2584 samples of this type
Case Name Ontario Public Service Employees Union v. Art Gallery of Ontario, 2011 CanLII 25215 (ON LRB) Date of Decision May 05, 2011. Adjudicator(s) Patrick Kelly, Vice-Chair, and Board Members P. LeMay and S. McManus. Facts Issues Decision The Board of the Court, with the head in Patrick Kelly, consistently...
Case Summary American Football League vs. National Football League, 205 F. Supp. 60 (D. Md. 1962) The American Football league, abbreviated as AFL, filed a lawsuit against the national football league (NFL) on the grounds of the Anti-Trust Act breach. The AFL sought to get injunctive relief and recover damages...
Ahmad, Sk Ehtesham Uddin. “Colonial Reshaping of Criminal Law Before the Code of 1860.” Proceedings of the Indian History Congress 73 (2012): 553-62. The article by Ahmad focuses on assessing the criminal law in India from the 17th to the 19th centuries under the British Crown. Particular attention is paid...
A jury is a group of people who, during the trial, recognizes specific facts as established and makes a decision on the guilt of the defendant. The procedure for selecting a jury is called voir dire (“to tell the truth”). The selection is random and is usually carried out according...
Definition and Meaning Every person may have prejudices during their life – both negative and positive. These biases affect how people see the world, and many of them are conscious or explicit, but many unconscious or hidden biases affect our thoughts, decisions, and actions, while individuals are not aware of...
Birds are interesting creatures to watch and learn about. They have charming and colorful looks; have special adaptations, with a variety of food resources and unique habitats. Most birds are known to live on trees, but quite a number also stay in or around water bodies, in caves, mountain tops,...
Summary The construction of confidence intervals refers to the development of value ranges estimated to contain the valid population parameter. Each sample has its descriptive statistics, such as the mean or proportion. The scholars set the level of confidence based on their assessment of the relative costs of a loss...
Theory The theory of women’s liberations based on the paradigm of gender inequality was first developed in 1970 in the United States due to changes in gender difference in crime in the social set up. Freda Adler came up with the theory in 1975 explaining the increase in crime rate...
Legal behavior refers to actions and decisions that conform to the general laws or regulations prescribed by the government, while ethical conduct aligns with a person’s beliefs and values. Thus, the former delineates the minimum threshold of demeanor expected of everyone for the maintenance of social order, whereas the latter...
Introduction Edward Gein was born in August 1906 to a drunkard father and a bitter mother who from a tender age instilled in her sons the notion that the world and women, in particular, were full of evil. Ed and his brother Henry were daily subjected to horrific stories from...
Wirecard is a global provider of risk management and electronic payment services. The Wirecard ethical case involved the arrest of the company’s former CEO, who embezzled more than two billion dollars from the German company (Beerbaum 10). After the indignity was exposed to the public, the organization’s shares suddenly fell,...
Introduction Labor laws in the United States are aimed at protecting the rights of employees and employers. They prohibit discrimination and harassment based on factors such as age, ethnicity, and gender. There are procedures that should be followed when discharging an employee, and this depends on whether they are employed...
One of the most common ways to structure the law is to divide it into civil and criminal law. There are differences in the goals, remedies, procedures, and parties between civil and criminal cases. Regarding the goals, there is one primary difference between civil and criminal laws. Civil cases are...
Crime significantly impacts the standard of life across the world. A case study of the United States reveals that crime has grown into a very expensive venture. There are myriads of social costs incurred by both individuals and government agencies in combating crime. Before the onset of the last decade,...
Introduction Flying aircraft is one of the most important roles in the aviation industry. This is because air transportation is associated with high safety risks. In this regard, pilots must have advanced skills and competency to execute their functions effectively. In the last three decades, several safety standards have been...
Introduction Conflict is an indispensable part of human life on different levels, including individual and interpersonal. Conflicts are often associated with power-related issues and tension, which is specifically apparent in multicultural societies such as the USA (Jordan, 2017). Conflicts between authorities and communities are quite common in all countries, and...
The term “public administration” refers to all activities undertaken by public agencies, whether internal or external. It is the responsibility of the on-site managers, who are generally free to organize their agencies’ work in ways that will facilitate the achievement of their goals. As a result, the various state and...
Summary Juvenile courts have been in existence for many years handling cases that involve children under the age of 18 who are convicted of committing various crimes. The courts remain vital in addressing errant children; thus, there is a need for making the judicial system better so that it continues...
Introduction Common law in England and other English speaking nations like Canada and Brunei constitute the foundations of civil conflicts resolutions. The nations where common law is applicable are principally those that were British colonies. One can trace the origin of common law from three courts in UK: King’s Bench,...
Loving vs. Virginia 388 U.S. 1 (1967) – a historic decision of the U.S. Supreme Court establishing freedom of interracial marriage. All members of the court unanimously supported the decision. Despite the supreme court’s decision, the old law was still in effect in several states, even though the ruling made...
At the beginning of the 21st century, the factor of science was successfully introduced into all aspects of the daily lives of human beings. This did not bypass the sphere of careers and work, especially the most intelligent parts such as Crime Scene Investigation (CSI). The learning from the sciential...
Introduction Honig versus Doe case was a milestone case argued in California courts during the year 1987 and decided in the year 1988. After the final court ruling, the rights of the mentally challenged students regarding school disciplinary actions were enhanced. Throughout the 1970s, several disabilities related laws were presented...
The Definition of Rape Researchers stress that the prevalence of rape culture leads to the increasing rate of this type of sexual assault worldwide. There have been several definitions of rape throughout the centuries. The word originates from the Latin word rapere, which means “to take by force” (as cited...
Employers are normally responsible for the misconduct of their employees at the workplace, and the case of Diaz v. Carcamo is yet another evidence of such liability. The reason for the incident was a car accident involving a third party who initiated the lawsuit. The essay will analyze the legal...
Crime should not be taken to refer to some obvious act of commission or omission. Normally, the mention of the word crime brings to mind the image of some deranged character or some fanatical fundamentalist group(s) out to cause some social, political and economic havoc by way of stealing, killing,...
Increased sexual offences is an issue that increasingly raises concerns across many spheres of the society form law enforcement to parents, schools, the government, scholars and many others. This paper looks into this issue in an attempt to answer questions pertaining to the law on sex offenders, their rehabilitation, recidivism...
Integrity is included into the list of the LEADRSHIP values, which exist to direct military servicemembers toward an appropriate conduct. Integrity can be defined as being honest and morally correct despite any difficulties or consequences that might result from following legal and moral principles (Walklate & McGarry, 2016). This definition...
Domestic violence is a serious problem of many modern families, especially taking into consideration the fact that many victims do not report it as they are not aware of domestic violence laws. It is more important that they do not understand how these laws can help them avoid or prevent...
Introduction The labor market is one of the aspects of macroeconomics that governments use to ensure growth in the economy of a country. It is essential in the creation of revenue for the country as well as providing a means to earn an income for the population. As such, governments...
Introduction A tort is referred to as a civil wrong committed against any individual rather than the society or the tort (Bermingham and Brennan, 2008). The tortuous liability usually arises when a breach of duty is primarily fixed by the law takes occurs. The main aim of tort law is...
Reasons why the unprofessional conduct occur and what need to be done A prosecutor is a person who represents a state in criminal cases in courts of law. He or she is responsible for executing a criminal who has broken a law (Miller, Hess & Orthmann, 2013). Ethical behavior refers...
Introduction In the current business world, the pace at which changes are taking place is so high that it will take only masters of the game to survive. Masters of the game are only those businesses that will make the most appropriate decisions in relation to the prevailing business conditions....
Treatment delivery is a multifactorial process, as it includes monitoring, evaluation, intervention, and prevention over the long term. An insurance plan’s choice combines financial and non-material parts, as the optimal package must correspond to the economic and medical benefits. Four coverage plans were analyzed, taking into account performance reports, which...
Outline Dangerous offenders are defined by most laws as those that inflict pain and harm to the victims during or after assaulting them sexually. The laws have gone through several amendments to ensure that the community is protected from such dangerous criminals. Apart from the determinate sentences that are given...
Corporate crime covers a very wide range of lawbreaking activities that include violations of accounting such as false statements of corporate assets and profits, occupational safety and health hazards; unfair labor practices, misleading packaging of products, environmental violations as well as illegal domestic political contribution among others. Recognition of corporate...
Introduction In 2018, after the shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, the state authorities decided to introduce new requirements stated in a law that aims to protect school safety (Ochoa, 2018). Some schools, referring to the new law accepted by the state, decided to ask for...
Outline This essay discusses criminal profiling. Here the discussion is based on the given profile of a killer. It analyzes the important advantages and limitations of the given profile from an investigator’s point of view, concerns of the investigator about a profile and value given to a profile as an...
It has become a rather normal phenomenon to hear cases of rape, robbery, arson, vehicle theft, etc in the neighborhood. American neighborhoods have become breeding grounds for professional robbers, serial rapists, burglars, etc. Despite large budgetary allocations by the government on the fight against crime, the rate of crime is...
The Life of Aileen Wuornos Wuornos, whose national identification name was Aileen Carol Pittman, was born on 29th February 1956 in Rochester, Michigan. Diana Wuornos, Aileen’s Finnish-American mother, was born in 1939 and married Leo Dale Pittman, Aileen’s English-American dad when she was fourteen years old. Leo Dale Pittman was...
The “American Dream” Contribution to the Frequency of Deviance Deviance is a criminal offense that entails violating the norms of society. Deviants ought to be present in any society as long as some rules and regulations have been put in place to be followed. This is because not all people...
Introduction The legislative arm of government in any country enacts the laws of the land. However, it is the courts that decide how those laws are to be applied. This essay will discuss the role of the different participants in a court. Specifically, it will address the duties and responsibilities...
Introduction The employee Giovanna has been harassing another worker Carole during the job process. The former regularly makes belittling and derogatory comments in front of their workgroup. The actions made by Giovanna are leading to Carole’s chronic stress and are taking a significant toll on her mental health. As a...
Liverpool and Manchester Contrasted Introduction Crime has always been one of the most serious issues that the human society has ever faced. During the centuries of its history, the mankind has been trying to eliminate and fight crime, but the research results by various scholars prove that the outcome of...
Law 1: Fair Labor Standards Act The Fair Labor Standards Act gives direction on how much employers should pay employees as per the number of hours they have worked. It is important to note that there are different pay rates for different jobs due to the requirements needed (Pozgar, 2019)....
Due process is a fundamental and absolute right of an American citizen, which ensures that the state must adhere to the law and take into account individual liberties. It is mentioned twice in the Constitution in the Fifth Amendment and the Fourteenth Amendment. The former states: “no person shall… be...
Omission to act should not be considered as a criminal act, because a person should not be forced to put himself or herself in harm’s way. It is important to note that there are some cases where such an act should be criminalized, such as Kentucky law on reporting child...
Introduction The book How Democratic is the American Constitution? by Robert A. Dahl is a provocative examination of the American constitution. The book challenges the notions that most Americans hold regarding the sacred nature of the U.S. Constitution and its role as the foundation of Democracy. However, the circumstances under...
Introduction The modern practice of law is a culmination of rituals that have been in existence for a long time and has evolved through the years to cooperate with other rituals from foreign lands. Trial procedures are uniform all over the land. Trials are of many types. They could be...
Introduction The United States Constitution provides protection of civilians from irrelevant searches and seizures of individuals and premises. Such protection is provided specifically by the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments of the Constitution. In fire incidents, investigations are needed to ensure that a potential recurrence of the fire is prevented, to...
This paper will look at one of Sanyika Shakur’s first violent crimes and attempt to explain them using the modeling theory and the social disorganization theory. The subject was born Kody Dejohn Scott on November 12, 1963, and received the street moniker “Monster” after stomping an elderly black man for...
People’s views on various concepts and phenomena undergo constant changes that are determined by the transformations in human society. The good and the bad are two aspects that have also been reconsidered many times. Crime and criminals, being a manifestation of the bad, were regarded as inherently evil and disgusting...
No crimes should go unpunished regardless of the age or intensity of the crime. Punishing of crimes sets an example to other citizens and helps those committing the crime reform, hence, minimizing the rate of crime in many countries. However, juvenile offences are given much consideration, as whether the accused...
Diversion Investigator (DI) is a master position in the Office of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). Special Agent (SA) is a position in the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). The employees of these agencies are trained, supervised, clearly authorized to carry out large and small criminal cases and perform the...
The moral dilemma that has been described in this case study can be resolved by means of deontological ethics. In particular, one can apply the theory, developed by Immanuel Kant. According to this approach, a person, who has to choose between two alternatives, must act out of inner duty and...
Introduction Law enforcement fatalities have increased over the years leading to public dissatisfaction with the police service. Mental health issues in the police service have also been on the rise resulting in conditions, such as depression and suicide. Therefore, the police department has to improve the wellness and safety of...
Introduction To begin with, it should be stated that the forensic psychology is the junction of psychology and justice system, consequently, all the conclusions on the matters of the policies and principles for the City of Boston will be based on the understanding of criminal law within the principles of...
One of the principal challenges in the work of a lawyer is the need to find a balance between the interests of the affected persons and society as a whole. It defines the necessity to estimate the role and scope of responsibility of these professionals to determine ethical considerations applicable...
Menachem Amir Menachem Amir is best known for his controversial and sensational study of rape. He collected huge data from the police achieves and reported that out of the total number of rape committed about 19% was induced or provoked by the victim herself and the victim participated in the...
Introduction Although different types of crime have distinct causes, biological theories explain the foundation of most antisocial behaviors. Criminalities constitute deviant behaviors that violate the prevailing standards or norms and are punishable by the state or other authorities. Criminologists have identified various antecedents to crime and classified them into biological,...
Abstract The current paper attempts to examine the theories which establish a correlation between juvenile delinquency and the family. Many studies have been conducted and there is still theorizing about how an inadequate family structure leads to delinquency. On the other hand, the literature agrees that juvenile delinquency is highly...
Role of Information in criminal investigation When conducting a crime, perpetrators can leave signals that represent valuable information being left behind. This can include eyewitness descriptions, murder weapons, fingerprints, and others. However, Investigators cannot make conclusions based on one type of evidence, so gathering all kinds of information is essential....
Introduction The success of an organization is largely dependent on forces external to it and operating in a global external environment. For the effective implementation of managerial functions, it is necessary to understand the effect of these forces. Organizations have to adapt to changes in the environment and accordingly adjust...
Introduction Though it may seem that justice proceedings have to be conducted in person, it is possible to make several unexpected changes. Because of COVID-19, some non-urgent court hearings were temporarily postponed to reduce the burden on the judiciary. However, since there is no clear end of the crisis in...
Viatical settlements allow people with a life expectancy of two or fewer years to sell their life insurance policy for a value higher than the policy’s current face value but less than its death benefit. It is primarily used by people with terminal illnesses to cater to their healthcare expenses,...
The Work for the Dole policy program is an effectively compulsory measure to receive the JobSeeker Payment and satisfy the mutual obligation requirement for the unemployed. Regarding the Work for the Dole program, I am arguing that it should not be obligatory as the non-voluntary nature results in negative outcomes...
In human understanding, justice and law mean respect for rights and, therefore, is the result of progressive evolution. Justice is a concept of moral rightness based on ethics, rationality, natural law, religion, fairness and objectivity, and punishing violations of relevant social norms. The laws of the ancient peoples like Maya...
Introduction American litigation is known for several landmark proceedings, which were widely covered in newspapers, television, and social networks. In the late 20th century, the People of the State of California v. Orenthal James Simpson case thundered in Los Angeles, California, which became one of the most protracted trials in...
Reasons for IPR violations in software development Many people engage in Intellectual Property Regulation violations for different reasons. One main reason that standout is ignorance. Most organizations are unable to cope with the upward trend in technology and are lagging. However, they have to keep profitability and survival rates high....
Introduction What is a crime? Crime is an act that does not respect the rights bestowed on a person or persons and their property. It involves the violation of their fundamental rights and can somehow endanger their lives and their property. There are various levels of crime ranging from petty...
There is an awful accident that happened recently in NYC with a sixteen-year-old boy Andy. It was 11:03 when he was stabbed by a stranger and was left on the sidewalk by himself with a knife in his chest. There is evidence that he was attacked because he belonged to...
Abstract Juvenile delinquency has been an issue of major concern not only to Americans but also to other societies. A number of studies have been carried out to examine the reasons that drive young people to engage in delinquent and criminal behaviors. This paper aims to discuss the historical, contemporary,...
The court of law is one of the pillars of the democratic system. It is that important part of the system from which people expect to deliver justice. This is why it is very important that the judges and other court members deliver the most justice they can. In order...
Introduction Scenario Based Planning is the widely used technique in the sphere of business planning and management. Originally, this tool was invented for military organizations, and now it is also extensively used by Criminal Justice and Security organizations. This technique is of great importance for police officers and criminal justice...
Discrimination Employers are prohibited from discriminating against persons aged 40 years and over in hiring, discharge, compensation terms, conditions and privileges of employment {the age discrimination of employment} It is unnecessary to impose certain age limits for certain profession if evidence shows the ability to perform certain job significantly. Thus...
Macgregor V beatrice The facts of the case are as follows. Peter has availed himself of a room at MacGregor hotel for a period of one week. On the second night of his stay, Peter invited Beatrice to be his guest and dine at the Hotel’s restaurant. After ordering a...
Introduction Professional ethics is that code of conduct, which various professions have to observe primarily with themselves and the public in general. Code of ethics, which has to be observed primarily with themselves, with the public at large, with their clients and courts during the period of their profession, is...
Introduction The case of Curtis Clowers is one of the most outstanding among Supreme Court cases reviewed in the last two decades. Curtis Giovanni Flowers (born May 29, 1970) is an African-American man who has been on trial six times for the same crime in the state of Mississippi, United...
Abstract This paper critically analyzes the chapter from the book by Lilly, Cullen, and Ball (2011). The primary aspect of the discussion of the chapter is the origins, development, and impact of the containment theory by Reckless, which is a part of control theory. The paper investigates and critically evaluates...
Rationale Florida Medicaid reform was introduced to improve the overall value of the Medicaid delivery system with the primary goal of adapting it to the needs of the local population. The existing system was costly, inefficient, and unable to meet the requirements of people living in the state (“Florida Medicaid...
Introduction It is a human ethical duty to report unlawful activities in the workplace once discovered. While remuneration, stability, and social status are what drives the majority of us careerwise, one should not put their judgment and morals aside for the sake of keeping their job. Every human being has...
Introduction Intermodal shipping is an approach of transferring cargo from the shipper to the consignee using multiple modes of transport. The commonly used modes of transport in intermodal shipping include rails and trucks. Particularly, the intermodal shipment of goods and services relies on special containers that can fit in well-designed...
There is very little doubt about the fact that the question of whether parents should be held responsible for the crimes of their children has a certain controversial quality to it. On the one hand, the currently enacted jurisprudential paradigm in the West (based on the presumption of legal innocence...
Introduction Airplane crashes result in a threatening or serious injuries and deaths. Affected individuals can suffer broken limbs, organ damage, broken limbs, and internal bleeding. Relatives of passengers who die after accidents go through traumatizing periods. They also experience pain due to the loss of their beloved persons. The paper...
Talking about weapons usually makes people feel uncomfortable, scared, angry, or altogether. Many of us have heard stories about violent attacks and those who fell innocent victims of them. Some of us have even lost close people because of gun shootings. People tend to believe that guns are bad, and...
Summary of the Case The case revolves around Bobby Boss, John Demanding, and Wally Worker. The latter was asked to quit after he failed to perform his workplace duties for several months in a row. Wally was promoted because of the union and their claim that he would become a...
Abstract According to a study conducted by LaVallee (2009), about 1.6 million auto accidents are directly linked to cellphone texting while driving. Even though people acknowledge that texting while driving is a major cause of accidents, they are not willing to restrain from such behavior voluntarily. In a bid to...
To what extent are property offenders’ rational actors? Many people are convinced that property offenders are rarely guided by any logic or rationality. However, many of them are. The truth is the logic of such a person is not the same as the logic of an engineer or a mathematician,...
Introduction The forensic examination of latent fingerprints requires the dusting of surfaces with suitable powder to reveal invisible fingerprints. The nature of surfaces determines the type of dusting powder and the quality of latent fingerprints. Dusting powder ought to be fine, adhesive, sensitive, and dusty with an appropriate contrasting color...
Introduction There are many important concepts in today’s criminal system. A false confession is one of the terms that are frequently used by modern criminologists. Media says that despite the intentions of the system to protect the population against wrong and prejudice judgments, hundreds of prisoners remain the victims of...
Background information Puerto Rico’s judicial system currently comprises of the Supreme Court, which is the highest court in the region and also mandated to direct the entire judicial system. Other courts include judicial districts courts, which are meant to deal with the most basic cases. Higher than the judicial district...
Introduction Incorporation of a new business result in corporate ownership that is one of the three major forms of legal business ownership. The other two are partnership and proprietorship and compared to them, incorporation is a more complex arrangement that is based on the creation of a legal entity (also...
Introduction The benefits and downsides of regulation or deregulation in the sphere of transportation have been discussed for decades. Still, there are quite different views on the matter. Some researchers and practitioners claim that the industry has to be regulated heavily as it is associated with the economic and environmental...
Leonard v. PepsiCo, Inc. is a famous example of an invalid contract. In 1995, John Leonard under the influence of a Pepsi commercial tried to enforce an alleged offer to obtain a Harrier jet for 7 million company’s points (Contract Law, n.d.; Lexisondemand, 2009). The court ruled in Pepsi’s favor...
Introduction The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects people’s freedom of speech. However, the government can limit free expression under certain circumstances such as advocacy characterized by the use of force. Incitements capable of producing violence or suicide can also be limited (Gahagan & Brophy, 2014). Expressions that are...
Issue of Integrity The news clip chosen for this response is linked to a $20 million negligence verdict against Arkansas Children’s Hospital for the surgery performed on the wrong side of the brain of a 15-year old boy. As a result of the surgery, the boy was left severely brain-damaged....
Paragraph 5 The USA Patriot Act was one of the key pieces of legislation signed into effect following the 9/11 terror attack in New York City. The USA Patriot Act was signed on 26th October 2001 and focused on the enhancement of law enforcement powers and intelligence gathering procedures (Falk...
In Griggs v. Duke Power Company case, African American applicants proved that the company violates the Civil Rights Act while hiring in prestigious positions. In particular, the statistical data showed that the human resource management of the company required from candidates the obligatory presence of the Higher Education Diploma and...
Introduction Intellectual property has been a valuable commodity and a generator of wealth for people and companies throughout modern history. It is an umbrella term that encapsulates all results of intellectual and creative processes. A great number of things fall under its categories, from company names and slogans, to design...
Abstract Cyberbullying is the online harassment which occurs in the form of spreading false and abusive information, and it can be threatening for persons. The Protection from Harassment Bill 2014 was introduced to address the issue of cyberbullying. The bill provoked debates in the society of Singapore, and there are...
Introduction The British Common Law is applied in many nations, including the United States of America and England. Indeed, nations that were colonized by the British Empire have their legal systems based on British law. While many nations only have one system of law, Canada presents a unique case. The...
Introduction The National Security Branch (NSB) of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a national security service that aims to prevent, identify, and eliminate threats to the national security of the US with the help of the strategic use of intelligence and counterterrorism efforts (U.S. Department of Justice [DJ],...
The target population will include students from different schools regardless of their age, sex, and ethnicity. The total number of respondents is estimated to be 60 people. This amount of respondents seems to be appropriate to make relevant conclusions and suggest the corresponding recommendations to enhance the situation with juvenile...
Summary Across centuries, different governments have been struggling to reduce the availability of illicit drugs and substances. For this reason, drug policies in the United States aimed at strengthening law enforcement agencies to combat the drug and substance abuse problem. While the government struggles to reduce the availability and use...
Introduction This essay on Miranda Rights is useful for all American citizens and those who are interested in studying law as well. In the US, the rights and freedoms, which are fixed by the Constitution, are meant to protect everyone. However, in the case of the Miranda Warning, there are...
Introduction The population of women offenders has been on the rise in the past decade and the criminal justice system has expressed fears regarding the trend. Women offenders require different approaches with regard to incarceration and correction because of variations in their offense patterns as well as social, physical, and...
Introduction Administrative agencies affect the rights of private parties either through adjudication or rule-making. Procedural fairness helps the agencies to arrive at judgments that are fair to all the parties in the case. Usually, the decision-maker is concerned with the method of analyzing the testimonies brought before them and other...
Abstract This paper will look at the capital punishment as it applies to cost, deterrence, and the innocence of the accused. It will discuss these issues as it applies to the overall benefit of abolishing the death penalty all together. It would also discuss and evaluate large scale violations of...
Introduction Three Strikes Laws are legislation implemented by various states that aim at punishing offenders who commit the same crimes again. Kenneth (2000, p. 457-469) indicates that the significant of the law is to secure the society from those who repeatedly commit felonies that put the individuals at risk. Three...
Introduction The England and Wales court system is one of the oldest in the world, dating back to medieval times, and has, over the centuries, evolved into a complex and layered hierarchical system. Despite its complexity, the Court is an essential administrative unit and plays a vital justice role in...
Introduction Deterrence is a fundamental concept of criminal justice that ensures crime prevention using the fear of consequences. Specific and general deterrence are two main approaches to the context of actions aimed at maintaining the rules of public order. Delinquent offenders require unique work methods since their psyche is not...
The Basis of the Court Decision The court’s ruling in Estrada v. FedEx Ground Package System, Inc. was based on how California’s labor laws and regulations were interpreted and put into practice. The issue that the court expressly addressed was whether FedEx’s drivers should have been treated as employees rather...
Introduction Beccaria is the founder of classical criminology and has laid the basic principles of the modern age. Although considered radical at the time, his work influenced different studies to prove the importance of fair trial, proportionate punishment, and social impact. His principles and ideas are still influencing the modern...
Introduction In the modern world, contract law is fundamental to business and commerce. Proper contracting helps to reduce risks and disputes, providing certainty and trust between the parties. This analysis will look at a case that is a complex contract law dispute in the United States. The Supreme Court of...
Introduction to Blood Spatter Analysis Bloodstains are the most critical pieces of evidence at a crime scene. Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) might reveal crucial details during and after a crime. Blood spatter analysis allows investigators to identify what transpired at a murder scene and make educated guesses about the victim’s...
Introduction The individual discussed in the case is Aileen Wuornos, born in Michigan on February 29, 1956. She is the youngest of two Wuornos children, with her late brother Keith being the eldest. Her family members severely abused and traumatized Aileen during her childhood and formative years. Her father, convicted...
Contractual Element Zehmer argued that the signed document was not a legally binding contract because the contractual requirement of mutual assent was absent. A document must have mutual assent, also referred to as a meeting of the minds, which calls for both parties to agree on the terms and conditions...
In modern society, the punishment for criminals varies according to their age. Juvenile offenders can be subject to different types of punishment than those applied to adults. The general consensus is that young people have a greater chance of rehabilitation than adult criminals, thus, their punishment should be more lenient....
Summary The In Re Winship case was a Supreme Court case in 1970 that focused on the issue of proof beyond a reasonable doubt. Winship’s defendant in the case was charged with stealing $112 from a woman’s purse. Parties The In Re Winship case was brought to the United States...
The author’s key question in “Implementation methods used to carry out the Three Strikes Law in California” is whether the Three Strikes Law should be changed or repealed in favor of a different punishment structure. Gasca (2018) presents the top-down and the bottom-up approaches to the implementation of laws and...
Stealing money from corporations affects the financial sector of the business and economy and reflects the ethical issues of the act. There are ethical issues that appear as an excuse for people to steal money from corporations. However, it raises concerns about the limits to theft. Many people wonder if...
This is a legal case between Aero Industries, INC, against Demonte Fabricating limited and Quick Draw Tarpaulin systems. The Aero Industries are accusing DeMonte of violating the laid trade laws. Quick Draw, however, moves to dismiss the motion for lacking personal jurisdiction. In this case, the two companies manufacture and...
New Zealanders are safeguarded by a robust and independent legal system well recognized internationally. Although New Zealand does not have a formal written constitution, it has a collection of legislations, conventions, and other key texts that collectively create its constitutional structure. Some of the primary legal systems that form the...
The correctional system’s primary purpose is rehabilitation, and it is founded on the notion that criminals can be cured and deterred from committing crimes. Mental health, substance addiction, and educational assistance are all included in the rehabilitation process. Specialized programs have since been designed for women, those condemned of sexual...
Introduction Human trafficking can be defined as the forced relocation of a person with the intent to exploit this individual for a variety of purposes, be it household work or, as this paper will delve further into, forced sexual labor. Linebach et al. (2016) identify violence or suggestions of violence...
The constitution and laws of any country describe the rights of the population as well as the powers of the government. The Constitutional Act and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms of Canada are no exception as they guarantee the rights of the population and also state and limit the...
The collective bargaining between the Trustee of Columbia University and Local 2110 International Union is like a contract between management and labor. Collective bargaining is a negotiation of work and employment terms in writing between the employer and the trade union regarding pay rate, working hours, and other work conditions....
Introduction The most effective leadership style for superiors at criminal justice organizations to employ is the autocratic leadership style. This is a leadership style where all the decision of the organization solely depends on an individual, which is necessary during a crisis or emergency (Woodard, 2017). In the case of...
Procedural law is a set of legal norms regulating the procedural order procedures for the practical implementation and enforcement of substantive law. Procedural law is inextricably linked with substantive law, as it establishes the procedural forms necessary for its performance and protection (Rammeloo, 2019). There are the following primary forms...
Albert Einstein, the famous German physicist, filed a declaration of intention to become an American citizen in 1936, and the document is still preserved. Apart from Einstein’s names, the form contains several people, including Einstein’s wife, children, and the clerk of the U.S. District Court, George T. Cranmer. Similarly, numerous...
David, N. (2014). Women with disabilities: Dual discrimination. Labor Education, 137. According to David, even though the internal labor organization (ILO) has done enough to promote and protect the human rights of persons with disabilities, it has as well as helped in the struggle for equal treatment and equal opportunity...
Geriatrics is a discipline of healthcare that deals with the challenges and illnesses that occur with getting older, as well as the medical care and therapy of the elderly. Establishing a distinct system for the elderly, often known as a geriatric court, is one option to address a variety of...
Facts Natare Corporation and Duraplastec Systems have a long history of competition against one another, during which they have spread disparaging information against one another as a means of unsettling the competition. These activities have resulted in 2 lawsuits against one another and an agreement to refer to arbitrage in...
Introduction Ted Bundy, also known as Theodore Robert Bundy, is among the renowned serial killers in history. He was linked to the kidnap, assault, and murder of many women across different states, including Washington, Utah, Florida, and Colorado. Due to the unique nature of his killings and how he used...
Introduction The England and Wales criminal justice system (CJS) is a ministerial department under the Ministry of Justice, which oversees the administration of justice in the country. It is an elaborate governmental infrastructure consisting of such institutions as the police, prosecution service, courts, and prison establishments. Over the years, the...
Introduction The right to break the law is the fundamental philosophical problem that depicts the conflict between the individual and the existing policies. Sometimes the law prohibits clearly moral and necessary actions, which are required to make a positive change for many people. For instance, the play Antigone by Sophocles...
The human brain is amongst the most compound and most significant organs in the body, comprising more than a hundred nerves communicating in trillions of links called synapses. The brain consists of different specialized regions that work together in a coordinated manner. An example of the region is the cortex...
Introduction Denial and deception is a term that is frequently used to characterize a nation’s employment of a variety of information operations to achieve its goals. The attempt to suppress information that an opponent may utilize to learn some truth is denial. By definition, deception refers to a country’s attempt...
The Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, established in New York on June 10th, 1958 (the New York Convention), is considered the most successful treaty applied in private international law. Currently, more than one hundred and sixty nations adhere to the convention. The objective of the...
Introduction The efforts to constitutionally allow same-sex marriage started popping up in the United States as early as the 1999’s, resulting in national and state challenges. Civil unions were advocating for same-sex marriage in several states. The federal government denied same-sex couples from accessing close to 1100 federal rights, duties...
This work looks at the criminal act of shoplifting. A man stole some wine from a shop and was caught by security when he tried to leave. The cameras showed that he took a bottle of French wine and hid it in his bag. When stopped, he denied taking it...
Introduction Trauma is often characterized by stressful events that cause one to battle challenges that may be psychological or mental. A traumatic experience involves a feeling of helplessness where one may choose to do an action that may not be justified in the criminal justice system and according to societal...
Corporations can allocate a lot of resources to prevent unionization in the United States. If an employer violates the law to avoid unionization, the legal system is entirely inadequate in establishing remedies. Therefore, very few employees are committed to public associations striving for equal rights and opportunities. This work is...
Introduction Everything that was considered by scientists earlier, including crime, its causes, and the criminal’s identity, ultimately pursues the goal of mastering modern criminological knowledge about crime prevention. At its core, crime prevention is a specific area of social regulation, management, and control, which has a multi-level character and pursues...
Introduction Vernonia School District 47J v. Acton is a lawsuit in which the U.S. Supreme Court found Oregon’s student-athletes selective drug testing policy in compliance with the U.S. Constitution, particularly the Fourth Amendment. According to the results of the Court decision, before taking part in the competition, students were required...
Theory Social control is a multifaceted phenomenon that entails community structures and institutions that influence human behavior. Over the decades, different scholars carried out research studies to establish the various elements that compose the phenomenon. Other scholars focused on the ways that the components influence character. Hirschi (2017) argues that...
Introduction It is important to note that the concept of vicarious liability is a form of indirect or secondary liability. The format is mainly utilized when a party needs to be held financially accountable for the actions or negligence of another party. Such a legal framework is primarily applied for...
In the justice system, there are a number of ways to discuss and evaluate crime, based on the different metrics of documenting it. In particular, the two major methods to collected crime statistics are official crime data and self-reported statistics from particular areas of a city (Mosher et al., 2011)....
Introduction The level of criminality in the United States is impacted by various factors such as class, gender, and racial differences. Traditionally, the female genders have had a lower likelihood of committing violence compared to men and that pattern has remained until today (Fielding-Miller et al., 2020). There has also...
Automatism defense refers to a state directed by psychological and environmental factors in which an individual acted involuntarily and may have committed criminal acts. Essentially, it describes behavior in which a person is unconscious or unaware of an act taking place. Though rare, such scenarios could lead to detrimental cases,...
The law of contracts holds that a contract is a legally binding agreement. The agreement entails rights and responsibilities which are legally enforceable, and for it to exist, certain elements must be present. Sometimes, there are disagreements between parties on whether a contract was formed or not as was the...
