2181 samples of this type
Among other psychoanalytic theories of development, Erikson’s theory stands as most comprehensive. It is substantial, and comprehensive about development stages from childhood to adulthood and beyond. Other theories, like Freud, Piaget’s, Gilligan’s, and Kohlberg’s provide a less substantial overview. Erikson’s theory provides a very accurate approach to moral development. In...
Managing Emotions-Strategy to Control Depression and Stress By GS Virk This article begins by acknowledging that conflicting emotions, just like thoughts, are a strong limitation in our mind. It goes on to say that stress and emotional management can be achieved through a habitual practice of the awareness of positive and...
Introduction In daily life people engage in situations in their work, relationships, commitments, managing time, etc they feel nervous irritable and under pressure and hence they get stressed. Virtually, all people at one time or another are faced with such kind of situation. Stress is manifested through such symptoms as...
Introduction John Nash, the protagonist in the chef-d’oeuvre film, A Beautiful Mind, suffers from paranoid schizophrenia. At the start of the movie, Nash introduces himself to students and attempts to make a joke, but he offends other graduates by referring to their work as unoriginal before boasting how he would...
Research Topic The research topic of the proposed study is the exploration of the influence of father absenteeism on attachment development in adult women with the focus on the mother-child and female – intimate partner dyads. This study aims at identifying the difference (if any) between the way females (who...
Societal Perceptions of Mental Illness Today Mental illness today is treated with more sensitivity and understanding than in the past. There is greater awareness regarding the complexities and nuances of mental health, leading to a more empathetic approach. Don Quixote’s Madness in the Novel Conversely, Don Quixote’s madness in the...
Collaborative therapy is a philosophical and postmodern treatment model which encourages and promotes a change process that assists clients in finding solutions through mutual relations between them and therapists. The therapy process is collaborative and meaning-making and mainly occurs in conversations between the two parties. Moreover, it is generative and...
Introduction Every era faces unique challenges, and the ability of one generation to connect to another can sometimes be challenging. Additionally, recognizing the worries and fears of young people today is a battlefield many contend with. Guardians may wish to understand and assist their child, but knowing where to start...
It can be challenging to determine whether a patient’s issue or symptom becomes severe enough to warrant a diagnosis of a mental illness, especially for novice practitioners. All clinicians can benefit from using the Four D’s, which stand for deviance, dysfunction, distress, and danger, to evaluate reported characteristics, symptoms, or...
Power has been recognized as a significant variable in the study of sex and sexual behavior. These behaviors include social, relational, and individual variables. Power is considered a substantial variable in aspects of social relationships and romantic relationships. Women tend to have a more negative attitude towards premarital sex, unlike...
Psychology suggests multiple theories on determining persons’ career predispositions, considering various factors, including upbringing, hobbies, character, etc. Job advisers often push their clients to make judgements they might not be ready for, which can frequently lead to impulsive decisions. Planned happenstance philosophy has changed traditional occupation counselling, suggesting that it...
Myers & Dewall (2018) identify the beginning of psychology history in 387 B.C.E. when Plato identified the brain to be a centrum for the mental process. At the same time, Aristotle believed the heart to be a core organ that is responsible for mental decisions in 335 B.C.E (Myers &...
Often known as Industrial and Organizational psychology, the discipline seeks to look at how psychology can be applied at the workplaces in various organizations. Organizational psychologists through well conducted research and devised strategies significantly make contributions towards the success of the organization owing to the enhanced work output and improved...
Violence among youth has drastically increased in recent times. This problem of violence has become a global phenomenon whereby youth from all walks of life are engaged in violence. It seems there must be an internal or an external driving force that entices the youth to engage in acts of...
Henry Murray Henry Murray’s need based motivation theory is open to numerous criticisms. The most widely cited criticism is by Witt and Wright (1992) who said that though this theory is very useful in understanding the different needs of the consumer, but this theory is incapable of illustrating how those...
Introduction Human behavior is the subject matter of behavior modification. Behavior is what people do and say (Miltenberger, 2011). The characteristics that define behavior are as follows. Behavior involves a person’s actions. It is described with action verbs. Behavior is not a static characteristic of the person. Behaviors have one...
Personal Ethics Statement A personal ethics statement is a statement that is written to give an individual an opportunity for a person to be in a position to state and clarify one’s goals and moral principles. In this process, there are stages which one needs to put into consideration before...
Introduction In the article “When Your Child Is a Psychopath,” Hagerty presents multiple stories of people whose lives were and are affected by these persons’ childhood behaviors and their personalities. The author also discusses some interesting findings in the sphere of childhood psychiatry, particularly concerning psychopathy and similar traits. The...
Living in a certain environment, one inevitably observes it and interacts with its components. A human being exists among other people, communicates with them, and finally inquires what differs each person and particularly themselves. Under the conditions of the constantly changing world, self-perception is also fluid and context-dependent (Dickerson, 2012)....
Craig Gilner from It’s Kind of a Funny Story Description The character Craig Gilner in It’s Kind of a Funny Story is the protagonist in the film. He dreams about the future. When the movie starts, he is seen yearning to commit suicide on the Brooklyn Bridge. The character grows...
Introduction Billy Milligan is a man known for his multiple personality diagnosis. His case is causing much controversy as to whether his mental disorder was real, or whether it was a way to get away with his crimes. 24 subpersonalities of Milligan are described, 10 of which were the main...
Introduction Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development is an important framework for understanding the personality of an individual. It assumes that people move through the three levels of moral development during their life. At the same time, the moral understanding of every person is associated with cognitive development (Gibbs, 2019). Discussion...
Introduction Modern life is filled with sources of stress that can destroy a person’s life unless they have healthy coping mechanisms. However, selecting and applying said techniques requires sufficient knowledge of theories and concepts related to one’s mental status. It is up to psychologists to consult people on dealing with...
The psychodynamic theory, otherwise known as psychanalytical theory, describes that humans develop through phases where they encounter different challenges of bodily needs and societal demand standards. The ability to address these challenges as they grow describes a person’s potential to acquire knowledge and interact with other people to control uneasiness....
Introduction With the aging process, various changes occur in the human body, which are not always positive. Hence, late adults have a greater predisposition to the occurrence of serious diseases. These can be diseases of organs and various systems, for example, cardiac or vascular. In late adulthood, there is a...
Encouragement is a well-known subject in psychotherapy, being utilized in a variety of approaches and popularized by figures such as Alfred Adler. However, other figures place far less importance on the concept of encouragement. As a primary example, Carl Rogers does not use encouragement in his psychotherapeutic approaches and practice....
Cognition and intelligence are two related terms related to human and animal mental processes. According to the dictionary, cognition is a “form of awareness, such as perceiving, conceiving, remembering, reasoning, judging, imagining, and problem-solving” (APA, 2015, p. 201). Intelligence is defined as the “ability to derive information, learn from experience,...
Ulric Neisser opened a conference on Practical Aspects of Memory with his article “Memory: What Are the Important Questions” in 1978. The author aims to find out why people recall sources differently, how it is possible to remember things, or what can be done to train the memory skill. Although...
Abstract The experiment investigated the impact of the touch and hunt-and-peck typing methods on speed and accuracy aspects. A Black/African American female senior UNF undergraduate student was considered for the experiment. The entire activity ran from Monday, February 22nd, 2021 to April 16, 2021, starting from 6:00 p.m. to 6:10...
Introduction While undertaking their daily activities, humans underscore available opportunities, personal capacities, and innate trajectory toward psychological well-being and personal growth. Different theories give varying outlooks of traditional humanistic psychology. They advance and refine these perspectives by emphasizing the self as the central causal object in people’s functioning. In light...
Children are much more vulnerable to various adverse effects of the environment than adults. Therefore, meeting the needs of a younger generation in the psychological sphere is a crucial element of their successful growth and development. A school period is a time when many boys and girls face considerable mental...
Ecological rationality is a theory that focuses on decision-making processes depending on the particular context a decision is made. As put by Mata et al. (2012), “the notion of ecological rationality sees human rationality as the result of the adaptive fit between the human mind and the environment” (p. 1)....
Abstract This paper is an assessment of the nature of intelligence. It is an exploration of what intelligence means in a psychological context. The measurements of intelligence will be related to the definitions to see how they contribute to these definitions. It will look at a selected few intelligence and...
Appearance, identity, and power are all important aspects of the human being in society. This paper, first of all, defines the three aspects and looks into the relationships between appearance, identity, and power and how they influence life. Appearance can be defined as the physical outlook of a person as...
There are six different perspectives of personality. The major difference between them is that they approach personality by means of focusing on one of its major aspects (Burger, 2014). Specifically, the first approach is psychoanalytic whose followers maintain that unconscious minds drive differences in people’s personalities. The second is trait...
Introduction Erik Erikson believed in strong ties between an individual and society. The researcher noted that people’s development is closely connected with societal roles played. In other words, people develop through finding themselves in human society, community, etc. Erikson developed the Theory of Psycho-Social Development that is based on eight...
To make sure that the set goals are attainable and, therefore, worth pursuing, one needs to explore their ostensible outcomes in depth, therefore, detailing the possible obstacles that can be encountered on the way to their completion. Furthermore, the factors that will affect the development of the project and, therefore,...
Introduction When a psychotherapeutic group has passed the storming stage, it reaches the next level of its development, which therapists call a transition stage. At this point, a group that has gone through the initial phase faced some challenges of recognizing the rules of behavior, and established places in the...
Introduction Multiple murders at the hands of a lone gunman typically characterize mass shootings in the United States. The cold-blooded murder of innocent people never fails to traumatize the survivors or the loved ones left behind. Mass shootings add another trauma-inducing layer as the murders were committed in a public...
One of the most controversial folkways is that a young person is required to give up a seat during a commute on public transportation to a person that is a child, elderly, disabled, or pregnant. It is considered social etiquette and a person can be severely judged if they fail...
Case Summary Emma, a 13-year-old girl from a large family, lives with her parents, two sisters, and great-grandmother. While she gets along with her father, she often argues with her mother and grandfather. Her relationships with her sisters fluctuate, especially with her younger sister, Ava, with whom she frequently fights....
Introduction Gibbs’ reflective cycle is a model for analyzing a personal experience, and it is extensively used in fields such as nursing or counseling, where a specialist should work with people. It contains six stages: description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion, and action plan. It can be used after each counseling...
For a long time, the approach to the treatment of psychological problems has focused on consideration of the characteristics of the behavior, emotions and feelings of the individual. However, in the middle of the twentieth century, this view began to change and more attention was paid to family therapy. Virginia...
Introduction Psychology is a science that studies a human being, especially mental health, and phenomena. This science focuses on the study of the mental state of a person and how to deal with emotion. Attention in psychology is paid to a person’s feelings and his comfortable stay in the environment....
Different Models of Family Therapy Family problems are the cause of psychological disorders such as anxiety, depression, and trauma, among others. The disorders are detrimental to an individual’s health and may affect the family and the community at large. Family therapy is one of the most effective ways of treating...
Introduction Human development is one of the most fascinating and at the same time most complicated fields of study in psychology. Being influenced by a myriad of factors, which range from genetic ones to the influences specific to a certain area where an individual grows, personal development requires closer scrutiny...
Although peer pressure is seen as a negative expression of human interactions, it can have positive effects provided that promoted behavior is helpful to society or people individually. Peer pressure is a natural phenomenon occurring in any social context. People are prone to comparing themselves to others, particularly those of...
Summary A motivational interview has been conducted with a 37-year-old female individual who suffers from regular overeating in the evening and at night. The female client started her speech by describing how her habit seems to ruin her health and life because she gained weight, and she constantly feels stomach...
Several indicators may be used to predict how a preschool child plays in randomly selected situations that are quite helpful in predicting a child’s play behavior. These include cognition abilities, physical abilities, social abilities, and the child’s emotional attachments. A child’s play behavior is heavily influenced by his or her...
Prenatal Learning and Impact on Later Development The learning ability of a child begins at the early stage of the pregnancy. By the eighteenth week of pregnancy, the baby’s hearing is fully developed, and the child can hear and respond to the mother’s heartbeat and the sounds passing through the...
Sigmund Freud is one of the early contributors to psychoanalysis. Freud perceived personality structure in terms of the interactions of the id, the ego, and the superego. According to Freud, personality arises from our effort to resolve the conflict existing between our biological impulses and the social restraint against them....
Introduction The commonly used framework of the group process, which, for example, is presented by Pessagno (2013), includes the storming (or exploring) stage as its second element. This stage (or phase) is difficult to navigate since it refers to the uncertainty period that is characterized by members experiencing conflicts in...
Introduction Various aspects of human relationships promoted in the modern world are based on certain principles and approaches to the perception of reality and the assessment of factors affecting this perception. Behavioral characteristics are the result of various reasons, for instance, accumulated experiences, internal beliefs, and other causes. In the...
Are the changes in APA Standards 1.02 and 1.03 sufficient? The 2010 Amendments in APA Standards 1.02 and 1.03 are quite sufficient. They relate to the 2002 Standards for resolving ethical discrepancies, namely the discrepancy between ethics and the law (1.02) and between ethical and organizational requirements (1.03). They are...
Abstract B. F. Skinner was a distinguished psychologist renowned for advancing various theories on human behavior. His works received critical reviews from numerous scholars. This paper analyses three journals, each providing a different point of view on behaviorism as suggested by Skinner. Delprato and Midgley’s “Some Fundamentals of B. F....
The final phase of psychotherapeutic group work is the most difficult one for every participant, as well as for a therapist. Once the therapy comes to an end, such issues as anxiety and uncertainty about the future might arise due to the role of the group in every patient’s recovery...
Introduction The groundbreaking technologies of the late 20th and early 21st century have affected not only the professional lives but also the personal lives of people all over the world. While innovative devices were at first designed strictly for professional use, they soon became so popular that they have begun...
Introduction The contemporary times are characterized with fast-moving lifestyles. Individuals are living on the fast lane, and in the process of making a living, the majority have forgotten to live fruitfully. The economic environment is turbulent, rumors of wars across the globe are all over the news, and natural catastrophes...
Introduction Bullying is one of the most severe and disturbing problems in modern society. Many factors contribute to this fact, such as the absence of an age determinant and mental consequences for the individual. Therefore, the study of this social problem is particularly critical, as it provides awareness of ways...
Introduction Attachment theory provides a framework for understanding the development of relationships between parents and their influence on the child’s later life. In the first part of the 20th century, it was believed that children formed attachments to people who fed them (Fonagy 2018). John Bowlby questioned these assumptions and...
Child abuse is a current problem in many countries, including the United States. For modern society, both throughout the country and in local settlements, this issue remains due to the imperfection of protection measures. When such violations are identified, the adequate solution is often to deprive the parents of their...
Human beings are complex creatures whose thinking processes and behavior depend on their values, morals, and ethics. While frequently being used interchangeably, the three concepts have specific distinctions. At the same time, an individual’s morals, values, and ethics are interconnected and affect one another. Moreover, although not often and not...
Introduction Computational Theory of Mind (CTM) is widely assumed to be the primary working hypothesis in cognitive science. CTM is frequently understood as a subset of the Representational Theory of Mind, which holds that cognition is the manipulation of representation. The most widely accepted version of CTM, classical CTM, otherwise...
Introduction The Lucifer effect theory holds that everyone can do evil. People have a variety of personalities that affect their behavior, whether they choose to do something or not. Even under the most hazardous circumstances, people may change to whatever suits them best. Phillip Zimbardo’s Stanford experiment demonstrates that individuals...
Introduction Video games are arguably the most popular form of entertainment among the youth today. Generally, males play more than females, although this trend has been shifting in the last decade (Lopez-Fernandez et al., 2019). The video game industry is an interesting topic to study since it is filled with...
As all living beings in nature, an individual develops assimilating the experience that humankind has accumulated throughout its existence. Human development is a complex and contradictory process initiated by many forces: biological, cultural, and internal motives and external influences. This process starts from the moment of birth and lasts until...
Introduction Human development and the resources people could use to achieve perfection in their growth are frequently discussed in different fields, including social sciences, psychology, and health care. During the last several centuries, researchers, philosophers, and writers are interested in what could determine human traits and abilities. There is one...
Outline Personality is a word that originates from persona, a Latin word referring to a mask. Therefore personality’s study is related to the study that analyses masks worn by human beings. These masks are characters displayed and projected by human beings including their psychological experiences otherwise known as self. Personality...
Introduction Depression is a mental disorder that affects health, thoughts, and feelings and leads to a change of behavior. It affects one’s moods in general. Symptoms of depression may vary from individual to individual and sometimes may depend on the intensity of depression. These symptoms may include but are not...
Introduction The sense of responsibility is often exemplified as the practice of social authority in the course of which an individual can procure the assistance and support of other people in order to fulfill a common objective shared by them. This is applicable in both workplace and home at the...
People live in the world where they communicate, interact and remain in the constant contact. Moreover, people are in constant development from their birth till their death and this development takes place on both mental and physical level. The physical development is impossible without mental, and the mental development may...
Childhood is the age when the character and habits of the children are formed. Children’s perception of the world is based on what they see and what they hear. Children are like sponges, they absorb everything around them. That is why children should be read-only children literature, which influences their...
Abstract The paper focuses on the analysis of laughter as a therapeutic method. At first, the mechanics and physiology of laughter are explained, and the most common types of laughter are identified. Further, facial expressions with laughter are described, along with the likelihood of females to fake laughter in comparison...
Influence of Neobehaviorism School Neobehaviorism emerged when behaviorism was combined with the ideas of logical positivism. The representatives of the latter believed that scientific statements about the world had to originate from physical observation; otherwise, they would not be scientific (Hergenhahn & Henley, 2014). Like behaviorists, neobehaviorists supposed that stimuli...
Introduction Human beings can embrace various ethical values and principles to help others. The term “prosocial behavior” is any form of action undertaken to help or support others (Piff, Dietze, Feinberg, Stancato, & Keltner, 2015). Various concepts are underlying the idea of prosocial behavior. The first concept is empathy and...
Social anxiety disorder is a condition that occurs as a result of excessive fear of social involvement. It is also known as social phobia. The fear arises from the suspension of being closely watched, and receiving criticism from peers and other members of the society (Mayo-Wilson et al., 2014). A...
Introduction Biology is regarded to play a certain role in the development of specific characteristics related to personality. Similar genes inherited by children from their parents influence their behavior. Although this approach might be argued by some psychologists, the impact of biological differences in personality is obvious. The purpose of...
Introduction Social constructs are useful in the study of human motives and behaviour. The constructs such as individualism and collectivism are essential as they form the basis of human character. While scholars use construals such as independence and interdependence to explain social constructs, the construals represent social constructs that determine...
Introduction Self-reflection is a vital process in personal growth. It helps people confront their thoughts, emotions, and actions. Practicing self-reflection can help increase self-awareness, deal with internal conflicts, and align personal values with actions for a more purposeful and meaningful life. This essay will explore self-reflection, why we should engage...
Introduction Erikson is one of the most significant contributors to human development through his theory of psychosocial development. The theory is established on eight stages through which a child develops their personality from infancy to adulthood. Each stage is characterized by different psychological needs and crises that can adversely or...
Introduction It is important to note that adolescence is a complex and intricate stage of human development, which makes a person vulnerable to the social environment and its constituents. The given comprehensive analysis will utilize Erikson’s theory in order to understand the key forces and dynamics behind E. W., an...
Introduction Fear for one’s health and the well-being of loved ones, financial stress, economic instability, and social isolation creates an ideal habitat for triggers that threaten mental health. Psychologists are asked to devote time to physical and psychological states in such a difficult time. Today it is important to remember...
Introduction While long-term memory can store and modify information over a long time, short-term memory can generally hold information in an active state for a short time. Working memory is a type of short-term memory where one can store small amounts of information for a short while. An example is...
Introduction The structural model is a simple way to look at the process of doing laundry and understand how it works. It is a simple representation of how all of your clothes are hung on hangers and then folded into their respective piles. This model is based on the client’s...
Insecure attachment styles develop in childhood due to dysfunctional relationships between caregivers and children. Secure attachment develops when a child receives proper attention from parents, causing the formation of a healthy personality type that is not afraid of rejection or intimacy (Fuchshuber et al., 2019). Infants with a secure attachment...
The aim of this research study is to explain the metaphysical secretes of manifesting money. Three research objectives guide this paper. They are focused on investigating the relationship between people’s ability to attract money and the law of attraction, to find out the role of spirituality in explaining people’s ability...
Middle adulthood is accompanied by several physiological changes. Although this is unavoidable, the value of physical activity in this age group cannot be overstated. After 30, the body loses 3-8 percent of its muscular mass per decade, and after 60 years, the loss increases (Toh et al., 2020). Rheumatoid arthritis...
Introduction Various traumas and mental health problems can bring severe complications to the lives of individuals. Often times they are caused by specific events that happened in childhood or bad parental upbringing and prevent people from receiving satisfaction from life and personal relationships. Therefore, when dealing with psychological problems, it...
John Watson is considered to be the founder of behaviorism, a psychological theory that focuses on visible behavior while diminishing the notion of consciousness (Malone, 2014). He firmly believed that every human has the same set of reflective responses, which can be influenced by the use of a process called...
Introduction Autism can be “defined as a complex developmental disability that normally appears during the first three years of life and is as a result of a neurological disorder that affects the normal functioning of the brain.” (Parker, p. 3) Researches conducted in the past indicate that biological causes are...
Introduction Friendship is a conception that has always got different ideologies from people. People tend to have a diverse perceptions about the issue of friendship. From a general perspective, friendship can be viewed as a relationship based on intimacy. However, the intimacy within friendship normally varies as some people may...
A picture can be worth a thousand words or even more but, as I will argue, that depends on who looks at it, why they look at it, and in what circumstances. In other words, a picture’s meaning is relative to the viewer, and changes as the viewer changes. Once...
Introduction Forensic psychology occupies a medium place between psychology and criminal justice. Psychologists working in this sphere assess defendants’ ability to stand trial, evaluate credibility of witness testimonies, provide recommendations for the defendants’ treatment, and deal with the like issues. Like anybody working with human health and life, forensic psychologists...
Cultural history Trances can be defined as the mental pictures, descriptions, and reflections in the mind while sleeping. The episodes seen are usually impractical or doubtful in the real sense. The person in a trance generally has no power over the actions dreamt. Some scenes in a trance can be...
The contemporary world of high technical and technological support provides many opportunities for making business online. In this respect, gambling stays in the first position among other entertainments on the Internet. Being a sphere of solely adult concernment, the situation shifts toward rejuvenation. More and more teenagers are getting involved...
Introduction Many intentions to understand human behaviors and the work of the human mind were made in the past and are observed in modern practice. Psychology is one of the crucial fields, the goal of which is to enhance human knowledge through discussing the development of cognitive processes, social behaviors,...
It is thought that all people’s achievements depend on the level of their certainty about their capability to succeed from this perspective, when in doubt; one cannot perform well enough to be productive or successful. However, the question of the relationship between doubt and certainty has long been at the...
Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory is a beautiful story that depicts the ultimate dream of any child: visiting a chocolate factory and winning a lifelong supply of chocolate. The movie’s key character, Willy Wonka, plays the role of a wizard who fulfills dreams, as he hides five golden tickets...
Abstract Children have an innate propensity to learn; however, they still need a teacher to guide them on their path to successful knowledge acquisition. Adults are responsible for providing a favorable learning environment allowing children to experiment with real-life materials and situations, ask questions, and find answers. Teachers should guide...
Why do Psychologists administer Personality tests and how do they apply the information obtained from Personality tests in real-world settings? Psychologists administer personality tests because these allow for producing more objective judgments about individuals (Reynolds & Livingston, 2012). Patients often tell their history poorly, in a biased manner, whereas tests...
Abstract Cyberbullying is a term that dates back to the emergence of the Internet. It refers to the use of electronic devices/communication to harass, intimidate, or embarrass another person. Cyberbullying is facilitated by electronic devices that include cell phones, computers, tablets, and communication tools, such as instant messaging, email, social...
Personal loss “occurs when someone loses something precious in his or her life” (Leming & Dickinson, 2011, p. 26). This kind of loss occurs after the death of a beloved person. Personal loss is usually associated with deep emotions, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Bereavement and grief describe the emotional responses...
The problem of parent-child relationships is one of the most examined and actual eternal questions. This question concerns the problems of love and hatred, manipulation and resistance, protest and control. This point is often discussed in the works of different writers. But in the context of sexual upbringing and instilling...
Background Adolescence is a pivotal period of development marked by significant physical, emotional, and social transformations. As a result, adolescents often have increased chances of having mental health issues associated with a wide variety of reasons (Merikangas et al., 2022). The mental well-being of adolescents can have implications for various...
Abstract There is a need to apply scientific studies to real-world situations for the immediate benefit of society. Charles McClintock’s model of a practitioner-scholar ushers professionals to combine theoretical research and practical application of the accumulated knowledge through a holistic, grounded approach (Dlouhy-Nelson et al., 2023). Numerous fields of study,...
Introduction Personality makes a difference in people as the qualities and characteristics of an individual determine some aspects. For instance, academic performance is directly or indirectly influenced by nature. Personality affects performance indirectly via motivations and attitudes, which develop perceptions of learning, investments in education, and the ways preferred in...
The cognitive development of children determines their ability to understand certain concepts. Adults often experience situations where they try to describe something to a child, but the child does not understand something that seems obvious. Children may lack understanding of what adults say to them, which is determined by what...
Gestalt Therapy An experimental, phenomenological, and humanistic type of psychotherapy – Gestalt therapy is a technique that can be used as both short-term and long-term forms of support. Depending on the client’s needs, the severity or complexity of a particular situation. It is also used effectively in a crisis intervention...
The industrial-organizational (I-O) psychologists tend to use special methods when recruiting and selecting staff to ensure the right person will do the job. One of the major methods is the interview; it is typically implemented in mid or large-size companies. The information received from the interview is dynamic, which means...
Penny, one of the heroines in Yalom’s Love’s Executioner and Other Tales of Psychotherapy, conceived and gave birth to twin girls, yet, unfortunately, the welfare took them since she could not provide for them. The guilt of losing them to welfare tormented her soul. She did not talk to her...
Biological Biological variables include the gender of the patient, namely female, the age of the patient, which is forty years old, as well as the absence of children. Previously, the girl was successful, led a healthy lifestyle, contacted people, and had a boyfriend. After the breakup, she began to feel...
Introduction School counseling is one of the services that are essential for the educational system. Children and adolescents in the United States face multiple challenges in attaining their education and getting through school. Hence, having a professional who is willing to help students deal with their emotional, academic, or social...
Critical thinking is one of the most important processes that have many functions and benefits for a person. First of all, it helps individuals analyze and interpret the information they constantly receive. Moreover, critical thinking is a tool through which people perceive the world around them and evaluate the events...
Both SFT and NT are postmodernist approaches to therapy, which means that their techniques are built on the idea that reality is relative and people’s experiences are influenced by everything around them. Therefore, the role of the therapist is in assisting the client and helping them understand more about themselves...
Introduction The Stroop test is designed to diagnose the cognitive style of flexibility and rigidity of cognitive control. This cognitive style characterizes the degree of subjective difficulty in changing ways of processing information in a situation of cognitive conflict (Houdé, 2019). Rigid control indicates difficulties in the transition from verbal...
Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) and Reality Therapy which is based on the Choice theory, are two notable frameworks which inform counselors’ approaches. The two theories have both similarities and differences, which need to be discussed in detail. For instance, both CBT and Reality Therapy focus on the present problems of...
Introduction The origins of the attachment styles can be found in child psychology and child-parent relationship studies. John Bowlby, a famous British psychologist, described several concepts that defined attachment theory. First of all, Bowlby created the concept of secure attachment, when children are comforted by the attachment figure’s closeness (Sutton,...
Introduction Professional therapy is a technique that has substantially gained ground over other therapeutic solutions used to address individuals’ distress and mental health issues. While some approaches focus on altering attitudes, others target individuals’ behaviors. The methods help individuals come to terms with life and improve their perspectives by targeting...
When it comes to solution-focused brief therapy, the core concept relies on exploration and search for solutions. The role of a therapist is to shift the focus from the problem of a client towards solutions through a positive mindset and hopeful attitude. A therapist helps a client to identify the...
The period of transitioning from a child to an adult is characterized by a passionate desire for activities. At this point, the inner drives of adolescents are so strong, that they require an adequate release of energy. The traditional solution is to meet this need with education. However, it is...
A crisis is an incident that causes an emotional distress that is very difficult to handle. Examples of crises include misunderstanding in relationships, passing on of loved ones, and unplanned pregnancy. A crisis has diverse characteristics, and among them includes existence of danger and opportunity, portrayal of complexity, and anxiety....
Introduction Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is an inspirational model that was established by Abraham Maslow. The model comprises of five levels of human necessities, which are categorized in stages within a pyramid. It explains how an individual’s most basic needs must be met before they become motivated. As such, Maslow’s...
Abjection, as defined by Kristeva, can be interpreted as maternal splitting and fragmentation of a cycle of physical processes, which are beyond the control of the subject. According to Kristeva, abjection can be described as the reaction people wield due to a defenseless breakdown in meaning caused by their inability...
Social facilitation and social loafing are closely-related terms that explain the changes in performance based on the presence of others. Both of the terms are a part of group behavior. While facilitation occurs when the presence of others affects the performance of individuals in either a good or bad way,...
Stress is a biopsychosocial phenomenon, as it affects a person’s physical well-being, emotional stability, and social interactions. Stress can also be explained by a myriad of biopsychosocial factors that contribute to its development described by Sarafino and Smith (2017). First, stress is correlated with social support, which implies that increased...
Introduction The experience of déjà vu is a truly extraordinary phenomenon that has been studied by scholars of various disciplines. Before it became a subject of scientific research, the occurrences of déjà vu were frequently mentioned throughout history by such figures as Pythagoras, St Augustine, Sir Walter Scott, and Charles...
Introduction Many scientists and researchers involved in studying child psychology have come up with many theories that attempt to explain how children develop. These theories have shown that children play an active role in their development. Papalia, Wendkos, and Feldman (2007) say that some theories have pointed out that the...
Most of the juvenile cases reported are committed by youngsters who fall between the age group of 11 to 17. Many reasons cause the increase in the number of juvenile delinquents this may include; cross-cultural marriages, illiteracy among parents, and peer influence. The most notable cause that has seen the...
Introduction ‘The case history ‘Little Hans’ illustrates very clearly some of Freud’s most basic theories, such as infantile sexuality, the role of transference, and the way in which the phobia is part of the cure.’ This case study is an account of the very first psychoanalytical treatment of a child....
Introduction Ever since the practice of translating the Bible into secular languages had attained a theological legitimacy in the 16th century (the rise of Protestantism), the Holy Book has been increasingly resorted to by people experiencing mental anxieties, as such that supposedly contained answers as to how these anxieties could...
The field of organizational behavior (OB) deals with the behavior and impact of the interaction of individuals, groups, and structures within an organization, in order to apply the knowledge to improve the effectiveness of the organization. Effectively an applied science, OB, draws from various social sciences. The predominant subjects, which...
Introduction Piaget (1896-1980) was a Swiss philosopher who contributed immensely to developmental psychology. He challenged earlier propositions about child development mage by earlier psychologists and philosophers to come up with his own. In his theory, jean argues that we absorb information and knowledge according to our brain constructs that are...
The purpose of the conducted study, described in the article entitled “Test Anxiety and Academic Performance in Undergraduate and Graduate Students” is to determine the levels of test anxiety and academic performance in large cohorts of graduate and undergraduate students and to investigate how these levels are related to one...
Introduction Barbara Rogoff’s book The Cultural Nature of Human Development makes numerous topical points on how cultural conceptions influence people and society. The chapter “Thinking with Tools and Institutions of Culture” deals with how people, more specifically children, apperceive mental and social skills from sociocultural intercommunication and how these interactions...
The book A Child Called “It” is a memoir written by Dave Pelzer. In the work, the author describes the pains and abuses he experienced in the hands of his mother (Pelzer, 1995). Throughout his early childhood, Pelzer’s mother was charming and friendly. She treated every person in the family...
The research topic I have chosen for my project is the relationship between the body and the mind. We will assume that the mind is generated by the body, and that, in fact, the very division into “the body” and “the mind” is an artificial one, but it is very...
Self-Esteem Development Developing self-esteem involves being able to successfully achieve social-emotional developments both in childhood and during teenage. According to Erikson, successful socialization requires that one solves all the eight crises experienced during development. In adolescents, attaining self-esteem involves achieving autonomy, which can renegotiate relationships with parents during the adolescence...
The film American Beauty reveals the story of a middle-class man who experiences a mid-life crisis. The director of movies confronts the topic with a sense of satire on the concepts accepted in American middle-class society through their recognition of personal satisfaction, beauty, and conformity. At a glance, the story...
Have you ever wondered what the effects of sibling rivalry are? This essay sample explores the sibling rivalry causes, its advantages and disadvantages, and parenting practices that might be helpful. Introduction Sibling rivalry is a difficult topic that concerns all parents who have more than one child. According to Boyse,...
Introduction Child development is a process that begins from conception but it goes on until death. Development in children takes different forms and is influenced by a number of fatore as will be disacussd later in the paper. It inviolves diverse dimensions which peer acceptance and rejection, development of friendship,...
In every society, there are two main groups of people. The first one is the ruling while the second group consists of people who are subjects of the ruling class. Power plays a major role in political, economic and social contexts. It also contributes to a person’s success in parenting,...
Abstract The present paper has sampled the various definitions of courage to illuminate some of the concept’s most important components as applied in contemporary contexts. The components of courage covered in this paper include experiencing fear yet choosing to act, following one’s heart or wishes, persisting in the face of...
Introduction Both heredity and environment play a role in the development of intelligence in adolescents. During childhood, the environment influences intelligence test performance by up to 60% while genetic factors influence it by 40% (Carter, 2011). Examples of environmental factors include diet, nature of the family, type of settlement, economic...
Introduction When supervising group therapy, the professional may encounter problems of various kinds. In particular, there is the issue of the difficulty of working in a group where problem clients are present, and the therapy loses effectiveness. Among the most challenging clients, I would single out such types as silent...
Understanding Moral Judgments in Children Children between the ages of 6 and 10 tend to judge acts as unilaterally right or wrong, which provides insight into the idea of moral absolutes. It is assumed that youngsters in this age bracket have a propensity to form snap judgments about people’s actions...
Knowing one’s own ethical stance is essential for directing conduct and decision-making. Personal ethics serve as a foundation for moral decision-making and are molded by a person’s values, beliefs, and experiences. Both individual and professional ethics are intertwined in the study of psychology, and psychologists must be aware of both...
Love, Dating and Relationships The section delves into different concepts of love and romantic relationships. It focuses on several aspects of these issues, such as social scripts, understanding of love, current trends in relationships, and relationship rituals. Social scripts claim that people mimic the responses and actions of others throughout...
Introduction The story of Tony Walker, a British man who was profiled in the 7-up documentary series, has been chosen as the case study for this research project. Since his mother was a stay-at-home mom and his father drove a lorry, Tony’s early years were marked by financial hardships. He...
Introduction Divorce can be challenging for a family since the couples are discovering new ways to relate to each other and trying new parenting techniques. Children are tenacious, and the breakup changeover can be perceived as an improvement rather than a panic if they receive assistance. Since children involved in...
The task of choosing only two of the nine types of fighters and defending against the other seven is an example of an exciting topic for discussion. At the same time, however, it demonstrates the narrowness of perception of most reasoners, who are led to the conditions set without elaboration...
