2113 samples of this type
At approximately the age of 3, children begin to demonstrate their individuality and independence, especially vividly for the first time. They are constantly drawing, assembling, and constructing something, which allows parents to identify their favorite activities. Thus, it is possible to use their preferred toys to develop their abilities. Consequently,...
Introduction Forensic psychology occupies a medium place between psychology and criminal justice. Psychologists working in this sphere assess defendants’ ability to stand trial, evaluate credibility of witness testimonies, provide recommendations for the defendants’ treatment, and deal with the like issues. Like anybody working with human health and life, forensic psychologists...
The short story Rocking Horse Winner portrays destiny of a middle class woman and her family. The story vividly portrays that the woman has “no luck” unable to find the happiness and occupation for herself. Her son, Paul, desires to win at the house races spending much time and efforts...
Abstract Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disorder that requires early diagnoses within the individuals. As a tool for diagnosing the patients in the age between 3 and 22 years, GARS-3 was introduced. GARS-3 represents the third edition of the original scale that was modified in response to the emerging...
Research Topic The research topic of the proposed study is the exploration of the influence of father absenteeism on attachment development in adult women with the focus on the mother-child and female – intimate partner dyads. This study aims at identifying the difference (if any) between the way females (who...
Influence of Neobehaviorism School Neobehaviorism emerged when behaviorism was combined with the ideas of logical positivism. The representatives of the latter believed that scientific statements about the world had to originate from physical observation; otherwise, they would not be scientific (Hergenhahn & Henley, 2014). Like behaviorists, neobehaviorists supposed that stimuli...
Personal Ethics Statement A personal ethics statement is a statement that is written to give an individual an opportunity for a person to be in a position to state and clarify one’s goals and moral principles. In this process, there are stages which one needs to put into consideration before...
The final phase of psychotherapeutic group work is the most difficult one for every participant, as well as for a therapist. Once the therapy comes to an end, such issues as anxiety and uncertainty about the future might arise due to the role of the group in every patient’s recovery...
Are you looking for inspiration for your intrinsic and extrinsic motivation essay? This sample paper will be of great help to you! It will define both types based on theory, provide some examples of how they work, and compare and contrast extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. Read on to gain new...
Introduction Both Erickson’s and Piaget’s developmental theories agree that a child’s development occurs through a sequential transition. Erickson gives eight stages that explain the transition of a child’s development; on the other hand, Piaget gives four. The two theories may be different, but they both show that each stage has...
The Ethical and Social Implications of Testing Confidentiality of results is a cornerstone of psychological research and consent and awareness. The most striking consequences, perhaps sometimes associated with scandals or courts, are connected. Within the scope of the question of voluntary participation, it is difficult to reason when tests are...
Introduction There are two major approaches to understanding the cognitive behavior of children – continuous and discontinuous. Continuity theorists conceptualize a smooth-line development that occurs gradually. At the same time, discontinuity theorists believe that the road to maturity is a series of abrupt changes happening in stages (stepping stones), with...
Introduction The case of a helpful receptionist addresses the question of whether privacy and confidentiality were violated when a receptionist revealed to a husband that his wife came to the counselor. The receptionist shared the information unintentionally, yet they should not disclose private personal information about a client when working...
Natural and applied sciences, such as biology, chemistry, or medicine, are concerned with the research process to understand the physical world and environment. The lens of the sciences is characterized by the methods of observation, hypothesis verification, and experimentation conducted with the goal of obtaining reliable and practical data. Thus,...
Researchers view well-being as the state of general satisfaction of a particular person or a group of people. Currently, there are two main directions in the study of the psychological well-being of a person: eudaimonic and hedonic. Supporters of the eudaimonic school of thought are convinced that the term well-being...
Retail business is one of the largest businesses in terms of revenue generated and certainly the largest business in terms of number of participants. We all are retail buyers and buy different merchandize to satiate our needs and aspirations. Though we all indulge in shopping, there is a special relationship...
Significance of research Death is a natural occurrence in the life of every human being. The loss of a loved one may actually devastate those who are left behind and such life-changing events have affected the plans, priorities and personalities of the individuals closest to the person who has passed...
First, it is of crucial importance to understand that such notions as couple counseling, marriage counseling, or marital therapy denote practically the same process. The only difference is which theory of psychotherapy is preferred by the psychologist, but such diversity of various terms should not create confusion because they are...
Participants For this study, two participants who are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are selected. Namely, three children aged between 9 and 11 years are regarded as the ones having ASD, as stated by the licensed psychologist. All of the participants have language skills, yet they experience a lack...
Psychologists and developmental theorists argue that the culture of a child influences his or her language skills. It is agreeable that children begin to communicate in accordance with their cultural aspects. Saracho (2017) believes strongly that young children begin to recognize sounds of speech and learn the languages spoken in...
Introduction The language-free measure of reasoning, aptitude, and intelligence is referred to as the test of nonverbal intelligence (TONI Test). The test is intended to be used by people from the age of six years up to ninety years. The TONI-3 test takes less than twenty minutes. Toni-3 is a...
The concept of the sensitive line seems fairly simple at first. Implying that everyone has a psychological defense mechanism that is activated once something or someone jeopardizes the existence of a person’s ideal image of self, the sensitive line explains the source of numerous interpersonal conflicts occurring in all domains...
Introduction The contemporary times are characterized with fast-moving lifestyles. Individuals are living on the fast lane, and in the process of making a living, the majority have forgotten to live fruitfully. The economic environment is turbulent, rumors of wars across the globe are all over the news, and natural catastrophes...
Introduction When supervising group therapy, the professional may encounter problems of various kinds. In particular, there is the issue of the difficulty of working in a group where problem clients are present, and the therapy loses effectiveness. Among the most challenging clients, I would single out such types as silent...
Human beings are complex creatures whose thinking processes and behavior depend on their values, morals, and ethics. While frequently being used interchangeably, the three concepts have specific distinctions. At the same time, an individual’s morals, values, and ethics are interconnected and affect one another. Moreover, although not often and not...
The industrial-organizational (I-O) psychologists tend to use special methods when recruiting and selecting staff to ensure the right person will do the job. One of the major methods is the interview; it is typically implemented in mid or large-size companies. The information received from the interview is dynamic, which means...
Introduction Personality tests explore one’s character, but each appraisal has a specific focus. The three tests that I have selected are Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–Adolescent–Restructured Form (MMPI-A-RF), the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R), and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-IV (MCMI-IV). MMPI-A-RF examines pathology in adolescents, NEO-PI-R assesses such major domains of...
Today, animals live in nearly every household. Dogs, cats, parrots, hamsters, and other animals are considered family members. Such a tendency suggests that people become more compassionate while protecting and caring for animals. The interaction between humans and animals has a beneficial effect because it helps people cope with emotional...
Introduction Moral development is the process through which children learn how to act toward others and how to interact with society. It includes learning ideas like politeness, empathy, guilt, shame, and knowing the difference between right and wrong (Van Leeuwen, 2019). Moral standards in behavior, moral conscience, and moral deeds...
Introduction The following essay aims to present the fundamental features of the psychodynamic mechanisms of defense and the Gestalt theory and its elements of boundary disturbances. This work will present the two theories and assess their similarities and differences before concluding on the implications these discoveries have for therapeutic processes....
As all living beings in nature, an individual develops assimilating the experience that humankind has accumulated throughout its existence. Human development is a complex and contradictory process initiated by many forces: biological, cultural, and internal motives and external influences. This process starts from the moment of birth and lasts until...
Psychology suggests multiple theories on determining persons’ career predispositions, considering various factors, including upbringing, hobbies, character, etc. Job advisers often push their clients to make judgements they might not be ready for, which can frequently lead to impulsive decisions. Planned happenstance philosophy has changed traditional occupation counselling, suggesting that it...
Sigmund Freud argued that children develop psychologically through five distinct stages. Each phase is characterized by different erotogenic zones and personal conflicts (Desai, 2018). During infancy (birth to 1 year), the child draws much pleasure by placing things in the mouth. Oral stimulation makes the baby trustful and comfortable due...
One of the most interesting, crucial, and challenging processes people can witness is the emergence of a new life – a new person. It is hard to disagree that for later health and successful development of children, the early years of their lives are of vital importance (“Early brain development...
Cognition and Learning have proved to be a very useful course for me. All the topics covered in the course were of great interest and importance for me. However, there is one specific thing that resonated with me most: the idea of Gestalt-approach to problem-solving. According to this theory, finding...
Outline Personality is a word that originates from persona, a Latin word referring to a mask. Therefore personality’s study is related to the study that analyses masks worn by human beings. These masks are characters displayed and projected by human beings including their psychological experiences otherwise known as self. Personality...
The character of Rodney McKay on the television show “Stargate Atlantis” proves to be most interesting. His behavior makes for an interesting blend of comedy and cynicism especially when he displays a blatant disregard for the feelings and needs of others. In one episode of Stargate Atlantis, he is given...
Introduction The groundbreaking technologies of the late 20th and early 21st century have affected not only the professional lives but also the personal lives of people all over the world. While innovative devices were at first designed strictly for professional use, they soon became so popular that they have begun...
Introduction Motivation is a psychological factor that drives one to take action towards specific set goal. It ensures that individuals’ behavior is oriented towards that goal. Motivation can therefore qualify as a driving force since it propels one towards achieving the aim. It can also be referred to as an...
According to Piaget and Vygotsky, private speech is the act of communicating with oneself for the purposes of self-guidance and self-regulation. Private speech is normally characteristic of children aged from two to seven. Piaget argued that the notion of private speech represents a developmental dead-end, in contrast to his views,...
Personal loss “occurs when someone loses something precious in his or her life” (Leming & Dickinson, 2011, p. 26). This kind of loss occurs after the death of a beloved person. Personal loss is usually associated with deep emotions, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Bereavement and grief describe the emotional responses...
Introduction Daniel Kahneman analyzes and discusses the contemporary understanding of opinion and decision-making cut from psychological findings. The past recent decades uncovered these psychological findings. The findings answer questions regarding cognitive biases, decision-making outside laboratories, when real incentives were vulnerable, immunity amongst smart people, and the possibilities that biases are...
Introduction Divorce can be challenging for a family since the couples are discovering new ways to relate to each other and trying new parenting techniques. Children are tenacious, and the breakup changeover can be perceived as an improvement rather than a panic if they receive assistance. Since children involved in...
Self-determination theory (SDT) suggests that people are inclined to growth and change. The theory posits that human beings have three fundamental needs necessary for psychological growth: autonomy, competence, and relatedness (Ryan & Deci, 2020). Autonomy refers to a sense of choice, initiative, or ownership over one’s behavior. People prefer feeling...
Humans have levels of awareness that profoundly determine our perspective on the nature of reality. The conscious and subconscious minds determine the decisions and actions in response to stimuli. However, there is little focus on the power of the subconscious mind in managing situations of psychological distress, which often leads...
Introduction Modern life is filled with sources of stress that can destroy a person’s life unless they have healthy coping mechanisms. However, selecting and applying said techniques requires sufficient knowledge of theories and concepts related to one’s mental status. It is up to psychologists to consult people on dealing with...
In the practice of psychotherapy, there are a large number of significant figures who have made personal contributions to a deeper understanding of the cognitive functions and capacities of human consciousness. This is also true of the American psychotherapist Bill O’Hanlon. As of this writing, O’Hanlon is a living contemporary...
In this psychobiography, the intimate details of Viola Davis’s life from childhood to the present day are woven together to create a woman’s powerful story. Her determination and drive allowed her to overcome many obstacles on her journey to becoming one of the most celebrated actresses in Hollywood today. Viola...
The aim of this research study is to explain the metaphysical secretes of manifesting money. Three research objectives guide this paper. They are focused on investigating the relationship between people’s ability to attract money and the law of attraction, to find out the role of spirituality in explaining people’s ability...
Introduction and Background Mother Teresa was a missionary and nun in the Catholic Church, born in Albania, Macedonia, in 1910 to the family of Nikola and Dranafile Bojaxhiu. She became a teacher in India for more than 17 years before becoming the headmistress of Loreto convent, Calcutta, in 1944 (Morariu,...
Ernest Hemingway and his works have become unique cultural phenomena in their own right due to the immense importance of the revolutionized approach to literature. Moreover, the writer’s biography not only allows for a better understanding of his works but also helps realize the spirit of an entire generation. The...
Every person is afraid of something; fears often guide people through life without them realizing it. Some people are fearful of being vulnerable, so they never open up to others. Some people are scared of being let down, so they do everything on their own. Some people are afraid of...
Child abuse can be emotional, sexual, and physical, but all its forms may lead to severe psychological problems. The effects vary from social discomfort to dangerous pathologies, making it difficult for clinicians to treat the problem. The more information specialists learn about the complex factors that influence abused children’s psychological...
Social facilitation and social loafing are closely-related terms that explain the changes in performance based on the presence of others. Both of the terms are a part of group behavior. While facilitation occurs when the presence of others affects the performance of individuals in either a good or bad way,...
Introduction Human development and the resources people could use to achieve perfection in their growth are frequently discussed in different fields, including social sciences, psychology, and health care. During the last several centuries, researchers, philosophers, and writers are interested in what could determine human traits and abilities. There is one...
Introduction The first video named the Stanford Prison Experiment presents a real socio-psychological experiment held in 1971. The US Navy sponsored the study as they had intentions to reveal the reasons for severe conflicts between the guards and the prisoners in the prisons (Vsauce, 2018). Phillip Zimbardo, the lead researcher,...
Childhood is the age when the character and habits of the children are formed. Children’s perception of the world is based on what they see and what they hear. Children are like sponges, they absorb everything around them. That is why children should be read-only children literature, which influences their...
In life, children must pass through several stages and they take specific steps on their way to becoming adults. Usually, there are four stages which people take towards becoming adults; there is infancy which if of the children at the age of two years, early childhood is the age between...
Introduction By applying Piaget’s theory of cognitive-developmental stages, one can say that A. has reached the pre-occupational stage. At this level, an individual should be able to use simple logic, take the viewpoints of other people, and classify various objects. A child aged between 2 and 5 should also have...
Abstract The environment plays a significant role in the physical development of children in middle childhood. Exposure to diverse environmental settings results in children acquiring various skills. Additionally, it is during middle childhood that kids start to assume duties in their families. Scholars regard middle childhood (Ages between 6 and...
Introduction The subject is a white male in the early adulthood developmental stage. He experienced emotional and physical abuse as a child and has a history of substance abuse, which affected his progression through developmental stages as defined by Erikson. The first stage of psychosocial development by Erikson is infancy,...
Introduction Many scholars in the psychology field define child development as biological, psychological and emotional transformation of a child from birth until when he or she reaches late teenage-hood, where he or she can make wise uncompelled decisions. Genetic factors and external happenings during pregnancy and before birth significantly affect...
Forensic psychologists play critical roles in court cases. They help the judges to investigate the claims from a professional dimension. They can probe the defendant and contribute towards providing critical evidence that can guide the court towards making the right judgment. The Roles of a Forensic Psychologist in a Death...
Are you about to write a Vygotsky vs. Piaget essay? Then, check out our essay sample to get some ideas and inspiration! Here, you’ll find differences and similarities between Piaget vs. Vygotsky cognitive development theories. Abstract Numerous theories explain the process of cognitive development from childhood to adulthood. However, the...
Abstract Emotions are a complex and often challenging part of the everyday life of modern individuals. Emotions are present at all times and in every situation we face. Sometimes they are quite pleasant and relaxing, and sometimes they are confusing and frustrating. Both positive and negative emotions have one important...
Introduction Psychologists have demonstrated increased interest in understanding the factors that come into play for people to admire and like others. The general consensus is that people have different conceptualizations of what they find attractive, hence the need to understand how they arrive at decisions on what is admirable or...
Introduction In most parts of history, child development – which shows the different stages of the development of a child – was ignored. Children were assumed smaller versions of adults. The details in the development of a child were not keenly looked at previously. These changes are evident during childhood....
Abstract Sexual disorders refer to any physical or mental conditions that causes disturbance to the normal functioning of the body, thus preventing one from desiring or enjoying sex. Both men and women suffer from sexual disorders, albeit in varying degrees. Common causes of sexual disorders in both men and women...
The complexities and challenges of child development cannot, in any way, be wished away. In equal measure, the optimal growth and development of a child are deemed not only important for the parents and family members, but also for the whole society. As such, it is critically important to understand...
Introduction Attachment theory provides a framework for understanding the development of relationships between parents and their influence on the child’s later life. In the first part of the 20th century, it was believed that children formed attachments to people who fed them (Fonagy 2018). John Bowlby questioned these assumptions and...
Introduction The majority of people have been trying to change something in their lives for years, struggling to find an effective solution to their problems. According to the trans-theoretical model of behavioral change, change is a process with a number of stages (Hanson, 2020). They cannot be missed; everyone has...
It can be challenging to determine whether a patient’s issue or symptom becomes severe enough to warrant a diagnosis of a mental illness, especially for novice practitioners. All clinicians can benefit from using the Four D’s, which stand for deviance, dysfunction, distress, and danger, to evaluate reported characteristics, symptoms, or...
Personality psychology focuses on the differences and similarities in various patterns of personality. A personality is a combination of traits, feelings, and thoughts that define a person as unique and dissimilar to others. Personality consists of motivation, behavior, and emotions, and each of these patterns influences how people view themselves...
Many theorists have developed various developmental theories to explain the cognitive developmental stages. One of the famous theorists is Jean Piaget, a Swiss national born to Rebecca Jackson and Arthur Piaget. At age ten, he was interested in animals and wrote a scientific paper on an albino sparrow. He studied...
Introduction Many prominent psychologists have been discussing the theme of genius and the elements regarding it. Zimbardo, Johnson, and McCann have also contributed to the exploration of the topic. To understand the principles of how people become geniuses, it is vital to examine the core concepts of thinking and intelligence...
Introduction Psychologists use different research methods to study sex and relationships. These methods can be either quantitative or qualitative. Quantitative research may consist of surveys, self-report questionnaires, measurements, experimental studies, correlational designs, laboratory and ethological studies, psychometric scales, etc. Qualitative research gathers data through interviews, document and text analyses, observations,...
Introduction Critical thinking requires more than problem-solving, but also the ability to predict the possible outcomes of an occurrence based on previous experience and acquired skills. It can be divided further into comparative reasoning, ideological reasoning, and empirical reasoning. These different types of reasoning help a person to derive a...
John Watson is considered to be the founder of behaviorism, a psychological theory that focuses on visible behavior while diminishing the notion of consciousness (Malone, 2014). He firmly believed that every human has the same set of reflective responses, which can be influenced by the use of a process called...
Introduction Autism can be “defined as a complex developmental disability that normally appears during the first three years of life and is as a result of a neurological disorder that affects the normal functioning of the brain.” (Parker, p. 3) Researches conducted in the past indicate that biological causes are...
Introduction Friendship is a conception that has always got different ideologies from people. People tend to have a diverse perceptions about the issue of friendship. From a general perspective, friendship can be viewed as a relationship based on intimacy. However, the intimacy within friendship normally varies as some people may...
Abstract Human interaction is subject to several variables that directly or indirectly affect the quality of human relations. However, such variables don’t uniformly affect all individuals in the same setting. Family relationships have been identified to be the primary influence of human interaction. Most individuals act out the quality of...
Introduction The concept of self in social psychology is a complex matter that has been thoroughly studied. The self and identity are formed by interaction with social entities, such as other people, groups and organisations. These groups exist within the social world that contains rules and norms that regulate the...
Introduction Many intentions to understand human behaviors and the work of the human mind were made in the past and are observed in modern practice. Psychology is one of the crucial fields, the goal of which is to enhance human knowledge through discussing the development of cognitive processes, social behaviors,...
Introduction Fluent speech and appropriate language use are some of the key prerequisites for further academic success and normal functioning of an individual in the society. Speech and language development is a complex, gradual process that has its own pace and important milestones. Sometimes, this process is impeded due to...
Introduction Brain plasticity, also referred to as neuroplasticity or neural plasticity, has been researched for many decades and various discoveries have led to the development of effective methods and strategies to treat numerous disorders. Interest in this phenomenon was sparked at the end of the 19th century and scientists promoted...
Abstract This research paper investigated the primary constructs of Adlerian theory. The work includes several parts, namely, the introduction, the main part, and the conclusion. The introduction describes what will be discussed in the frames of this paper, the structure of the work, as well as its key ideas and...
Introduction Memory is a complex interconnection of mechanisms serving a wide variety of purposes. In the most basic terms, it is responsible for the acquisition, storage, and retrieval of information on conscious and subconscious levels. The following paper discusses the differences between two such mechanisms, namely working memory and procedural...
What biological, psychological, physical environmental, sociocultural, behavioral, and health system factors are influencing this situation? The first problem stems from Mrs. Brown’s age (48-years-old). It is likely that she is already entering into her menopausal stage and, as such, the hormonal variances that she is experiencing are contributing towards her...
Introduction The play years are very important in a child’s development and learning since they form the basis of its future. Two different children will never develop or learn in the same way. This paper follows the life of Kennedy who is 5 years old. I will use theories and...
Locke’s memory metaphor tabula rasa reflects the idea that a person acquires knowledge in the process of gaining experience from the surrounding world. Therefore, when a human is born, his/her mind is empty. All individuals are equal in terms of position, status, and potential to expand their knowledge. Nowadays, the...
Introduction Social Cognitive Theory is one of the models that are used to explain the behavioral patterns of an individual. Developed in 1931 by Harold Brown and Edwin Holt, the relevance of the theory has increasingly become evident in our current society. According to Flower (2009), modern psychologists have been...
Generally, science is a field that organizes and puts knowledge into provable experiments in real-life situations. Science is comprised of several areas of study, amongst them being psychology. Psychology is a field in science that deals with the thinking capability of an individual and his actions and activities. A human...
When the psychotherapeutic group successfully reaches the working phase, the clients and the leader may concentrate on the specific issues that made them participate in the therapy. By this stage, the group has acquired such characteristics as a considerable degree of cohesion, empathy, trust, and support. Cox, Owen, and Ogrodniczuk...
Big Ideas of Social Psychology: Essay Introduction Social psychology studies have helped to build societal thinking about life. There are many ideological thoughts about people’s behaviors. The different beliefs shape the way people do things. The paper would explain the three big ideas in social psychology and give reasons why...
Introduction Music is probably the most abstract and difficult to understand the sort of art. For centuries scholars have been trying to explain the purpose of listening to music, creating it, and the way it can impact a human mind. Schäfer, Sedlmeier, Städtler, and Huron state that the common aim...
Introduction To promote proper development in a child, one must consider their characteristics and identify the temperament that a child is most likely to have. Despite the fact that there are only three possible results, the unique combinations of nine traits, as well as different degrees of their intensity, allow...
Introduction Developmental psychology is a branch of psychology that targets the development of people and their behavior over time. The research in this field touches upon various theoretical areas, including biopsychology, social psychology, studies of emotions, and cognitive psychology (McLeod, 2012, sec. 1). Despite being a relatively new approach, developmental...
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is quite a wide-spread and complex health problem. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends screening all children for autism. In some cases, autism symptoms are not severe, but some patients cannot lead a standard lifestyle. The word “spectrum” is used because there is a wide variety...
Self-Esteem and Its Role in Promoting and Resolving Stress Self-esteem underscores confidence in one’s beliefs and values. It emerges from attitudes that a person develops towards something, which could be a personal vision such as career objectives, lifestyles, and other personal responsibilities. Psychologists argue that attitudes mold characters that one...
Evaluating the intelligence rates in young children is crucial to the understanding of their needs, the assessment of the problems that children at the specified age may have, and locating any possible issues in their development (Jasinski, 2012). Therefore, applying an appropriate tool for measuring children’s intelligence is crucial to...
Introduction The article “Little Girls or Little Women, The Disney Princess Effect” focuses on the impact that the “Disney Princess Culture” has had on the emotional and psychological development of young girls. Its line of reasoning focuses on the princess culture creating an adverse mindset in little girls wherein they...
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi is a renowned professor of psychology and the author of the book “Flow and Psychology of Discovery and Invention” and is the latest book by the professor. In this book, creativity is closely examined by the author and clearly brought out in the chapters though some people believe...
Introduction Philosophical theories play a significant role in trying to define human nature. Although human nature cannot be entirely described due to its complexity, there are several constant traits common to most people. I believe human nature is rational in decision-making; people try to make sense of the world through...
Introduction Deviant behavior refers to actions or beliefs that deviate from social norms and are considered unacceptable by the majority of society. Pop culture, including television shows, movies, music, and books, often portrays deviant behavior as a way to challenge societal norms and bring attention to controversial issues. This portrayal...
Introduction Humans are driven by intrinsic motivation, which affects their behavior, choices, and outcomes. Among the many frameworks that attempt to explain what drives people to take action, Expectancy Theory is particularly well-known. This essay will discuss the benefits and drawbacks of Expectancy Theory and how it relates to my...
Introduction Foster care is becoming increasingly prevalent in the United States. Various circumstances, including high mortality and other crimes, mainly cause the growth. Foster care is sometimes viewed as a temporary home for children, especially those with no one to look after them. Children can also enter foster care if...
Introduction Every era faces unique challenges, and the ability of one generation to connect to another can sometimes be challenging. Additionally, recognizing the worries and fears of young people today is a battlefield many contend with. Guardians may wish to understand and assist their child, but knowing where to start...
Introduction The Hierarchy is a psychological theory describing how humans transition from one level to another in terms of self-actualization. It is a pyramid model that describes the psychological motivation towards one’s basic needs, with individuals at the base and society at the top (Fallatah & Syed, 2018). Underneath each...
Counseling and psychotherapy play an important role in human well-being, and theories create a solid background for therapy implementation. The existential theory explains people’s experiences in a meaningful and responsible way to encourage free will and self-determination (Tan, 2011). Gestalt theory, in its turn, focuses on processes with the help...
Introduction The origins of the attachment styles can be found in child psychology and child-parent relationship studies. John Bowlby, a famous British psychologist, described several concepts that defined attachment theory. First of all, Bowlby created the concept of secure attachment, when children are comforted by the attachment figure’s closeness (Sutton,...
Introduction Professional therapy is a technique that has substantially gained ground over other therapeutic solutions used to address individuals’ distress and mental health issues. While some approaches focus on altering attitudes, others target individuals’ behaviors. The methods help individuals come to terms with life and improve their perspectives by targeting...
Early adulthood is one of the crucial periods in the continued formation of personality, and many essential changes occur during this period. One of the psychological approaches that aim to explain and interpret this period is Erikson’s theory. Erikson interprets early adulthood as a time of the interplay between intimacy...
Introduction Freud’s theory of child development focuses on personality, and it defines how an individual behaves, feels, and thinks. Therefore, a child grows up unique depending on the issues they went through when they were young. As a child grows, they develop long-term characteristics that they hold throughout their life,...
Abstract Young children are particularly vulnerable to different forms of trauma. Abuse and neglect of kids continue to increase at an overwhelming rate. The literature and research findings presented in this paper discuss early childhood susceptibility to trauma, symptoms, diagnostic legitimacy of early childhood trauma, and treatment approaches for youngsters....
Ecological rationality is a theory that focuses on decision-making processes depending on the particular context a decision is made. As put by Mata et al. (2012), “the notion of ecological rationality sees human rationality as the result of the adaptive fit between the human mind and the environment” (p. 1)....
Stress is a biopsychosocial phenomenon, as it affects a person’s physical well-being, emotional stability, and social interactions. Stress can also be explained by a myriad of biopsychosocial factors that contribute to its development described by Sarafino and Smith (2017). First, stress is correlated with social support, which implies that increased...
Behaviorism appeared as a critical response to psychoanalytic theory that was suggested by Sigmund Freud. Many notable psychologists such as Edward Thorndike, John Watson, Ivan Pavlov, Burrhus Skinner, and others were convinced that in order to explain natural laws of human behavior, psychology should develop scientific methodology and conduct an...
Introduction Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory of development is one of the approaches toward explaining the factors that influence adolescents in their pre-school period of life. In this respect, observers should look at the peculiarities of systems existing around a child’s space. The thing is that the developmental processes in a child...
Show how the various aspects of ‘egoic’ consciousness During the course of recent decade, it became a gesture of good taste, on the part of many politicians in Western countries, to praise the collectivist values of “spirituality” and “closeness to earth”, while actively opposing them against the individualist/euro-centric values of...
Introduction Human beings are by nature social beings and therefore it can be understood that at one time in a person’s life, a person must establish a relationship of a particular nature. Relationships come in various forms and they involve a certain degree of intimacy. People enter into relationships optimistic...
Introduction Psychologists have examined the growth of human beings from infancy to adulthood. They have focused on the aspects that contribute to personality traits, the way of living, and also mental development. Of keen interest are the effects of some stimuli of human development for example does genetics pre-program an...
The Nature of Emotional intelligence The term Emotional Intelligence (EI) is a widely accepted term which means the ability or a special and professed skill to make out, evaluate, and manage the emotions of one’s self, others and particular groups. There are three models of Emotional Intelligence. Ability EI Models,...
Cultural history Trances can be defined as the mental pictures, descriptions, and reflections in the mind while sleeping. The episodes seen are usually impractical or doubtful in the real sense. The person in a trance generally has no power over the actions dreamt. Some scenes in a trance can be...
The contemporary world of high technical and technological support provides many opportunities for making business online. In this respect, gambling stays in the first position among other entertainments on the Internet. Being a sphere of solely adult concernment, the situation shifts toward rejuvenation. More and more teenagers are getting involved...
Sexuality is a part of each person’s development, and studying even one’s own sexuality is a life-long process. Despite all the diversity of people, there still exist universal processes concerning human sexuality. One of such processes is the sexual response cycle which follows one and the same pattern, irrespective of...
Introduction The concept of ‘here and now’ in group facilitation or psychotherapy has more relevance in interpersonal therapy and greatly influences group processes. It refers to the state of the conscious mind of the group members seen as the group reacts to circumstances or issues created in the context of...
Introdaction Among the myriad differences between rich and poor people is the manner in which they are influenced by and respond to depression. From environmental to social and cultural to chemical, the divergent factors that categorize depression as having separate indicators and consequences. Among other methods, organizational therapy employs the...
US psychologist Alfred Adler developed a theory that linked a child’s personality to its order of birth. Adler’s theory postulates that a middle child in the family may feel squeezed out of a position of privilege and significance. It may even be tempered and have a take it or leave...
Introduction Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a psychological issue that is typified by extreme apprehension about events and actions. This excessive worry negatively impacts daily functioning, and individuals are concerned about health matters, destiny, family issues, monetary and work problems, and friendship outcomes. In this context, patients may present with...
Introduction Professionals must counselors must possess adequate skills and competencies. They should also develop superior philosophies to meet their clients’ needs. Attributes such as ethics, morality, justice, and integrity must guide them whenever supporting their beneficiaries. This paper gives a detailed literature review of informed consent and code of ethics....
Critical thinking is a way of thinking in which the critical thinkers arrive at conclusion through logical means. It can be viewed as a logical way of arriving at a conclusion. A critical thinker uses reasoning and logic in order to understand the truth as opposed to mere opinions. Skills...
The Most Difficult Type of Client (s) To Work With In Treatment Group counseling is important for character transformation and psychological treatment. Professional counselors act as stewards during group counseling sessions (Harel, Shectman & Cutrona, 2012). Ideally, a standard group counseling session is normally composed of persons from different backgrounds....
Do Kendra’s presenting problems result from patterns of interaction with others? Indeed, Kendra seems to be having personal problems especially when it comes to interacting with other people. It is evident from the case study that she feels quite uncomfortable mixing with peers and other acquaintances. For instance, she is...
In life, human beings go through a process of development. Many theorists have come up with ways of explaining the development through stages or a continuous series. There is a need to examine the theories that explain the steps to understand this growth pattern. The inside-out and outside-in approaches also...
Introduction Multiple murders at the hands of a lone gunman typically characterize mass shootings in the United States. The cold-blooded murder of innocent people never fails to traumatize the survivors or the loved ones left behind. Mass shootings add another trauma-inducing layer as the murders were committed in a public...
Introduction Biology is regarded to play a certain role in the development of specific characteristics related to personality. Similar genes inherited by children from their parents influence their behavior. Although this approach might be argued by some psychologists, the impact of biological differences in personality is obvious. The purpose of...
Prochaska and DiClemente’s model examines the process of behavioral change by dividing it into stages. It is based on the understanding that people do not change behaviors rapidly but rather progress through the change gradually and dynamically (Summers, 2016). The model has been used in various studies to assess the...
Introduction The mind is the manifestation of day to day experiences. This brings to the limelight processes like thought, cognition, emotion, goals, memory and imagination that take place within the brain. It refers to the thought process of reason. The mind is the awareness of consciousness, the ability to recognize...
Introduction Defining postmodern therapy Life is based on certain common beliefs held by people unanimously. Postmodern therapy is a field in psychology that concentrates on deconstructing these beliefs as well as examining their value in a person’s life (Mikulincer & Shaver, 2001). Some of the subjects where postmodern therapy has...
Abstract Communication anxiety is one of the most common fears in the United States. It appears in particular contexts such as interviewing for a position, speaking in an unfamiliar environment, meeting new people, asking someone for a date, writing a letter, partaking in a wide range of public speaking situations,...
Personality has been defined as a set of psychological characteristics that differentiate one person from another. Personality starts developing soon after birth and continues throughout life. Many psychologists believe that personality is determined by early childhood development involving both experiences and growth environment. Personality involves a set of constant and...
Introduction This paper will provide a detailed discussion on the work done by crisis intervention counselors. It will highlight what the counselors do in terms of their duties and responsibilities. How the counselors help people and the theories they use to perform their duties will also be discussed. In addition,...
The 21st Century has been characterised by a multicultural and diverse society (Cavaluzzi, 2010). The proportion of children taking English as a second language is also increasing tremendously. A survey carried out on London schools in 2000 showed that the children spoke more than 300 languages (Edwards, 2004). Statistics show...
Societal Perceptions of Mental Illness Today Mental illness today is treated with more sensitivity and understanding than in the past. There is greater awareness regarding the complexities and nuances of mental health, leading to a more empathetic approach. Don Quixote’s Madness in the Novel Conversely, Don Quixote’s madness in the...
Introduction Sleep is a function necessary for recovering mentally and physically from the time we have spent awake. Sleep deprivation can harm a person’s mental and physical health, their performance at school or work, and their overall quality of life (Davis, 2020). Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder It is...
One can agree that family relationships are vital for the proper development of kids and the establishment of adequate morals and values. Unfortunately, not all adults are able to fulfill their parenting roles effectively. In many cases, parents fail to maintain positive and nurturing connections with their offspring, which has...
Intelligence, nature vs. nurture, and genetics play a significant role in human intelligence and the overall thinking process. This argument is explicitly informed by several studies involving these central concepts of the general being. Although some of the concepts are controversial, for instance, that ‘human language is learned through reinforcement’,...
Introduction Consideration of the psychological profile and attempts to explain the behavior of serial offenders is usually quite complicated, as it contains many variables that do not allow determining something universal for all offenders. Nevertheless, behavioral theories describe some correlation between biological, social, and psychological factors that might contribute to...
In the process of providing counseling services, it is essential to use the most effective tools. Among them, a mental status examination or MSE can be distinguished. This method helps get information about the patient’s mental state and is widely used in both non-neurological and psychiatric practice by many specialists....
LeBron James The legendary basketball player LeBron James is regarded as one of the sport’s all-time greats. James achieved a great deal of achievement both on and off the field. Many factors have contributed to his success; two theories can help explain it: social learning theory and cognitive development theory....
