Investment. Net Present Value vs. Payback Period

Net Present Value (NPV) is a better indicator than Payback Period (PBP) because it tells precisely which value would be earned by the investors if they decide to undertake it. In general, NPV as an investment appraisal method is based on the idea that the project would be beneficial if...

Stock Performance Analysis

Introduction Predicting stock performance is extremely difficult and has been called a futile exercise by many people. This is because due to the inefficiency of stock markets about information asymmetry. Many of the fundamental factors affecting stock performance do not fully reflect themselves in stock prices in the Long-run or...

International Trade Payment Forms

There are various methods of payment in international trade. Credit in any international trade transition is provided by the exporter, importer, bank, or a combination of these. Exporters who have sufficient cash flows can finance the entire trade cycle, starting with the production of the product by the exporter down...

The Effectiveness of the World Bank

Introduction The World Bank was established with the main aim of alleviating poverty by providing aid to developing countries. For many years, the institution has given billions of dollars both as loans and grants. However, its effectiveness has been questioned because despite the support, many countries have remained stuck in...

Consumer and Investor Confidence Importance

Introduction The concept of confidence in the field of economics relates to the activities and perceptions of both consumers and investors. However, its impact on them differs, and it is necessary to consider consumer and investor confidence separately. Despite the existing differences, the common characteristic of these types of confidence...

Rondo Company: Financial Statement Analysis

Introduction Originally, financial statement analysis is the research, which requires thorough and multi angle approach towards estimation of the financial ratios and financial flows, both horizontal and vertical. The aim of this paper is to analyze the financial ratios of Rondo Company by doing the financial ratios and also comparing...

The World Trade Organization: Purpose and Functions

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is one the most vital parts of the modern trade. It is an intergovernmental organization, regulating sales across the world. It has a long history, which can be traced back to 1947. Providing a forum for negotiating agreements the agency is responsible for the world’s...

Business Relationship With Its Stakeholders

Executive summary Stakeholders can be defined as people who are interested and directed by a business’ actions. They stand to either lose or gain from a business’ operations and many times influence its decisions. A business’ stakeholders include preferred and common shareholders, creditors, manufactures of its products, employees, suppliers, customers,...

Success Factors in Silicon Valley

Silicon Valley grew very fast because of its technological specialization and innovative corporate culture. The firms and individuals in Silicon Valley showed a strong tradition of innovation and cooperation. There was coordinated focus on manufacture of hardware, development of software and capital investment. Several economic development strategies converged to benefit...

Types and Causes of Financial Crisis

Introduction A financial crisis refers to a situation where the assets of financial institutions keep on reducing their value. A financial crisis may occur in banks, at the stock market, or in Mortgage firms. In 2008, the world witnessed a slowdown in economic growth that saw an upsurge in the...

Introduction to Macroeconomics: Investing in Transportation Infrastructure

Introduction The transportation infrastructure is important since it leads to economic growth of countries in the world. It is believed that in the 19th century investments the transportation systems such as the roads, railways, and canals stimulated economic development in the United States of America. There have been the propounded...

Monopoly: Types, Elements, Effects

Introduction A monopoly is an economic situation in which only a single seller or manufacturer makes and supplies a commodity or service. In order that a monopoly is effective one of the preconditions that should exist is that there should not exist a practical substitute for the product or service...

Outsourcing: Advantages and Disadvantages

Outsourcing can be viewed in terms of a subcontracting process whereby Human resources, manufacturing, or even product is given to a third party company. This phenomenon has brought controversy in various countries because of its impact especially from where human resources have been outsourced. Companies that have benefited from international...

Brexit’s Impact on UK Startups: Market Trends & Financial Insights

State-of-the-art of the UK startup market Recent historical market trends for startups in the UK In spite of the ongoing global financial turmoil and economic challenges faced by Europe, for years, the business environment of the United Kingdom remained not only stable but also positive, forward-looking and open for business....

Business Expansion Strategies: Analyzing Mexico as a Viable Market Opportunity

Country’s Macro Environment The Description of the Country Mexico is a country with a total population of 129,163,276 (as of the end of 2017) that is located in the Southern area of North America, having borders with Belize, the United States, and Guatemala (“Mexico: Introduction,” 2018). The country’s income level...

President George Bush’s Economic Policies

Introduction George Herbert Walker Bush served as the 41st American president for one term from 1989 until 1993. This period was marked by significant global geopolitical shifts that had a ripple effect on the US economy. Additionally, the previous president’s decisions affected the US economy, leaving it in a state...

Supply and Demand Equilibrium: Market Forces and Pricing

Introduction The demand and supply equilibrium is the basis of all commercial interactions between consumers and producers. It helps determine the price of products and the quantity available to the market. As a rule, market forces tend to serve as regulators for the fairness of established prices. If the quantity...

Review of ‘Union Decline in a Neoliberal Age’ by Vachon et al.

Globalization is one of the most important tendencies that alter the modern world and shape peoples mentalities. Nowadays, it affects all regions of the world and all spheres of human activity. For this reason, its comprehensive investigation becomes an important task to understand the peculiarities of the issue and the...

China External Environment and Its Effects

Executive Summary This dissertation aimed to examine the topic “The external environment in China and its effect on foreign beverage companies: A case Study of Pepsi and Coca Cola”. The literature review of this dissertation concern with theoretical aspects of Environmental Effect on the Strategic Choice, Chinese Policy towards the...

Market Access in Developing Countries: WTO Challenges & Solutions

Introduction This essay on global political economy will present answers to the attached questions. The answer to the first question will illuminate the exact functions of World Trade Organization (WTO), the problems associated with the body, such as market access in developing countries, tariffs, and impacts of subsidies, barriers that...

Globalization Concept and Its Impact on the State

Introduction Globalization is not a new term since it has existed for a long period. For many years, globalization has continued to grow through trade, travel, migration, transfer of cultural elements, and spread of knowledge. For over 500 years, monarchs, adventurous, and financiers have been committed to the creation of...

Globalization Impact on Developing Countries: Business Opportunities and Challenges

Introduction Background of Study Globalization is the phenomenon through which countries across the globe are connecting through financial trade, political issues, transportation and operations. It is mostly termed as economic globalization since the economy of a particular country carries out trading activities in order to become a part of the...

The Budgeting Process: Planning and Control Cycle

Introduction The budgeting process is the way toward outlining, executing, and operating spending plans. It is the administrative procedure of budget spending and planning, budgetary control, and the related strategies. Budget planning requires volumes of the bookkeeping regarding the firm’s operations (Okpanachi & Mohammed 2013). In summary, spending plan is...

Contribution of Raul Prebisch on Economic Development

Introduction Structuralism theories propounded on the role of the state and the market in promoting development in an economy. It advocated for state activism in trying to solve problems of underdevelopment and especially in developing countries. It opposed to the idea that international or free trade helped in development by...

Economic Efficiency for Policy Analysis

Economic Efficiency Economic efficiency is the use of resources such that maximum utilization of those resources is achieved in production of goods and services. It involves effective and equitable allocation of resources. An economy is said to be economically efficient if any change made to make one agent better off...

The United Arab Emirates Exchange Rate Regime Analysis

Introduction Exchange rate refers to the “price of one country’s currency expressed in another country’s currency” (Boyes and Melvin 253). The exchange rate is an important macroeconomic variable since it influences the competitiveness of a country’s exports and imports (Boyes and Melvin 156). It also influences the returns on different...

Analyzing the Relationship Between Market Failures and Public Response: Insights and Implications

Introduction Market failures involve the decentralization of behavior that does not result in Pareto efficiency. Traditionally, market failures are said to be circumstances where a social surplus is enlarged under some form of alternative allocations that result from market equilibrium. The commonly recognized market failures are natural monopolies, externalities, information...

International Financial Reporting Standards

Article Discussion The article Advantages and disadvantages of IFRS compared to GAAP by Anna Jordan aims at giving a complete picture of the ongoing switch to the new reporting system in the United States. While the author does not summarize its statements or try to weight the listed arguments and...

Price, Income, and Advertising Regression Analysis

Introduction As a definition, regression analysis is a statistical tool that is used to develop and approximate linear relationships among various variables. Regression analysis formulates an association between several variables. When coming up with the model, it is necessary to separate between dependent and independent variables. The model generated is...

Public Budgeting Leaders: Roles, Skills, and Decision-Making

The public budgeting leaders have the responsibility of fulfilling various roles including planning, reforming, and budgeting. Public budgeting involves three areas that are mostly dominated by the fields of economics, planning, and data sciences. Planning is used to determine goals and setting up the necessary programs to achieve them. Programming...

Banking and Inventory Management

Executive Summary Effective inventory (cash) management is crucial for achieving optimised supply chains and cost reductions to remain competitive and resilient in turbulent times. Retail banks must efficiently process and deliver cash to customers to lower inventory levels and reduce costs. They employ demand/supply strategies to ensure optimised replenishment of...

Inflation in the United Kingdom’s Economy: Causes and Solutions

Introduction – stating the problem The Office of National Statistics (ONS) says that the rate of inflation has risen to 0.2% in December 2015. It was surprising because it became the first month when the number exceeded 0.1% of January 2015. The primary causes of this increase are seen in...

Evolutionary Economics Explored: Micro, Meso, and Macro Perspectives and Theories

Evolutionary economics has made most scholars change their view of neoclassical theory given the dynamism of understanding certain market occurrences. Technological learning has been at the centre stage of the development process since effective comprehension of changes in the economy requires co-evaluation of technologies, as well as the institutional compartments...

Economic Comparisons: Germany, Greece, and the UAE in a Global Context

Introduction Germany, Greece, and the U.A.E are notable economies in Europe and the Middle East. Many countries have emulated their economic models (The Global Economy 2015). For example, Saudi Arabia has tried to emulate the U.A.E’s diversification strategy to decrease its reliance on the energy sector (The Global Economy 2015)....

Starbucks Company’ Financial Analysis

Introduction Financial ratios are used to predict the liquidity, solvency profitability, as well as the performance of a given company within a specified period. Thus, investors and other shareholders need to understand accurately the meaning of each ratio before making any investment related decision (Lewellen, 2004). This paper provides an...

Denmark’s National Savings and Balance of Payments Analysis

Savings, BOP and current Account According to Soukizis and Cerqueira (2012, p. 59), savings indicate what is left after consumers have made their consumption. The income is either consumed or saved with savings being closely related to the level of investment and the national income. The level of savings in...

Economic Aspects of Kenya: Insights into Growth and Challenges

Kenya is a country that is located in the East African region. It borders Uganda to its west, Somalia to the east, Ethiopia to the north, Tanzania to the south and the Indian Ocean along its southeastern coast. It has a population of approximately 40 million people, according to the...

The Youthful Population of Saudi Arabia: Demographic Trends and Implications

Commentary The youthful population in Saudi Arabia is still being faced with a growing rate of unemployment. This may appear as a paradox bearing in mind that this country is one of the leading producers of crude oil. There are several fundamental and systematic limitations that have significantly contributed to...

Real vs. Nominal Risk-Free Rates: Impact on Investment Decisions

Introduction Investment decisions and long-term planning for any investment or economic action often require a complete analysis of all associated risk factors. The concept of interest rates plays an essential role in determining the cost of capital. Real risk-free and nominal interest rates have fundamental differences that determine their different...

The Effects of Inflation on Purchasing Power, Borrowing, and Wealth

Introduction Over time, prices of goods and services tend to rise, and this process is known as inflation. It is a phenomenon that affects people’s lives significantly and in various ways. From this perspective, the effects of inflation can be both positive and rather negative, depending on the circumstances and...

Iconix Brand Group: Financial Analysis, Revenue Growth, and Risk Factors

Cash Flow Statement, Earnings, and Cash Flow Quality The Iconix Brand Group, Inc.’s cash flow statement offers information on its earnings and cash flow quality for the three years that ended on December 31, 2014. According to the statement, the company produced cash from its core business operations in each...

Impact of Intra-Industry Trade Index on UK Trade Policy

Introduction Hello and welcome. I am your host and today we will be talking about UK trade policy implications from calculating the intra-industry trade (IIT) index. This is an important matter, so ensure you listen in all through. Trading between different stock market indices or IIT is common. Most investors...

The Role and Impact of Incoterms in International Trade

Introduction It can be challenging for entities in an international trade transaction to agree on the delivery conditions, the party responsible for the goods while in transit, and the mitigation of unforeseen risks. Thus, adopting Incoterms, which refer to clusters of standardized regulations in international sales contracts, can be helpful...

The Stock Market: Investment Instrument

Recently, the stock market has become one of the most interesting and main instruments for investing and raising capital by companies and investors. Most companies use the advantages of stock markets to attract public funding for business development. Thus, it is important to discuss how companies and different investors choose...

Market and Subsistence Economies

In the process of a long evolution, all countries have established the predominance of the market economy as the basic and most efficient form of economic management. It is based on commodity production, which is possible due to technology. Market economy assumes the production by individual, isolated producers specializing in...

Post-Fordist Immaterial Labour in the Information Economy

The shift toward Post-Fordist immaterial labour in the information economy was originally hailed as bringing more flexibility for workers and freeing them from tight control by bosses. At the same time, this shift has resulted in the rise of precarious gig work and the primacy of unstable short-term contracts. Using...

Bangladesh: Investment Climate of the Developing Country

Introduction Bangladesh is constantly developing and is one of the most populous countries in the world. Because of its large population, a large number of the young and hardworking labor force. The country’s location attracts a lot of investment – Bangladesh is on the trade route between South and East...

Gramsci’s Idea of Cultural Hegemony in Political Economy

International Political Economy (IPE) is a topic of study that explores the confluence between politics and economics in a global environment. It aims to comprehend the complexity of the global economy and how the activities of numerous players, including nations, multinational firms, international organizations, and people, impact it. Through the...

The Role of Economics in Shaping Public Policy

Introduction Economics is essential in steering public discussions about business taxation, household taxation, and import taxation by changing the public perspective of taxes. Taxes are essential in running a government by providing public resources and services for appropriate economic growth (Korenik & Węgrzyn, 2020). Without taxes, the government would be...

D. M. Pan National Real Estate Company’s Housing Price Prediction Model

Introduction This report was commissioned by the CEO of D. M. Pan National Real Estate. The purpose of this report is to provide a benchmark price for square foot of real estate based on the statistical analysis of the real estate prices in the US in 2019. The central question...

Commercial Banks in Nigeria: Impact of Cash Reserve Ratio

The Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR), which entails the set percentage of cash required to be kept in reserves as against the bank’s total deposits, has over the past increased in Nigeria, lowering commercial bank earnings and thereby harming the country’s economy. Therefore, if commercial banks in the country want to...

Bernie Madoff’s Ponzi Scheme Analysis

Bernie Madoff, who founded his investment company in 1960, was the genius behind the $50 billion Ponzi scheme scam that stunned the world economy. It was the most extensive and longest-running Ponzi scheme fraud in history. According to his deception strategy, Madoff utilized investments to repay his initial backers, giving...

The Commodification of Science in the Sugar Industry

Introduction Financial support for science, technology, and innovation is becoming increasingly relevant and changing its meaning. There are also the latest, complex funding mechanisms that are designed to influence the conduct of scientific research. When discussing the applied nature of some scientific research, it frequently refers to business involvement in...

Real vs. Inflationary Growth: What’s the Difference?

Real growth and inflation are associated with the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). GDP is the total market worth of a nation’s products and services during a specific period (Feldstein, 2017). When Comparing periods of GDP growth, real growth takes inflation or deflation into account, while the inflationary growth rate uses...

The Impact of Supreme Court Decisions on the US Economy

Introduction The current U.S. Constitution is one of the oldest in the world. It reflects the fundamental ideas of federalism, separation of powers, the system of checks and balances, and judicial constitutional control, which formed the basis of the state system and the legal and economic systems of the USA....

Netflix: Globalization and Information Research

Summary In a three-stage expansion process, Netflix could make strategic decisions and establish effective policies in those markets. Before moving forward, they carefully selected a few calls to employ as a test and then studied those markets. One of the best strategies the business can employ to expand is to...

Brexit Implications for the European Union and the United Kingdom’s Economy

Abstract Due to the challenges it faced and the differences between the European Union and the United Kingdom, the Brexit process featured a variety of outcomes. The EU was required to show its competence on both an economic and political level to deal with crises of various kinds, but the...

“Economics in One Lesson” by Henry Hazlitt in the Context of Microeconomics

Economics in One Lesson by Henry Hazlitt provides essential information about microeconomics that non-economics professionals need to know. The author provides examples of major economic misconceptions, public misinterpretations, and public policy failures. Mostly, the author talks about economic policies and their consequences. Hence, the basic rule of economics “consists in...

The Industrial Revolution: Key Factors

The Industrial Revolution is a developmental period characterized by the transformation from the rural and agrarian way of being to modernized and industrial. An industrial revolution depends on four key factors: natural resources, capital resources, human resources, and entrepreneurship. The combination of these factors allows a nation or a region...

Global Economic Systems Comparison

Introduction At its core, the state represents the intersection of its political, economic, social, and cultural elements. Due to the cultural differences in world views and visions of how society should work, many diverse political ideologies were invented and implemented economically and socially. As a consequence, the economic organization was...

The Analysis of the Daycare Center’s Operations Budget

Introduction This memo concerns the analysis of the Daycare Center’s operations budget for the year 2000. An Exhibit A from the Northville Daycare Center Case Study shows the prospective expenditures that this daycare center will have in the first year of its operations. One of the most crucial aspects of...

Overconsumption in the Context of Black Friday

Introduction This paper is about overconsumption and Black Friday influence in the market. The term overconsumption refers to the situation where utilization of natural resources is more than the current ability to generate more (Ardley & May, 2020). When overconsumption is experienced for a long time, it is difficult to...

Gasoline Consumption and Tax Effects

Gasoline taxes are an important policy tool for reducing reliance on oil imports, curbing externalities associated with car use, and increasing government revenues. Externalities associated with car use are local air pollution, CO2 emissions, traffic accidents, and traffic congestion (Andersson, 2019). Concerns about climate change, air pollution, national budget imbalances,...

How to Cure Inflation: Summary

In the introduction, the video introduces the history of paper money, talking about gold and tobacco. Then, it moves to discuss inflation in the United States. Between 1972 and 1978, wages grew, but the increase in income tax lowered the buying power of people – this is called “taxation without...

The Logic of a Systematic Approach

Any organizational process is based on the logic of a systematic approach (Teece, 2018). Systems theory assumes that a system consists of interdependent and interconnected parts that interact during the workflow (Gordon, 2022). Contributing to each other, the elements stimulate the well-coordinated work of the organization without failures and weak...

Fair Trade and Its Benefits for Local Farmers

Most of the world’s cocoa supplies are carried out from small family farms, which are located in different countries of West Africa. The process of growing cocoa is quite time-consuming, and currently, consumers and human rights activists are concerned that children are used in this work. The cost of buying...

The United States’ Import and Export

Vehicles and automobiles are one of the most fundamental imports of the USA. The number of cars transferred to the country from abroad has increased in the past decades (Samuels, 2019). The USA is one of the leading net importers in the world of goods and has become the world’s...

Surveillance Capitalism in Shoshana Zuboff’s View

Shoshana Zuboff discloses the capital framework that exists in the digital world. Surveillance capitalism is essentially shifting the democratic possibilities that control human behavior. Different big technology corporations in Silicon Valley have assigned material worth to data on human behavior. Surveillance capitalism is different from information capitalism in that it...

Housing Discrimination in the United States

Introduction In the United States, housing discrimination refers to historical as well as present policies and biases that act as barriers towards equitable access to housing. It became more prominent after slavery was abolished in 1865. It was among the provision of the Jim Crow laws that promoted and fostered...

Reading Diary: Knowledge Economy

The phrase knowledge economy typically refers to an economy that is built on advanced technological expertise. It also refers to knowledge economies, which are institutions in which knowledge is a key good that is transferred in some form. The first type of knowledge economy clearly necessitates the second, although the...

Comparative Advantage: Analysis of the Concept

Summary Comparative advantage is an economic concept that some countries, states or regions are better set off in producing specific goods than others. Comparative advantage is important in world politics because it determines the countries or regions that will benefit from specializing in he production of certain goods or products...

Fiscal Policies and Their Impact on Income Distribution in India

The story is about the fiscal policies that have been put into place by the Indian government in recent years, and each of them has had a different impact on income distribution in the country. Progressive taxation is one such policy; it is a system in which people who earn...

The Concept of Consumerism and Marketing Strategies

Consumerism exists in the everyday life of every person, and every marketer should pay attention to its effect on consumers. There is an indirect pressure of marketing strategies that force people to change their habits while shopping. Those psychological techniques might not always be harmful to ordinary buyers. However, marketers...

Uber’s Effect on Taxi Companies

Uber’s innovative format of transportation services affects companies in the taxi market. Specifically, its pricing strategies and the ability to damage the reputation of taxi drivers deserve attention in this regard. This essay will examine the cause-and-effect connections between Uber’s activity in the transportation industry and its meaning for more...

Demand: Income and Price Elasticity

Price elasticity of demand is a measure of the changes in a product’s consumption with regard to alterations in its price. It determines the responsiveness of the demanded quality or goods supplied to a change in its price (Mankiw, 2018). Price elasticity of demand is calculated by dividing the percentage...

Collusion in Oligopoly and Game Theory

Oligopoly is a market structure in which a relatively small number of companies or organizations serve a large number of consumers. Along with monopoly, oligopoly as a structure exists in imperfect competition. Because the number of firms in oligopoly is usually extremely small, the profit of each participating company does...

Budgeting for Local Governments and Communities

In the video “What you need to know to play The Fiscal Ship game,” Sheiner (2016) explains the mechanisms that regulate the allocation of financial resources. Simply stated, the speaker describes how the government spends money and what trends will be apparent in this sphere in the near future. Among...

Islamic Banking and Its Development Problems

Islamic banking implies a way of banking functioning that is characterized by consistency and does not contradict Muslim principles in relation to monetary settlement operations. The main rule of the Islamic religion is the rejection of future transactions and the prohibition of charging a loan interest by a banking institution....

Financial Planning. Money Management Skill

Financial literacy is an essential skill necessary for people to manage their income and achieve goals. Financial literacy can be defined as knowledge about financial planning and management that allows making reasonable choices about money spending and saving (Hamid & Loke, 2021). Indeed, proper cash management leads to lower debt...

Inflation: Causes, Problems, Impacts on Economy

Introduction Inflation measures how expensive a particular category of goods and services has become in a certain period, usually a year. It is a rate of increase in commodities prices over a certain period. It is usually measured broadly, such as the increase in the cost of living or the...

The Impact of COVID-19 on the Economy

Since it was discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, COVID-19 has caused massive human suffering and undermined the global economy. The lives of billions of the world’s populations have been turned upside down by the pandemic, which has significantly affected the social, environmental, health, and economic domains. By now,...

Concept of Mindful Consumption

The concept of mindful consumption has a deeper meaning than simply consuming the amount of goods and services necessary for an individual’s life. According to Sheth et al. (2011), mindful consumption has both tangible — the behavior, and intangible — mindset — facets. Therefore, consuming the goods and services mindfully...

Researching of Financial Ratios

Financial ratios allow a business to assess many aspects of the performance, being an integral part of financial statements analysis. The ratio compares companies, industries, different periods of activity of the same company, and the results of the organization with the average industry ones. In financial statement analysis, the following...

Fair Enough? Big Business Embraces Fair Trade

The involvement of big business in fair trade has both advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, fair trade promotes the production of certified goods, fosters stable long-term trading partnerships between suppliers and retailers, contributes to the development of online shopping and global marketing, and minimizes the involvement of intermediaries....

The Energy Sector: Russia’s Policy

Introduction Russia’s economic and social environment is based on a previously populist system, maintained despite growing tensions with Western nations and civil unrest. As no political or economic reforms are expected, there is a need to examine the country’s structure, analyze its economic and noneconomic surroundings, and explore potential prospects...

Global Business Opportunities in Indian Markets

Introduction This report section will conduct a preliminary assessment of geographic, economic, social, and political-legal factors that create global business opportunities in Indian markets. This section will also consider ways technology could create new business opportunities in India. The business chosen for this section is the information and communications technology...

Aspects of International Trade

Introduction Many theories of international trade have been developed to explain the relationships between partner nations. Many countries appreciate the need for doing business with others because of the underlying benefits, including faster growth, improved productivity, and innovation (The World Bank, 2018, para. 1). According to Gani (2017, p. 280),...

Analyzes of “Jean Tirole: Market Power and Regulation” Work

Jean Tirole: Market Power and Regulation In what is perhaps the culmination of his life’s work, Jean Tirole: Market Power and Regulation encapsulates the efforts of a man focused on revolutionizing global economics. Tirole’s decisive and methodical approaches to issues such as competition and regulation have improved upon existing theories...

The Efficient Market Hypothesis

Introduction In economic theory, there is a concept of market efficiency; the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) is one of the basic ideas of finance theory. There are three forms of market efficiency: weak, semi-strong and strong. The criterion of efficiency is determined by the access of its participants to information....

Profit Maximization Versus Satisficing

Businesses strive to achieve the maximum possible revenue to stay competitive. This essay will compare profit maximization strategy with satisficing. Maximization implies a continuous chase for the highest possible profit margin (Qiu, Bai, and Lu, 2020). It allows a company to gain a competitive advantage at the cost of significant...

History of Globalization and World Integration

The process of globalization is often viewed as an exclusively modern phenomenon that has arisen due to the development of multinational corporations and technological innovation. However, historians have been considering the periodization of world integration for a long time and also trying to determine the time of its beginning. Nevertheless,...

Researching of Stakeholder Theory

When defining the target settings for the activities of an organization, the diverse interests of various parties should be acknowledged. Stakeholder theory presents a universal approach that considers the interests of stakeholders and an organization (Fernando and Lawrence, 2014). The main stakeholders are investors, consumers, competitors, suppliers, and financial institutions....

Shanghai: A Smart City. Analysis

Introduction Nowadays, the organization and the building process of smart cities, in which all the scientific achievements would be implemented, is the topic of multiple discussions. These ideas are widely transmitted in movies, cartoons, and books. Scientists tend to make daring predictions about the lifestyle in the future when an...

Ivory Coast’s Social and Economic Challenges

Summary Despite the level of development of technology and society, modern Africa is not much different from its historical copy. This stage of development is a locality in which numerous social problems are particularly acute. Thus, the population is forced to live in frightening conditions, including the economy, minimal sanitation,...

Addressing the Changing Customers’ Needs in the Hospitality Industry

Introduction In the hotel sector or the hospitality industry in general, the consumer is very crucial. The entire point of the business is to keep customers pleased. However, the margins are gradually shrinking; it is no longer enough to keep customers satisfied. As a hotel manager, one must create new...

Recent Matters of SDGs Related to Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure

According to United Nations, infrastructure investments, such as irrigation, transportation, electricity, and information and communication technology, are critical for accomplishing supportable extension and endowing populations in various nations. Growth in productivity and wages and gains in education and health consequences have long been acknowledged as necessitating infrastructure ventures. Infrastructure denotes...

1929-1933 Depression and the Development of Germany

Introduction The great depression of 1929 was preceded by a number of economic, social and political events. In Germany the depression was considered as the turning point of the economic and development jurisprudence. A historical interrogation of Germany between 1880 and 1933 presents a better understanding of this claim. Argument...

Lego Group Role in the Digital Economy

The Lego Group is one of the most profitable and sustainable companies in the toys industry. This Danish organization has its headquarters in Billund. Currently, it designs, produces, and markets Lego-brand plastic bricks for interlocking purposes and other toys. Additionally, it has amusements parks in different parts of the world....

Buying First or Selling First in Housing Markets

The purchase of a house is associated with a high risk because it requires substantial financial costs. In order not to lose the invested funds, people should be careful about such purchase. The first criterion is the number of rooms in the house, which will directly depend on the family...

Germany’s Political-Legal Environment for Business

Cultural differences between U.S. and Germany Germany is one of the many member states of the European Union that are open to the global economy. The German culture is slightly different from the culture of the U.S., especially in terms of business transactions. As MICUS ventures into Germany, it is...

Capital Structure: Modigliani & Miller’s Theory

Reasons why Modigliani & Miller’s propositions were initially misunderstood Modigliani and Miller’s propositions were initially misunderstood because of the irrelevance of the propositions that were proving to be irrelevant, still raising hackles in academic circles. The criticism revolving around M&M’s failure to recognize the great importance of adhering to taxes...

Foreign Direct Investment and Multinational Corporations

Introduction In the 21st century, global economic activities have acquired an unprecedented scope, which is enabled by rapid technological progress. Communication and transportation have become easier than ever, bringing nations closer together and promoting the international exchange of goods and services. In this regard, prosperous companies have been actively developing...

The Financial Crisis: The USA in 2007

Introduction The phrase financial crisis has been applied in wider aspects in recent days with an array of state of affairs in where some financial organisation or assets unexpectedly go down of a large portion of their value. Through around the centuries the civilization has evidenced financial crises coupled with...

Analysis of Vietnam’s Economic Transition

Introduction During recent decades, many countries in Europe and Asia abandoned socialist regimen. Changes related to such transitions have influenced different spheres including political, economic, and social. Vietnam is an example of a successful transition of a low-income country, which moved from centrally planned to a market economy (Tran, 2013)....

Understanding Consumer Buying Behavior Toward Online Shopping among Young People

Introduction Background Information Many social science researchers and practitioners have been interested in the concept and field of consumer behavior. There is a lack of consensus on what constitutes consumer behavior as scholars define the image differently. The term has been described as “the actions and decision processes of people...

US Budgeting Process

Introduction The federal budget of the United States consists of the spending and revenues of the U. S. federal government. As of now, the US government’s primary expenses include healthcare, retirement, and defense programs. Among the leading trends of the last five decades, the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office reports the...

Federal Emergency Management Agency

The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is a part of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The organization is responsible for protecting the population from natural disasters, preparing for them, and mitigating potential consequences. The agency also helps citizens to recover from the devastating impact of indent, including human-made. FEMA...

Governmental Role in Influencing International Trade

Introduction As the international economy is being integrated, business opportunities, as well as challenges, continue to ensue. Such challenges affect different nations around the globe, including those with stable economies. In this regard, even the local corporations/companies and the multinational corporations are not immune to the business challenges present in...

Financial Crisis: Beyond 1929 – 2008 Comparison

Abstract This report compares the great depression of 1929 with the financial crisis of 2008. The basis of comparison is with respect to outset, causes, effects and nature. The report describes the general factors that are likely to cause financial crisis. It also includes the various forms of financial crises...

Unbundling Vertically Integrated Energy Companies: Benefits to Consumers

Introduction The European Union (EU) has passed regulations that aim at governing the region’s energy sector effectively. The main aim of the legislation is to have separate producers and suppliers from the transmission networks. The unbundling regulations require energy companies to concentrate on production only, leaving out ownership of transmission...

Cryptocurrency in the Modern Economy

Information technology is constantly developing, building on previous innovations, adjusting not only to market trends but also to the changing economic environment. The digital economy is a key factor in the development and rise of the global economy in modern realities. Therefore, there is a growing interest in cryptocurrency, which...

Consumer Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Introduction The onset of Covid-19 in December 2019 was unprecedented since its spread and impact were not imminent at the time. By March 2021, the world had to shut down; movement restrictions were introduced. Social distance, both partial and total lockdowns mandates were also implemented changing human behavior patterns (Mehta,...

Portfolio Theory and Capital Asset Pricing Model Relevance

Introduction Investing in the financial markets is very risky and investors face the possibility of losing their money. Risk in the financial markets refers to the possibility that an investor will not get the expected returns. There are some risks which the investor can do nothing about such as recession,...

Escalating Global Fuel Prices and Its Effects

Abstract Despite many attempts to control the escalating global fuel prices, the efforts have proved to be fruitless. This study proposal examines the history of fuel prices, how they have changed over the years and the subsequent effects that are likely to come along with these increased fuel prices. The...

Supply-Side Policies and Market Productivity

Introduction Economic recessions are particularly troubling times for economies where growth is halted, incomes are lost, and households fail to afford products and services. A recession can be described as a tipping point in the economic cycle where an ongoing growth at the peak reverses and changes into an enduring...

Chinese Currency Growth in Value: Exchange-Rate Determination

Introduction The Chinese currency (Yuan) has been recording a relatively strong performance against the US dollar. Recent data from the year 2007 has indicated that the exchange rate between China and US has been fluctuating with China gaining in most of the cases. At the beginning December 2007, the Chinese...

Plotting Demand and Supply: A Reflection

Understanding the correlation between demand and supply is one of the fundamental requirements for gaining competence in economics. The specified correlation represents the primary ratio that defines the emergence of new companies, the choice of business strategies, and the changes in communication approaches. Therefore, determining the demand and supply curve...

Zero Based Budgeting in Municipalities

Introduction Zero-Based Budgeting is an operational planning and budgeting process that requires managers to justify their entire budget request in detail from scratch. Zero-based budgeting is that technique of decision-making that is the inverse of the current traditional working process. In the standard traditional incremental budgeting, to which ZBB is...

Ford Motor Company: Cash Flow Statement

Introduction In addition to an income statement and a balance sheet statement, a cash flow statement is used in order to conclude regarding the generation and distribution of cash in a company. The analysis of this statement is important to examine possible changes in the cash flows related to a...

Functions of Modern Commercial Banks

A bank is an incorporated institution, the business of which is to receive money on deposit, cash, drafts and checks, make loans, discount commercial paper, make loans, as well as issue banknotes. Banks are monetary organizations that serve the interests of their depositors by ensuring the security of the deposited...

Organizational Structure of Vipshop Holdings Limited

In general, the organizational structure of a company specifies its strategies, authority, formal reporting relationships, controls, procedures, and decision-making processes. Organizational structure helps to formulate specific strategies that may be required for the improvement of the firm’s performance and competitive advantages (Hitt, et al., 2017). Being one of the largest...

Evaluating Marx’s Labor Theory of Value

Notably, one of the renowned sociology theorists is Marx who introduced the labor theory of value which diminishes capitalism. The reason for choosing this discipline and theorist is that it develops a critical understanding regarding the authenticity of the different reasonable prices and the way products should be valued in...

A Business-Related Case Analysis

Business and entrepreneurship play an important role in the economy of the United States. American small, medium, and large corporations have the following ratios: 97–99%, above 1%, less than 0.1% respectively (Burns, 2016). The level of employment in large corporations in the United States exceeds 50 million people. Small (and...

The Limitations of Financial Ratios

Profitability Ratios The inflation of prices affects the financial ratios reported by organizations. Companies usually prepare financial reports, either quarterly, semi-annually, or annually. During these different periods, inflation might occur, leading to the distortion of prices (Rashid, 2018). Eventually, failure to reflect real prices of commodities will emerge in the...

Jamaica’s Economy: Problems and Solutions

Introduction Global economic competitiveness is what every country aims at, and is determined by several factors. These include the legal and administrative framework that governs a country’s institutions, economic policies, labor market efficiency, and economic innovation (Hamalainen 2003). Jamaica’s economy Jamaica is a third world country with an economy that...

Economic Efficiency. Prisoners’ Dilemma in the Market

Introduction Efficiency in communication is not a big deal while taking into account the main definition of economics as concerning relationships between an individual and a group. In this respect, one should bear in mind the fact that prisoners’ dilemma is one of the milestones in this case. The thing...

Increased Government Spending: The AD-AS Model

Executive summary Government spending is a significant determinant of economic development. It greatly affects the direction and speed of the economic development of the country. The main source of funds for the expenditure is taxes. Government spending ensures the provision of essential services while addressing gaps in the market, the...

Business Cycle Indicators: Coincident and Leading Indicators

Differentiating between Coincident and Leading Indicators Coincident indicators are economic factors that show direct, concurrent variations to the prevailing economic trends. These variations occur simultaneously and provide important information regarding the economic status of a business. Personal income and employment in formal sectors are some examples of coincident indicators. Leading...

The NFL Lockout and Its Effect on the Economy

Introduction NFL lockout may be regarded as one of the most prominent economic events in the world of sports in 2011. The reasons for the lockout are analyzed from various perspectives, and the economic consequences of these events are serious enough. The economic theory that may be applied for the...

The Influence of the Market Economy on the Society Development

Introduction The market economy created a new system of production that not only increased the efficiency with which people created goods, but also heightened their quantity. It improved the quality of life of the general population because people could access conveniences that were inconceivable before the 19th Century. Groups of...

Land Supply and Real Estate Development in Hong Kong

Hong Kong for some time now has been under the land supply limitation policy adopted by the government. The limitation of land sully has had a great influence on the real estate industry and the economy of Hong Kong as a whole. This paper examines empirically the effect of land...

“The Broken Window” and “The Blessing of Destruction” in Economics

Introduction In the broken window fallacy, we see the baker losing the window in which he has to part with some fifty dollars to repair it. This loss incurred by the baker turns out to be a gain by some glazier, thus boosting the glass business. This implies that a...

The Features of an Ideal Economy

Introduction Every countries dream is to have an ideal economy but what it is, is not well outlined. In this essay, I shall be discussing this ideal economy, its features, and what is expected from this ideal economy by different stakeholders. For an economy to be ideal the gross domestic...

Economy: Effects of Globalisation

Introduction Globalisation and post industrialisation are terms used to describe changes in nature of economic activity, globalised markets, growth in the service sectors and increased levels of productivity. Work in the current economy stimulated by globalisation seems to be different as compared to the old economy. New economy has brought...

Are MNCs Responsible for Poverty and Violence in Developing Nations?

While multinational corporations (MNCs) play a big role in the development of economies in developing countries, evidence supports that they are responsible for much of the poverty and violence in some developing countries they operate in. Multinational Corporation is a term that is used to refer to the companies that...

Churches in the Arabian Gulf – Arabian Peninsula

The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is made up of the countries that constitute the Arabian Peninsula except for the Republic of Yemen. These countries are Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and the Sultan of Oman. The aim of the GCC, which is largely political, is to...

Discretionary Policy and Time Inconsistency

The classical time-inconsistency problem analysed by Kydland and Prescott (1977) and Barro and Gordon (1983), and followed by a large literature, is based on the following model: y = γ (π – π ) + u , where yt is the log of output (or employment), measured as a deviation...

Zimbabwe Inflation Now Over 1 Million Percent

Introduction Inflation is one of the main problems in third world countries. The article describe the situations in Zimbabwe and evaluates the impact of inflation on the economy and common citizens. In 2008, Zimbabwe becomes a leading country with an “annual inflation rose this month to 1,063,572 percent” (Shaw 2008,...

Three New Original Future Retails Forms or Retail Combinations

Introduction Retail forms or combinations are money spinners for owners and shareholders, but carry a high degree of security and monitoring risks. A certain portion of profits of such businesses is eroded by damages, pilferages, storage losses, and lowered inventory controls, resulting in decay and wastage of items, especially certain...

Is the Right Price a Fair Price

“Prices should reflect the value that consumers are willing to pay. Prices are often set to satisfy demand or to reflect the premium that consumers are willing to pay for a product or service.” The pricing strategy of firms is influenced by the type and lifecycle of the product. Consumers’...

Philippine Financial Institutions: An Overview

Introduction Owing to the strategic position of the country as a trading entrepôt in East Asia – doing a brisk trans-Pacific trade with Mexico for centuries, exporting minerals and forest products to China, trading sugar with (what was then) Great Britain, and cashing in on foreign exchange earnings of Filipino...

American and Canadian Price Levels Comparison

Introduction The United States and Canada are the largest economies in North America. According to Pete (2015), there has been a raging debate as to which of the two countries is best to call home. Factors such as income and cost of living are some of the most important factors...

Hong Kong Economics and Government Policies

The birth rate in Hong Kong had been declining for the past 10 years. What measures can the Hong Kong government do to ensure enough supply of labor in the market for the next 10 to 20 years? In what ways the “low birth rate” will affect the economy of...

Web-Based Shopping: Consumers Attitudes Towards Online Shopping in New Zealand

Introduction This paper “Web-based shopping: Consumers’ attitudes towards online shopping in New Zealand” details an exploratory study conducted by Gurvinder S Shergill and Zhaobin Chen, who attempted to investigate the online buying behavior of people from New Zealand. It was part of a larger study, and the central theme which...

Microeconomics Basics: Scarcity, Cost-Benefit Analysis, and Incentives

Introduction Microeconomics is a branch of economics that studies how individuals, households, and firms make decisions to allocate limited resources typically in markets where goods and services are being bought and sold. It examines how this decision behavior affects the supply and demand for goods and services, which determine prices,...

How Does Perfect Competition Help Us Understand the Efficiency of Markets?

Introduction Ajefu and Barde (2015, p. 20) define a market as “a place where the prices of goods and services are determined.” Comparatively, a perfect market is characterized by the efficient or optimum allocation of resources (Djolov 2014; Maritan & Lee 2017). In this type of market structure, rivals are...

Evaluating Apple’s Stock Performance for Investment Recommendations

The purpose of this letter is to make investment recommendations about the purchase of stock relying on Apple’s financial performance. The calculated ratios indicate that Apple mostly outperforms the Computer Hardware industry. In particular, Apple’s acid test ratio is two times greater than the industry’s average. However, for the past...

“Money, Greed, and God: Why Capitalism Is the Solution and Not a Problem” by Jay Richards

Introduction The last century was marked by a spectacular battle between two powerful economic systems and ideologies: communism and capitalism. By the end of the 21st century, it has become exhaustively clear that capitalism seems to prevail and bring countries to prosperity and economic domination. Communism, on the other hand,...

Spent: Looking for Change

The issue of debt is the most pressing problem that unites the subjects of Spent: Looking for Change. The first subject of the documentary, a young man named Justin reflects on his poverty-stricken childhood and discusses his aspirations of having a successful production company and building a life with his...

Production Costs: Calculating All Major Variables

Introduction No business operates with infinite amount of resources. All production eventually faces the issue of scarcity related to employees, equipment, materials, and other related costs. Determining optimal operations capacity in regards to costs is paramount to minimize expenditures associated with production and maximize profits in short and long-term perspectives....