbal, non-verbal, and visual applications (Fellowes, 2019a). The language could be introduced in written, spoken, or graphic forms. According to Robins (n.d), the language functions to communicate, express identity, play, and imagination, and reveal emotions. The fact that...

Tone in “I Hear America Singing” by Walt Whitman

Introduction Walt Whitman is a free verse innovator and reformer of American poetry, whose primary ideas are people’s closeness to nature and kinship of a person with all people and all phenomena of the world. Moreover, he gained fame as the first nationwide poet in the United States since an...

“Mother Tongue” by Amy Tan: Overview and Analysis

In the article Mother Tongue, Amy Tan, a daughter of Chinese immigrants brought up in America, describes the importance of the mother tongue in her life. The definition of “mother tongue” relates to the language of the country of her origin, as well as the tongue her mother speaks. The...

Language Death Process Causes and Factors

Introduction Language is one of the important tools and communication methods that human beings deserve to embrace over the past decade and still do. In the modern society, different strategies to promote the language creativity and active interactions have been a success. As much as people tend to cope with...

How the Tagalog Language Reflects the Cultural Values

The Philippines is a hospitable country where several cultures are intertwined. For a long time, it was occupied by Spain, then during the Second World War, American troops placed their military bases here. The foreign invasion has affected modern culture, but not so much as to significantly change it. The...

How Language Transformed Humanity

The Language Theory provides broad explanatory value for why and how language is used the way it is and moves beyond simplified judgments and binary explanations. For example, scientists study how language is acquired, which brain processes are involved when it is used, language phonetics and morphology, syntax, and semantics....

Three Views of Grammar

The textbook identifies three views of grammar – traditional grammar, structural linguistics, and transformational grammar. Standard grammar refers to a set of prescriptive rules and concepts about the structure of language. This type of grammar has its roots in the principles formulated by the scholars of ancient Greece and Rome....

Ambiguity and Irony in “The Story of an Hour”

Chopin (1894) uses ambiguity and irony in “The story of an hour” to highlight the devastating effect of social standards and the necessity to scarify personal happiness to fit the image created by society. The author’s attempt to deride the widespread belief that marriage is a synonym to joy is...

Conversion in the Modern English Language

There is a widely held opinion among many linguists that conversion is one of the most productive ways of word formation in the modern English language. It should be mentioned that other languages, such as for instance French, German, or Russian, usually give preference to the derivational processes, such as...

Politeness Strategy in Complaint and Response Letters

Complaint Letter John Black, CEO of High Nile Hotels, 11/1/2013 Dear Sir, Mice in the Hotel I would appreciate it if you would help me with this situation. Your waiter Helen Harris served us at your restaurant on 5 January 11, 2013, and we did not have a very pleasant...

The Variations of the Spanish Language in Ecuador

A Brief Historical Review Ecuador was subjugated by the Spaniards in 1534, after conquering the Incas in the modern territory of Peru. The resistance of the native population in the region was suppressed by Sebastian de Benalcazar’s army. During that period, the Spaniards founded the largest cities of Ecuador, including...

The Evolution of the English Language

The evolution of language is a frequent phenomenon in the modern world and implies a process of its change. Every language changes all the time, but people who are not involved in linguistics tend to notice only small details, such as the appearance and rapid distribution of individual words. The...

The Palawan Batak or Babuyan Among Ancient Languages

Every language represents a culture and the speakers’ unique perspective of viewing the world. From this standpoint, the mother tongue defines who the people are, just like their hair color or personal identity. In this case, the local tongue is regarded as a way to easily understand individuals’ backgrounds and...

Effective Techniques of Pronunciation Teaching

Minimal Pair Pronunciation techniques assist students to overcome problems associated with pronunciation. Pronunciation teaching is necessary since English teaching has shifted to language function and communicative competencies. A minimal pair is an important pronunciation teaching technique where two words that have different meanings are paired when only one sound is...

Challenges in Teaching English as a Foreign Language

Introduction Teaching English as a foreign language remains one of the most rewarding careers in the education sector. Tutors must identify the emerging needs of every learner in order to deliver appropriate instructions. It is also agreeable that the teaching process can be demanding since there are certain problems that...

Sociolinguistics Principles and Patterns

The principle of sociolinguistics It is possible to distinguish several important principles that underlie sociolinguistics. First, one should mention the premise according to which many changes within the language can be attributed to “socially relevant forces and facts” (Spolsky, 1998, p. 4). For instance, they can be attributed to various...

American English as a Reflection of American Culture

Language is a fundamental part of a human culture. It is so ubiquitous that we seem to rarely mention it or give it proper credit. Naturally, something that is used so often will inevitably affect its users and at the same time will be affected by them. Hence the ever-changing,...

Gender Differences in Using the English Language

Introduction During the last several decades, much attention has been paid to the differences between men and women. The discussion of gender differences touches upon various fields of life, and language is not an exception. McCormick said about the differences between how men and women listen and how their brains...

Grammar and the Language Teaching

Personal Statement about Grammar Grammar is an aspect of studying English that causes much debate and disagreement, both in policies of teaching and in the description of the subject on the whole. Historically, there have been several approaches to viewing, studying, and teaching grammar, each of which has made a...

Discussion: Second Language Acquisition

Second-language acquisition (SLA) is the process through which a person learns the elements of a new language, such as vocabulary, phonological components, grammatical structures, and writing systems, after having learned a first language. Rod Ellis comments on language pedagogy, teacher education, and second language acquisition (Ellis, 2010). He argues if...

Parts of Speech Misused in English Sentences

It is a well-known fact that every word in the English language belongs to a certain grammatical category. However, it is sometimes not enough to define whether the word is a noun, a verb, or an adjective. There is a number of different properties that should be considered. Thus, every...

Universal Babbling in Language Acquisition

Babbling is a period of childhood development and a condition of vocabulary acquisition in which a toddler attempts to explore with articulating sounds but cannot yet create identifiable phrases. Moreover, Morgan and Wren (2018) described babbling as a phase of pre-linguistic speech advancement characterized by repeating consonant-vowel sounds. When babies...

Linguistics: Is There a ‘Superior’ Language?

Most linguists today would argue that all languages are equal without any reference to superior or inferior (or primitive) languages. In making this claim, they are typically careful to point out that they are referring to the ‘mother tongue’ of a given individual, the native language of the speaker. Because...

Metaphors in King’s “I Have a Dream” Speech

Literary devices play a crucial role in the public speeches of political leaders. In addition to the fact that the metaphor makes speech more expressive, it allows to explain complex political phenomena through more familiar realities to the addressee. Moreover, metaphor is the most effective tool for manipulating public consciousness...

The Comparative Analysis of the Translation Theories

Introduction To carry out the comparative and contrastive analysis of the development course of translation theory during the period of the second half of the 20th century, it would be relevant to suggest regarding two theoretical perspectives of translation theories which represent different approaches to translation of this particular period...

Standard English: Privilege or Discimination?

Introduction The debate concerning the use of a standard form of English has been a heated one for several decades, especially amongst linguistic and partly the general public. One of the most central issues characterizing the debate is the use of Standard English in education and more specifically whether it...

Language Acquisition Concept and Theories

Introduction One of the most important topics in cognitive studies is language acquisition. A number of theories have attempted to explore the different conceptualization of language as a fundamental uniqueness that separates humans from other animals and non-living things (Pinker& Bloom, 1990). Similarly, Pinker (1994) recognizes language as a vehicle...

“The Rule of Metaphor” Book by Paul Ricouer

Basic Knowledge Paul Ricoeur is one of the most distinguished linguists and philosophers of modernity. His book on the evolution of the understanding of metaphors, titled The Rule of Metaphor, observes its evolution from antiquity to modern times. Ricoeur postulates that metaphors brought about the ending of old rhetoric and...

Learning English as a Second Language by Arabic Speakers

Introduction The national and linguistic isolation of a person is practically impossible due to the accelerating processes of globalization. Genetically different languages, such as, for example, English and Arabic, are attracted by the fundamental differences in their structure, which increases the interest in the identities between them. This study examines...

Language and Its Impact on Identity Formation

Language may be regarded as the basic tool for communication and shaping of identity of individuals and the society. Thus, language plays a major role not only in societal development. Moreover, certain languages may have relatively longer explanations in their expression, while others are precise and straight to the point....

The Importance of Writing: Peril by Toni Morrison

Morrison believes that writers’ works are an essential necessity for the world, because they help to raise public awareness about certain topics and realities. While in many countries authorities try to make people blind to those issues, writers have the power to create “meaning in the face of chaos”, bringing...

Thai Students Mistakes Make in English

Introduction Thai language is very different from English and, hence, Thai students often have various problems when reading, writing and speaking English. There are issues with pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary. It is necessary to note that Thai students tend to speak with a distinct accent and use grammar of their...

Language Differences’ Effect on Students’ Performance

Dissimilarities in languages have positive and negative sides associated with them. Using the same linguistics on students positively impacts academic achievement compared to diverse forms. Language barriers form a challenge for many students performing in classwork. Linguistic obstructions in learning make the student feel rejected and not fit into the...

The Distribution of Word Pairs in the English Language

The present paper aims at explaining the distribution of word pairs in the English language based on different types of similarities they may have. Every word in every language has three different aspects that do not depend on each other. These three aspects are pronunciation or phonetics, spelling or graphical...

Children’s Language Development: The Role of Transcripts

I hope you are doing well. I have chosen 24-month-old child transcript and I counted that there are 74 morphemes out of 74 utterances. The MLU figure which the division of 74 to 72 is 1.02 which drives the conclusion that the child needs evaluation as for his age the...

Types of Listening

Listening is fundamental to effective communication, and the way people listen in every situation needs a different approach. One might be trying to develop a relationship, learn something new, make a logical evaluation or discriminate. Therefore, one needs to be able to focus, receive and comprehend to listen. There are...

Pronunciation Teaching: Key Aspects

Introduction Pronunciation is one of the difficult facets of language in which to attain native competence teachers must find ways to assist learners overcome some of the most challenging aspects of pronunciation. Teachers must accord pronunciation teaching keen attention in classrooms as it contributes towards learner proficiency. The advancement in...

Pico Iyer’s “In Praise of the Humble Comma”

Pico Iyer in his essay draws the attention of the audience to the importance of punctuation in our life, to the value of commas, in particular. To create the audience’s motivation for the study of the article, the author explains the role of a comma in our life that is...

Children Language Acquisition.

Introduction Language in all its aspects is one of the most significant topics of study in linguistics. Scholars of this science dedicate their lives to exploring the emergence, development and modern stage of existence of the language. It can be explained by the fact that language is one of the...

The Influence of French on the English Language: A Historical and Linguistic Analysis

Introduction The English language has been shaped by numerous influences throughout its history, with French being one of the most significant. French has had a profound impact on the phonology, morphology, syntax, and lexis of the English language, leading to the creation of a unique hybrid language distinct from its...

Literary Devices in Martin Luther King’s “I Have a Dream”

Literary devices are an important instrument to be used in a variety of speeches as a powerful tool for illustrating one’s emotions and portraying different events. A famous spokesperson, Martin Luther King, used an array of literary allusions in his speech, “I have a dream,” which resonated deeply within the...

Phonetic Analysis of the New Orleans Dialects

Introduction Although the New Orleans dialectic group belongs to the vast family of North American accents, it has its own unique character. The New Orleans dialect represents a whole group of dialects, individual features of which are completely different from nearby regional ways of pronunciation. The dialect situation in New...

Relationship Between Korean Culture and Language

Introduction There are many cultures and languages ​​in the world, which can have similar words and their meanings or are radically different in all aspects. Scientists usually associate these similarities and differences with countries’ geographical locations and cultures and their historical development, uniting languages ​​into families and groups. These features...

“The Perils of Indifference” Speech Analysis

Introduction The Perils of Indifference is one of the most influential speeches made by Nobel laureate Elie Weisel. The speech was given on the 22nd of April in 1999 during the Millennium Lecture Series occurring at the White House. Eliezer Weisel was directly invited by the president to give a...

English Is a Crazy Language

Language is one of the most important and most ancient phenomena of human culture. People’s words in everyday life form a fascinating and peculiar world with its secrets and mysteries. Speaking in detail about the English language, it occupies a unique position in its completeness and strength. Today more than...

Language Situations in Foreign Language Education

Introduction The components of a socio-communicative system serving a particular language community are in certain relationships with each other. Functional relations between the elements of a social and communicative system at one stage or another of the existence of a given language community form a linguistic situation characteristic of this...

Analyzing Body Language

Speeches by Dr. Martin Luther King and Alicia Garza share the same message. Each speaker’s speech revolves around the rights of African Americans, their deprivation, discrimination, and structural and national racism. Dr. King speaks slowly, more figuratively, mentioning various states where the problem is serious – Georgia, Mississippi, Alabama. Alicia...

How Does Language Influence Our World?

Language is humanity’s district feature, a basis for the majority of human activities. People learn, work, entertain and express themselves, and cooperate using various languages existing in the world. Aside from those functions, a language also preserves a respective culture and its relevant meanings. They can be benign, malevolent, neutral,...

Linguistics and Modes of Communication

There are several modes of communication in linguistics, including written and spoken words. Each of these modes has a potential list of advantages and disadvantages. In this particular case, one of the quick and easy solutions would be to just call a friend using the telephone. If the subject matter...

The Relationship Between Identity and Language

Native language is often taken for granted as something that people use intuitively. However, the native language has a critical role in building one’s identity (Norton, 2019). Therefore, the not only are identity and language directly connected, but the relationships between the two are based on the cause-and-effect principle. Since...

Test of English as a Foreign Language

Summary The Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) is the world’s most extensively used test for study, work, and immigration. The exam’s aim is to determine the English competence of persons whose first language is different from English. The test scores are generally utilized in analyzing overseas learners’...

Analysis of Oral Language Aspects

Introduction Oral language is one of the fundamental parts of human development. This aspect is the basis for the formation of reading and writing skills that young children will develop at further stages of development. Having a well-formed foundation in oral speech will also help develop communication, as well as...

Improving the Oral Communication Skills in Classroom

Discussions are used in the classroom for many reasons: discussions increase student interest and participation, help get feedback from teachers, facilitate good lecture preparation, and improve student skills. There are many benefits to having class discussions during class (Vetter et al., 2020). Classroom discussions are a common pedagogical approach that...

English Literacy Autoethnography

Introduction Second language acquisition is a challenging and complex process both for the teachers and learners. There are many teaching methods and approaches that can be used in teaching English to various groups of students. They often depend on the specific country’s approach to teaching foreign languages and the goals...

Dysphemism in Political Discourse Examples

In his inauguration speech, Donald Trump vowed to fight “radical Islamic terrorism” (Hizbullah and Al Makmun). This type of labeling offends the Muslim population. President Trump assigned a certain religion to terrorists. Terrorism should be considered separate from religion. President Trump often discussed his “America First” ideology with foreign representatives...

Low English Proficiency and International Students’ Academic Success

There is an opinion that the biggest challenge that international students experience in UK universities is low English proficiency. I entirely agree with this argument because a lack of mastery in the English language prevents foreign students from gaining as much benefit from their studies as possible. Although some people...

“Why We Hate Waiting”: Creating the Basis for the Essay

Writing an essay can be challenging when an individual meets a writing block. However, there are several writing techniques such as freewriting, responding to the text, brainstorming, or journaling that help to deal with this problem. This paper aims to utilize freewriting and responding to the text techniques to create...

Communicative Activities for English as an Additional Language

Introduction The book “Communicative Activities for EAP” by Jenni Guse and Scott Thornbury is an English book meant for EAP teachers of both ESL and EFL that encompasses the framework for the four macro skills; speaking, listening, reading and writing. The writer chose the four resource model developed by Freebody...

The Effects of Being Bilingual on Adults

Introduction Bilingualism is an important skill in the modern world, where different cultures constantly interact with one another. However, society appears to assume that age plays an influential role in the process of acquiring a second language (L2), with children receiving more attention as bilinguals. Ortega (2019) proposes that there...

Learning English as a Second Language

For students who study a second language, there may be many different difficulties. This may be due to the fact that knowledge of the first language can interfere with the educational process. Thus, education providers should clearly understand these barriers and skillfully find ways to limit them. The main aspects...

The Structure of Relative Clauses in Serbo-Croatian

Introduction The Structure and Acquisition of Relative Clauses in Serbo-Croatian, written by Helen Goodluck and Danijela Stojanović and conducted at the University of Ottawa, is a study that examines the syntactic structure and acquisition of relative clauses (RCs) in Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language. The research aims to thoroughly describe...

Learning a New Language: Importance for Career Development

Learning a foreign language can be a significant driver towards getting better job opportunities. Remarkably, 35% of the people responsible for hiring stated that multilingual employees make human resource managers extend a job offer, grant interviews, recommend promotion, and increase remuneration (Hulett). Many organizations are increasingly seeking bilingual workers, as...

Importance of Language Games for Child Early Development

The role of language games in infants’ language development during their early years is significant. This became apparent in the 1980s due to the research conducted by Bruner, who studied and was able to demonstrate and prove the social nature of language learning (Grazzani & Brockmeier, 2019). Since then, this...

The Importance of Phonemic Awareness

Phonemic Awareness Phonemic awareness (PA) is considered an essential skill and an important step towards literacy in the children’s early development stages. First of all, a research by Milankov et al. (2021) showed that there was a direct correlation between the kids’ ability to read and the level of PA....

Are Printed Dictionaries Becoming Obsolete?

Lexicographer James A. H. Murray, the fin-de-siècle-editor of the Oxford English Dictionary, introduced the concept of the modern dictionary that have been in use from Victorian era to the present day. Thus, the very idea and shape of the printed dictionary have not changed much for more than a hundred...

Mutual Intelligibility of Classical and Moroccan Arabic

Introduction Amid a flux of languages around the world, there is one common characteristic; that is communication. While there is an ever-increasing need for people to interact, language has become an integral part of facilitating the same through sign, speech, or written form. As such, Arabic is one of the...

Principles of Language Assessment – Speaking Exam

Assessment Design In this assessment, students will choose a topic and have a conversation about the chosen topic for six minutes in pairs. Students will choose from the following topics: art, childhood, food, hobbies. It will be a summative assessment of the students’ knowledge of the four topics they learned...

Writing for Entertainment Shows: Pros and Cons

One should be aware that writing with the purpose of entertainment instead of informing has several advantages and disadvantages. The major benefit of such an approach is the presence of an opportunity to introduce humor and comedy. By having an additional objective of making people laugh, an author receives more...

Tense by Bernard Comrie

The desire, to represent the exact time of occurrence of an event, is the reason why most scholars spend time in studying tense. It is quite easy to represent an event accurately at the time of occurrence, but as time passes, it then becomes difficult to give an exact representation...

Classroom English Language Test

Introduction The modern globalized economy is characterized by high levels of worker mobility. Individuals are traveling far from home to improve their living conditions and find better jobs. English is considered to be the most popular and widespread language in the world due to its historical popularity and relative simplicity...

Chinese Kinship Term, Its Complexity, and Structure

Introduction Kinship terminology is a system applied in many world languages in reference to people one is related to. The Chinese kinship terminology is widely studied owing to its complexity. Through continued analysis, many editions have been developed by scholars over the last two thousand years. Despite the keen interest...

Debate on Language Acquisition: Innate vs. Learned Experiences

Introduction The debate of whether language is acquired through learning or due to innate biological factors has been a topic of discussion in psychology and linguistics for centuries. While some argue that language is an innate skill, others contend that it is learned through experiences. As for me, a child...

Preserving Endangered Languages

When another language dies, we lose a piece of our shared legacy, the ethnosphere. All people on Earth live in the ethnosphere, which is “a sum of total of all thoughts and dreams, myths, ideas, inspirations, intuitions brought into being by the human imagination since the dawn of consciousness” (Davis,...

Rhetorical Analysis of Steve Jobs Commencement Speech

In his commencement speech presented to the Stanford graduates of 2005, Steve Jobs provides the audience with parallels regarding the college setting and his own education and career path. Rhetorically, the speech is structured in a way that persuades the viewer to respect and trust. Steve Jobs. He is able...

Language Wars: Descriptive and Prescriptive Grammar

Language is a subtle and multifaceted thing, which many specialists are studying. Grammar can be studied in many different ways. One can distinguish two types of grammar: descriptive and prescriptive. While descriptive grammar describes how the language is used, prescriptive grammar defines how the language should be used by native...

Translating Emirati Proverbs: Problems and Solutions

Abstract Proverbs are one of the most interesting fields of study when it comes to examining languages because of the characteristics they hold when it comes to their musical quality and aesthetic sounds they create in each language. This paper focuses on different Emirati proverbs and the assortment of techniques...

Language and Child’s Cognitive Development

Language development significantly contributes to a child’s overall development as it helps one think, speak, write, express thoughts, and understand. Primarily, language creates the foundation for all kinds of communication. A delay in language development may result in frustration and miscommunication (Otto 46). Therefore, parents should pay special attention to...

Norm- and Criterion-Referenced Assessments for Bilingual Students

Norm-referenced and criterion-referenced tests are the types of assessments of students’ knowledge. However, they are not equally applicable to everyone, and specific factors should, therefore, be considered. For example, in the case of bilingual students, they provide for varying results due to the difference in their cultural and linguistic background...

How Language Reflects Culture and the World Wide View

The relationship between abstract notions thought, and language as a means of expressing thoughts and notions are complex. Language and culture “can be seen as a way to describe and represent human experience and understanding of the world and members of a language community share systems of beliefs and assumptions...

Thai Students’ Issues in Learning English

Learning a foreign language can pose serious problems for learners. Thailand students are facing this challenge, especially when they go to study in foreign countries. Challenges like pronunciation make it difficult for them to speak and understand English words. With these challenges, English learners prefer a foreigner to teach them...

Weasel Words’ Definition and Usage

Introduction In his novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, George Orwell used term doublespeak referring to a proclamation that contained two or more ideas with opposite meanings. The aim of doublespeak was to make people believe in something without any real evidence to the truthfulness of the information. Nowadays, companies and advertisers all...

Linguistics: Contrast of English and Chinese

Language variations between speakers of two different languages have existed for quite a long time. The variations between Chinese and English are seen in their expressions of politeness, formality, solidarity, and discourse, and genre type often cause misunderstanding between the communicating parties. For example, when a native English speaker says...

James Baldwin’s Idea that Language Is a Key to Identity

A person’s identity seems to be found in several elements, such as sex, religion, and culture. Of all these language play a significant in delineate a unique nature of a person. In most cases, language occurs in various spoken, written, and unwritten forms. Regardless of their unique characters, language not...

Pineman’s Processibility Theory in Linguistics

Second language learners are individuals who are learning a new language after they have already learned one or more languages. Pineman’s Processibility theory (PPT) holds that a second language learner’s proficiency in a language is determined by their ability to process its individual units (phonemes, morphemes, and lexemes) (Dalamu, 2018)....

What Are the Benefits of Being Bilingual?

While in the last century, bilingualism was considered, for the most part, a hindrance to language learning, nowadays, it is more of an advantage. There are different approaches to who is considered a bilingual, but the prevailing view is that two language systems are always active in a bilingual. The...

British vs. American English Differences

Historically, the English language was assimilated, reworked, and modified by the Native American peoples colonized by the English. The migrations had the most critical linguistic effect because species isolation occurred in addition to the mixing of languages and the formation of new ones. This continuity has set a phenomenal precedent...

Elements of “CPR Demonstration Speech” by Myles Odermann

Demonstration of skills, knowledge, or techniques is a section of public speaking in which persuasiveness, credibility, and effectiveness are paramount. A demonstration should be organized so that the audience can gain new knowledge and subsequently apply it. The speaker’s task is to effectively convey the material and accompany the audience...

Comparing and Contrasting American English, Spanish, and Arabic

Introduction English is deservedly considered one of the most widespread languages globally because hundreds of millions of people from different countries speak it. This state of affairs contributes to the fact that numerous individuals learn this language to connect with an international community. When it comes to English language teachers...

Nine Misconceptions About Language

Language is a subject not exempt from misconceptions, some of which are pervasive even among students studying linguistics. In an attempt to alleviate the situation, in the chapter “Nine Ideas About Language,” Harvey A. Daniels (1985) closely investigates nine such misconceptions, relying on compelling arguments and their rather extensive analysis....

Language Continuum in Arabic Multiglossia

The article analyzes the Arabic language’s ‘multiglossia’ since different varieties of the Arabic language exist in the language community, which are used depending on circumstances. The author suggests applying Badawi’s five levels of Contemporary Egyptian Arabic when analyzing the linguistic situation in Egypt. These levels consider sociolinguistic aspects of using...

Can Adults Reach Same Level of Proficiency as Children

Introduction The acquisition of L2 is a process that is complex as many individuals may not achieve proficiency as expected. An individual’s ability to achieve proficiency in pronunciation of an L2 is influenced by a complexity of factors besides the age factor, such as; socioeconomic status, gender, amount of exposure...

Improving Teaching through Reflection

Introduction Teachers’ responsibilities involve making multiple decisions while attempting to promote student learning. The choices belong to three broader categories: implementing, planning, and assessing (Hidayati, 2018). In the adult coaching mechanisms, significant learning experiences involve reassessing, critical self-reflection, and an individual’s self-orientation to action. When the above issues are given...

Writing: Personal Hobby Analysis

Human beings have a tendency to pursue specific hobbies that match their expectations and achievements in life. Writing is one of such pastimes and it allows individuals to think critically and improve their analytical skills. Hall identifies it as the basis upon which a person’s intellect, academic success, and organizational...

Greta Thunberg Speech with Loaded Language

A correct speech in the right place and at the right time can change the course of history. The phrase “I have a dream,” is now something more significant than a regular sentence. There is also a place in history for those speeches that failed and considerably lowered their speaker’s...

Linguistic Politeness: Brown and Levinson’s Theory

Introduction Numerous studies of the 20th century in the field of linguistic politeness play an important role in modern pragmatic works that touch on this topic and raise issues of verbal communication. As a basis for many ideas and hypotheses, Brown and Levinson’s theory is used as a valid background....

Curriculum Design and Innovation in Language Teaching

Introduction The present paper refers to the practical and theoretical implications of curriculum design and change; the proper regard is given to the historically formed traditions in language teaching, the most valuable innovations of the 20th century in both traditional MLT and more modern ELT. The ideas of Connelly (1988)...

Colour-Coding in Teaching Grammar in EFL Classroom

Introduction Communication and sharing information are now seen as the foundation of the development of humanity as well as the primary way for any person to succeed in their life. Therefore, foreign language learning is deeply integrated into the educational system of almost any country. English has become one of...

Teaching Literature for ESL Students

Topic Teaching literature in a language course to ESL students has been a topic of a lasting debate. Some researchers argue that, even though there can be certain hazards in the use of literature, it helps students to expand their linguistic knowledge and be exposed to cultural peculiarities of people...

Impact of Simple Words

Introduction There is no such a thing as a simple word. Severally, misunderstandings have occurred among people as a result of their word diction and argument context. While many people believe that bombastic words make an argument or passing information complex, simple words cause more confusion and impair messages more...

The Evolution of the Word “Park”: From Enclosed Hunting Grounds to Urban Retreats

Introduction The word “park” has one of the wealthiest evolution stories in the English language due to the numerous specific changes introduced to fancy the development of the language. According to Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries (n.d.), a “park” is “an area of public land in a town or a city where...

Advantages of Cooperative Language Learning (CLL) in Teaching English

Introduction There are many evidence-based and effective methods of teaching English in educational institutions for several reasons that enhance learning. To achieve effective learning outcomes and develop the necessary skills in students, it is necessary to consider their characteristics as best as possible. Cooperative language learning (CLL) can be a...

The Word “Bitch” in the Modern World

Introduction The word “bitch” in the modern world can be used in several ways, for example, traditionally as an insult or as a joke appeal among friends. This word has a long history of use in a negative context against women, but the peculiarities of its meaning were changing. Even...

The Language Role in Leaders’ Communication

Language is one of the mightiest and most influential tools of leadership. Leaders use the power of speech and language to affect their followers, explain ideas and beliefs, and gradually change the world. Many famous leaders struggled for justice and the well-being of their people: among others were Nelson Mandela,...

L2 Classroom as an Example of a Community of Practice

A community of practice is a term that refers to a group of people with common interests who share a certain activity. An L2 classroom can be organized by a specific community of people who migrated into a new country for their fellow newcomers who might struggle with learning a...

Linguistic Development: Skinner’s and Chomsky’s Views

Skinner proposed a linguistic development theory referred to as operant conditioning. He believed this involves giving children rewards when they use language practically. For instance, if a child learns the word “drink” and pronounces it correctly when thirsty, their parent or guardian should provide them with something to drink. This...

Poetry, Indigenous Identity, and Post-Colonial Influence

History proves that storytelling is an efficient method of preserving, transmitting, and disseminating language and culture. The older generations teach the young ones their native history, traditions, and rituals by telling myths and actual events of their nation’s past. According to Justice, “they give shape, substance, and purpose to our...

Mastery of Language as a Reflection of Person’s Mental Abilities

The notion that people who have lived in a country for some time and still struggle with the language do not understand the realities of this country is not new. The idea that the inability to speak the language fluently handicaps an individual in all spheres of life is deeply...

Language Development: The Main Theories

Several factors influence the process of language acquisition in infants. The speech development stage in babies tends to vary from one child to another, making them have different abilities. Majorly various scholars have connected the steps with both biological and environmental factors. Generally, children are born with genetically programmed linguistic...

Teaching English as an International Language

Come up with a definition of Standard English. What are some of the complexities inherent in defining this concept? Standard English is a variety of English, which is recognized as acceptable with respect to spelling, grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary anywhere the language is spoken. It can be described as the...