1314 samples of this type
Natural science essays study and describe natural phenomena. Based on experiments and observations, scientists discover laws and propose theories. They also use mathematics and logic to make correct conclusions, so they are capable of predicting some events.
Natural science is a broad term that includes several distinct disciplines. Some specialize in tiny objects, like microorganisms, elements, or atoms. Others explore the infinite space and ephemeral processes of life.
A more academic way to differentiate natural science is not based on the size of an object.
We will provide you with a range of great topics for your paper. Below, you will find writing tips and natural science essay examples!
Introduction Although there are substantial differences between male and female bodies, their reproductive systems have similarities. Understanding how these processes resemble one another is important in ascertaining the interconnected biology of men and women. The most important aspect of reproduction is that neither gender is self-reliant and needs the opposite...
Bean Experiment: Project Plan & Problem Statement This paper is an assessment concern with a dry mass of seeds. The assessment will deal with various ways of performing adaptable procedures of evaluating and monitoring changes in the dry mass of bean seeds during germination. It is an examination relating to...
Introduction Studying the physicochemical properties of samples in the laboratory is necessary to better understand their nature and potential behavior when interacting with other substances. One such property is the force that conditions the intermolecular interaction of a sample. In general, this force should be understood as a characteristic of...
Microbes are ubiquitous. Thus, they live everywhere and can be found in different environments, like water, air, and animals. In addition, they can live in extreme temperatures, like high heat, humidity, or salt concentration. There is no place on Earth where no microbes would exist; they have adapted to live...
Most chemical reactions are reversible. During a chemical reaction, reactants are usually converted into products. However, some products turn back into reactants at the same time. Chemical equilibrium can be described as a state in a reversible reaction where the speed of the forward reaction is equal to the rate...
In this soap making process writing example, you will find a detailed explanation of soap manufacturing process. Check it out if you need to write a soap essay. Abstract Making soap at home is a very rewarding experience. It is also a way of reducing home expenses since it is...
Welcome to our essay sample on synthesis of triphenylmethanol from the reaction of the Grignard reagent! Here, you’ll find information on Grignard reaction procedure, TLC analysis, and other aspects of the experiment. Abstract In this experiment, triphenylmethanol was synthesized from the reaction of the Grignard reagent (phenyl magnesium bromide) with...
Bromination/debromination which is an important organic reaction that aims in purification of crude cholesterol from impurities which include 3-cholestanol, 7-cholesten-3-ol, and 5,7-chlestadien-3-ol was performed in a laboratory scale for two weeks. Due to steric constraints, only cholesterol reacted with bromine and crystallized from the solution making it possible to be...
Background One of the central tasks of microbiological analysis is the identification of unknown microorganisms. The application of this need, namely the ability to qualitatively identify pathogens to select a plan for further clinical risk management activities, dictates the need for in-depth, detailed, and correct investigation of the strain and...
Introduction to Osmosis Osmosis is one of the important ways that plants and animals achieve homeostasis (Djelti 48). It is the process of moving water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of low osmolarity to an area of high osmolarity. Osmosis plays a vital role in the body of...
Introduction The lab experiment aimed to characterize and describe the growth and colony appearance of distinct species of bacteria inoculated on three different media: enriched, selective, and differential. The selected bacterial strains were Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Streptococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and an unknown sample. Microorganisms exhibit distinct...
Introduction England is a country that is located in the United Kingdom. It is bordered by Scotland, Wales, the Irish Sea, and the Celtic Sea and has many islands that are approximately 100. The main spoken language is English. It is one of the countries in which the industrial revolution...
The four physiographic regions of Europe comprise the Western Uplands, North European Plain, Central Uplands, and Alpine Mountains. Generally, the continent’s physical geography is characterized by its proximity to the ocean, extensive mineral resources, temperate climates, and various geologic features (White et al., 2011). Moreover, the division of these regions...
Introduction Biology is a scientific subject that studies living organisms relative to their interactions with each other and their immediate environments (Phelan, p. 1). On the other hand, life implies cells or a state of energy. The concept of life as cells implies that a life form can be made...
Materials and Methods A stock solution of starch was prepared by mixing 1ml of starch with 2.5ml of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to form 3.5ml of the stock solution, which is enough for the experiment. Next, six test tubes were arranged in their rack and labeled one to six. To prepare...
The Aim of the Experiment The objectives of the experiment were to study chemical trends of elements in period 3 of the periodic table by reacting with oxygen and chlorine and consequently examining the oxides and chlorides formed. Introduction Chemists developed and organized the periodic table to demonstrate the recurring...
The sagittal crest is marked on the gorilla skull with red color. The sagittal crest is made of two parietal bones. Zygomatic bones of gorillas look wider and more robust than the human ones. Gorillas have a larger zygomatic arch that has a bigger surface, more volume, and works as...
This Italy culture essay sample explores different aspects of Italian culture, including religion, art, language, and food. Check out our Italian culture essay to get some inspiration for your assignment! Many scholars consider Italy to be the birthplace of human culture and the cradle of civilization as we know it....
Theoretical Background The electrical conductivity of a solution corresponds to the solution’s ability — or, more precisely, the dissolved substance — to conduct an electric current. This phenomenon’s theoretical basis lies in the substance’s dissociation plane when dissolved in liquid media. For most substances, water molecules cause intra- and intermolecular...
Abstract This work aimed to obtain Phenacetin from Acetaminophen using a nucleophilic attack mechanism. Reflux, ice-bath cooling and heating, and vacuum filtration procedures were used to complete the synthesis. The simpler materials were reacted to produce complex compounds presented in later sections of the paper. Melting point values were instrumentally...
Paper Outline Introduction The male or female reproductive systems form the human body’s reproductive system. During reproduction, the male sperms (gametes) are synthesized by the male reproductive system for the eventual fertilization of the female ova (oocytes). On the other hand, the female reproduction system plays an important role in...
Reproductive System Anatomy The reproductive system in both females and males is located within the lower part of the body. While the female system is situated within the pelvis, the male system resides outside the pelvis. The systems contain both internal and external organs. Internal male organs include the duct...
Location Japan is located in Eastern Asia, in the Pacific Ocean. Its latitude is approximately 36°N, and its longitude is approximately 138°E. It is situated in the northern and eastern hemispheres. It is an island country with four main islands (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu) and thousands of smaller islands....
Introduction Natural gas is a type of fossil energy occurring in a hydrocarbon gas mixture. It was first discovered in Iraq between the years 6000 and 2000 BC (Ma, 2017). This fossil gas was formed due to the ancient remains of animals and plants, such as diatoms that were buried...
Introduction Background According to BCS (1996) interpretation of catalysis reactions can be carried out using transition state theory. The process of converting reactants into products involves formation of intermediate products that dissociate to form final products. in a non-directed reaction, a side reaction can result leading into formation of side...
Abstract Human cloning as an assisted reproductive tool has numerous harmful effects. The goals of human cloning include creating human beings or developing human tissues for empirical studies. The practice is now the subject of discourse with critical implications on moral, economic, and political issues among others. This report evaluates...
Why don’t the Baltic and North Sea mix? This question has been puzzling scientists for a long time. Aside from being a natural phenomenon, the two seas that meet in the Atlantic Ocean are also mentioned in the Quaran. People used to think that Baltic and North Sea have a...
Advantages and Disadvantages of Genetic Testing: Essay Introduction The progress of medicine and healthcare provides people with an opportunity to recognize health problems at their early stages and start treatment to avoid complications. There are many serious disorders and diseases that have genetics as one of the main causes, including...
Introduction The goal of an experiment is to observe its process and results for further analysis. In biology, this type of evidence is vital for knowledge generation, and researchers must understand how to obtain and use it. The data acquired from a practical must be documented in a clear and...
Introduction Spectrophotometry is an extensively and incredibly useful biochemical assay. It is used to verify an absorbing species identification or estimate the amount of a certain analyte in solutions (Akash and Rehman, 2020). When light is transmitted through a solution, some of the incident light is absorbed by the solution’s...
Biogenesis is a term that was coined by British biologist Thomas Henry Huxley in 1870, describing the principle that all living organisms derive from organisms similar to themselves. The principle has been introduced in contradiction with the concept of spontaneous generation. Spontaneous generation, abiogenesis, refers to the idea that living...
Mammals are vertebrates, and the main distinctive feature separating them from other animals is the presence of mammary glands. Other differentiating characteristics among mammals include integument, skeleton, and internal anatomical features. In modern times, this class of animals exists in three clades – marsupials, monotremes, and placental mammals. Marsupials are...
Introduction The present research paper synthesizes a number of legitimate sources in order to focus on globalization and its effects on Peru with special relation to environmental issues, crime, and disease in the country. The paper critically informs the reader of all these issues and their causes. The last section...
Core/Periphery Areas, Obstacles to Transition, and Required Conditions The core-periphery model distinguishes between urban (core) areas that are better developed and the less developed rural (periphery) areas. The core-periphery model can examine countries, provinces, and cities’ economic, social, and political relations. The core-peripheral relationship is built on exploitation, where the...
Coherent scattering occurs in the event of low radiation energy, limiting photon-electron interaction. The process happens when a photon passes a medium, but it can neither attract the electron nor cause power deposition owing to insufficient strength, although it changes direction, resulting in a systematic dispersion (Niederhuber et al., 2019)....
Background and Theory of the Experiment Recrystallization is a standard method in organic chemistry for separating and purifying solid organic molecules, depending on how soluble they are in various solvents at various temperatures. The desired chemical can preferentially crystallize by dissolving an impure solid in a hot solvent, chilling the...
Dimedone is a well known organic chemistry compound that is yellow and solid in appearance, stable but sensitive to light un-compared to other oxidizing agents. Dimedone has a molecular weight of 140.1797g/mol and has a melting point of between 147–150oC (420-423oK). Dimedone molecular formula is (CH3)2C6H6(=O)2. This yellow crystalline substance...
Abstract The study of pH has an increased value for clinical studies, mainly due to the buffering properties of some substances. The present experiment tested buffering for three samples: water, Alka-Seltzer, and milk. The results showed that Alka-Seltzer is characterized by increased buffering because it is most resistant to changes...
Introduction Thermochemical reactions are an important object of study in general chemistry, allowing the study of thermal processes that occur during chemical interactions. It is well known that the whole set of reactions can be divided into exothermic and endothermic, depending on the thermal effect: heat can either be released...
Musculoskeletal System Anatomy The musculoskeletal system provides humans with the ability to move and perform different tasks using their skeletal and muscular systems. Therefore, the body gets its form, movement capability, and overall stability from the strength of its muscular and skeletal formations. The musculoskeletal system (also known as the...
Introduction Symbiosis is common in nature because different species interact with each other. However, while some interaction benefits all participants, others bring benefits only to one side and can harm another. For this reason, scientists distinguish between three types of symbiosis that exist in nature, such as mutualism, commensalism, and...
Introduction This experiment is designed to isolate myristic acid from trimyristin through a saponification process. Trimyristin is a lipid found in blood and stored in fat cells; when one eats calories, it does not need to be used immediately. Later, hormones release the product to supply energy between meals. This...
There are two main types of mutualism: symbiotic and non-symbiotic. In symbiotic mutualism, both parties involved benefit from the relationship. This type of mutualism is often seen in nature, where two species help each other exist. For example, many plants have a mutualistic relationship with bees; the bees collect nectar...
When you think of something to see in the Philippines, the first things coming to mind are likely Manila, the beaches of El Nido, or Mayon volcano. But what if I tell you there is a place just as deserving of your attention, and a mere two-hour drive from the...
Introduction to the Country France is a country in Western Europe, and it is one of the wealthiest and most populated nations in the region, as well as one of the most influential nations in the entire world. The population of France exceeds 63 million living in a territory of...
Check out our essay example on Thick Description: Toward an Interpretative Theory of Culture. Here, you’ll find the meaning behind the definition of culture. Get some inspiration for your assignment with our Geertz’ Thick Description summary. Geertz’ Thick Description Summary Chapter by Chapter In “Thick Description: Toward an Interpretative Theory...
One of the major attractions of the modern world is the ancient Egyptian pyramids. These structures are considered truly unique because they provoke a paradox in the mind when comprehending their scale in relation to time. In ancient Egypt lived, excellent astronomers, to determine the exact time of sowing, very...
Introduction The human body is a complex machine that has various components that play different roles to ensure people develop and grow without problems. Blood plays an important role in the body because it ensures there are efficient gaseous exchange, respiration and excretion systems, and coordination of various parts. It...
Differences between the geographical location of Arizona and Texas Comparing two states, it is necessary to take a look at their geographical location, history of the state, demographic situation, economy, culture, education, and many other peculiarities. Although Arizona and Texas have differences such as nicknames, different touristic places to visit,...
Introduction This entire laboratory project consisted of four parts, in each of which the enzymatic activity of Alkaline Phosphatase was sequentially prepared or studied. Table 1 shows the absorbance data for each of the six test tubes: as can be seen, the difference between them was the concentration of the...
Introduction India has the world’s second largest population. Population explosion presents he problem of food insecurity to India. Food is considered one of the important element in Indian’s culture. Being a diverse culture, different Indian communities have different meals. Some food choices are influenced by religious practices Indians rely more...
Evolution is a consolidating factor in biology supported by pieces of evidence from unique areas of biology. The areas of biology to be studied for evolution pieces of evidence include anatomy, biogeography, molecular biology, and fossils (Festa-Bianchet & Mysterud, 2018). Over time, evolution changes the genetic composition of species. The...
Introduction Turkey, as it stands today, was founded in 1923 from the remnants of Anatolia after the downfall of the Ottoman Empire. Mustafa Kemal under whom the country went through a series of legal, judicial, social, and political and economic changes led the country. The country faced military coups in...
Introduction Cloning is the creation of an embryo by the method of human somatic cell nuclear transfer. This procedure involves implanting DNA cells from an organism into an egg whose DNA nucleus has been removed then chemically treated so that the egg begins to behave as though fertilization has occurred....
In these logs, we take a deep analysis of the various microorganisms and outline them to regular people who are interested in understanding various aspects related to treatment and symptoms for the microorganisms. Today, we will take a look into the Plasmodium Vivax eukaryote which has in the recent past...
The human body constitutes of cells. The cells vary according to their function but they work in harmony. Cells with similar characteristics make up bigger units called tissues which work in a specialized way. The human body is made up of different tissues that is muscle, nerve, epithelial and connective...
Executive Summary Flame test and chemical fingerprinting are analytical procedures that are used to identify metals or metalloid compounds. When subjected to heat, metals emit specific electromagnetic wavelengths, thereby, a particular color of light. The results of this experiment show that lithium gives off a red flame, sodium an orange...
In spite of the fact that scientists have significantly improved their knowledge of various genetic disorders, Down syndrome (trisomy 21) still needs to be studied. Nowadays, it is widely known that this genetic condition develops due to an extra copy of chromosome 21. People diagnosed with this health issue are...
Sustainable agriculture a system which combines animal and plant production in a given area. Sustainable agriculture is essential in that it ensures the earth can be reused and renewed by future generations. It focuses on using natural water, soil, and pest management instead of synthetic chemicals and petroleum-based fertilizers (Raliya...
Objective and Overview The goal of this lab is to produce a sample of pure aspirin crystals. Towards achieving this, the experiment utilizes the reaction of the salicylic acid with acetic anhydride, which yields aspirin and acetic acid. The word and chemical equation for the reaction can be illustrated as...
Aim The aim of this experiment was to identify critically the trend in the chemical properties of elements and compounds of period 3. The students were required to specifically study how the chemical properties of the oxides and chlorides of period 3 elements relate to each other and how the...
Introduction A Friedel-Crafts Alkylation reaction is an eletrophilic aromatic substitution reaction that is employed in introducing tert-butyl alcohol sets on an activated benzene derivative ring. Eletrophilic aromatic substitution entails production of a positively charge tert-butyl compound as a result of the reaction between the acid catalyst and tert-butyl alcohol. After...
The map of a country is among the most fundamental of a nation’s security policy. Geography is a very decisive factor in the determination of a nation’s defensive foreign policy. The geographical situation of a country is well on the way of determining whether a country is defensible or not...
Introduction Anthropology represents a summation of the most diverse theoretical points of view and efficient technologies for studying human beings. This scientific field balances between such strict disciplines as biology and the humanities like sociology and ethnography. This feature made it possible to develop universal approaches to the successful study...
The Cahokia Native American tribe and region are one of the most prosperous and extensive pre-Columbian civilizations on the continent. Recent archaeological discoveries have uncovered significant revelations regarding the sheer size of Cahokia and its numerous cultural and anthropological features. For its time, Cahokia was a complex and cosmopolitan city,...
Introduction The improved conditions of life have recently led to a higher rate of population growth. The development of industries, agriculture, and transportation allowed people to live longer and provide support for their families. Currently, human population growth is about 1% annually, while the global population increased from 1 billion...
Introduction Anthropology is the science examining human experience, and the same notion can be applied to religion. It is certain that historically, culturally, and socially, people differ based on religious perspectives. Thus, spirituality takes many forms, a notion that is most prominent when examining past religious branches, superstitions, and spiritual...
Teacup dogs are the name for the most miniature breeds of dogs created by humans. They are the result of selective breeding or genetic modifications occurring within laboratories. Teacup dogs were created to serve as a decorative breed; their primary purpose is to perform on various shows or be human...
Attention refers to the process through which the human brain selects specific information for further processing. Human beings have attention to help them focus on specific details and then create a memory. Through attention, one can extract information from the environment and send the required body response (Banich and Compton,...
Introduction Archeology is a broad discipline that relies on excavation, survey, historical documentation (publication), and aerial photography to discover various activities and cultures of the human past. There are many factors to consider when deciding on the research method to use. Primarily, the site and objective of the study influence...
Introduction Photosynthesis is fundamental to the energy flow process in living organisms. “Plants are the primary producers and they make use of sunlight to produce sugars for energy production.” (Govindjee, 1997, p. 45) Excess nutrients are stored and the plants are eaten up by herbivores and omnivores which rely on...
Abstract The knowledge of physiochemical properties of binary mixtures of solvents is of great importance for learning intermolecular interactions. The aim of the research was to investigate the hypothesis that the activation energy of a substance depends on intermolecular forces that arise in this substance. To test this hypothesis, activation...
Abstract This experiment aimed at using UV-Vis absorption spectra of different conjugated cyanine dyes to uncover the molecular attributes of the dye molecules. Three unknown solutions A, B, and C were diluted to various concentrations and their absorbance values determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Various plots were made to determine the...
Introduction Egypt is a transcontinental nation that extends to the southwest corner of Asia and the northeast corner of Africa. Moreover, the country is bordered in the north by the Mediterranean Sea, east by the Red Sea, south by Sudan, and west by Libya. Its capital city is Cairo, with...
Oxygen is a factor of respiration that generates energy in the body. Body activities require energy, including moving, stretching muscles, and relaxing muscles. Through the lungs as well as respiration systems, humans are able to breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide (Daniel et al. 35). The process through...
Introduction Egypt is regarded as one of the most ancient and principal civilizations, making an immense contribution to the development of humankind in all spheres of their activity. This Mediterranean country occupies the northeastern corner of Africa and the Nile River’s delta and the valley, bordered by Israel, the Gaza...
Historical Background The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the original home of Islam and the Arab people and occupies a large part of the Arabian Peninsula (Vassiliev, 2013). Saudi Arabian citizens mostly support the Arab and Muslim cultures that connect them with millions of people in different parts of the...
Introduction Biodiesel and soap are made through transesterification and saponification. Saponification is the process of reacting a triglyceride with an aqueous hydroxide ion to form glycerol and fatty acid salts (Weldegirma). It is used to manufacture soap. Biodiesel is a renewable alternative to diesel fuel produced from biological sources, including...
Introduction Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a mixture of hydrocarbon gases, a large fraction of which is propane and butane (Khabibullin et al. 2010, p.1). The composition of LPG at any particular time varies according to its source, processing principles and season (Khabibullin et al. 2010, p.3). For example, the...
Having access to a variety of food and drinks today, people would hardly think about their history. The availability of flour, salt, or sugar is usually taken for granted. Sidney Mintz, an American anthropologist, challenged the approach to treat food as something ordinary and focused research on the history of...
Introduction Animals are often taken for granted, being viewed as either pets, or an instant threat, or an annoying pest. However, understanding the role that animals play in people’s lives is essential. In a large category of animals, four smaller subgroups can be identified. These are farm animals, pets, wild...
Introduction A large percentage of people have continuously ignored scientific attests on the severity of global warming. According to research, the large-scale intervention will effectively counteract global warming effects. Environment advocates accentuate public to participate in all initiatives to counteract environmental degradation due to global warming. Dire messages about the...
Theoretical Background The use of instrumental chemical methods allows for reliable and accurate analysis of samples, regardless of the application or purpose of such analysis. In the present work, Trimyristin, the main constituent of nutmeg, was extracted and analyzed. Trimyristin is a triglyceride of myristic acid and saturated fat without...
Introduction A double-stranded DNA molecule copies itself to create two identical DNA molecules through the intricate process of DNA replication. All organisms follow this essential process, which guarantees the preservation of genetic information. A method or technique may instantly replicate billions of items—roughly 100 billion—if certain criteria are met. Protein...
Introduction Biomes significantly affect the characteristics of the natural environment. When a biome has many individuals of one species, it can dominate other species and force them to fight for survival. That is why biomes determine the life of many living beings. There are five main types of biomes: aquatic...
Background The United States may be regarded as the world’s largest economy with the following main indicators that remain impressive even affected by the COVID-19 pandemic: Key Indicators 2021 GDP (billions USD) 22,939.58 GDP (Constant Prices, Annual % Change) 6.0 GDP per Capita (USD) 69,375 General Government Balance (in %...
Background Cellular respiratory is a set of processes and reactions that occur inside the cells of a living organism. They aim at converting chemical energy from oxygen molecules to energy that can be used by body tissues (Budin 1186). Additionally, these reactions convert nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The cellular...
A paramecium is a singled celled living organism that belongs to the kingdom Protista. The organisms size is about 0.02 inches in length. They have an oval shape and are rounded on the front and tapered at the end. The organism has a pellicle which gives shape to the organism...
Introduction Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a versatile and critical reaction in molecular biology. The reaction is a landmark in molecular biology because it has made it possible for scientists to study minute quantities of DNA material. PCR involves the amplification of minute quantities of DNA into large quantities for...
Background Along with Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes and tetrapod offspring), the ray-finned fish Actinopterygii make up the familiar class of bony fishes, the Osteichthyans. Osteichthyans are distinct for having an air sac (a swim or lung bladder but this may be lost) and large dermal bone units on the head and...
Anthropology is the systematic and scientific study of humanity, which encompasses a wide range of fields. Its interests can span from mere human biology to human culture and societies. Anthropologists also study linguistics and ethnography with the main focus on humans. It is a highly important and essential field, which...
Introduction Living multicellular organisms are fragile biological systems that have the potential to be damaged by negative factors. Thus, touching the edge of the blade on the skin surface usually causes injury to the epidermis’ soft tissues. Nevertheless, somatic cells, which form the basis of tissues, are protected with regeneration,...
A hunter-gatherer society can be defined as one whose primary means of survival involves the direct gathering of plants like wild fruits and vegetables to the hunting of animals in the wild with no intention of domesticating them. (Barnard, 2004, p 23)From the basic definition given above, it is quite...
Introduction Developing cultural competence is necessary in the modern world because the countries’ borders become blurred, and people of different nationalities are prone to cooperate within various circumstances. To avoid any inconveniences and misunderstandings, acquiring knowledge about distinguishing features of major cultures is essential. In particular, getting acquainted with Brazilian...
Introduction Agricultural technology refers to the utilization of organisms and living systems in the development of products for human use incorporating techniques such as genetic engineering, molecular diagnostics, tissue culture, and molecular markers. Biotechnology is widely applied in agriculture to propagate desired traits in order to increase productivity. This is...
Territorial morphology The notion of state territorial morphology reflects how the territory of a state is located. There are such types of territorial morphology: compact states, protruded states, elongated states, fragmented states, perforated states (355). Cambodia is a compact state: its shape is almost round; Thailand is a protruded state:...
Abstract Water is the most abundant liquid on the planet that makes up more than 75% of the Earth. In addition, it is the major constituents in the bodies of many organisms. It is important for life because it is a solvent, temperature buffer, metabolite, and a living environment that...
Introduction Scientific discovery is a product of communication, politics, economics, and people’s unique personalities. The case of James Watson and Francis Crick finding the double-helix of the DNA structure is no exception. The two scientists and their colleagues lived through a major war, the outcomes of which brought great political...
Common and Scientific Name of the Plant Common Name: Tomato Scientific Name: Solanum Lycopersicum Anatomy of the Plant The tomato plant grows typically spreading or climbing, reaching heights between one and three meters. The tomato plant is an annual that is usually cultivated as a herbaceous perennial. It consists of...
Introduction It is essential to evaluate what occurs during a reaction on the molecular level to understand the kinetics of chemical reactions and the factors affecting them. Based on the collision theory of reactivity, reactions happen when reactant molecules collide effectively (Felder et al., 2020). However, for this collision to...
Making Observations and Asking Questions I visited WildCam Lab’s Data page, and the color-coding of the map according to plant type and natural features is described in a legend in the lower left corner of the screen. The orange dots show the locations of the cameras on the map. Any...
Introduction When an acid and a base are reacted, a neutralization reaction occurs whereby a solution and a gas are formed. This experiment tests the effect of temperature, concentration, and surface area on the rate of reaction. Temperature is defined as the degree of hotness or coldness of a substance,...
Introduction Also known as Emydocephalus annulatus, the turtle-headed sea snake lives in shallow coral reef waters. The snake is mainly found in Indonesia, northern Australia, and the Philippines. The name is derived from its pointed snouts that resemble a turtle. The snake has a habit of prodding cluster fish out...
Abstract Animal and plant cells contain specialized components that perform specific functions necessary for cell growth and development. These components are known as organelles and vary in size, composition, and location. The nucleus is the central organelle that carries genetic material. In addition, it powers most of the cell’s activities...
Introduction Microbiological examination of samples is a qualitative tool for their identification. Moreover, with the help of developed methods of laboratory analysis, it becomes possible not only to determine the belonging of a microorganism to a particular taxon but also to establish the strain identification of the sample in the...
Venezuela is located in the northern end of South America, with an area spanning approximately 354 thousand square miles. It has a 1,700-mile coastline bordering the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, administering a number of islands and archipelagos in those bodies of water. Venezuela is divided into three elevations...
The success of science depends on continuous research aimed at upgrading existing knowledge. As such the biological fields of science are undertaking such projects. One such project human genome project (HGP), one of the most important discoveries is aimed at not only identifying and defining all types of human genes...
The red blood cells (RBCs) are oxygen and carbon dioxide carrying cells found in the blood serum of vertebrate organisms (Starr, 143). They transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues, and carbon dioxide from the tissues to organs that get rid of them, such as lungs. The RBCs are...
Organelles Organelles are structures in a cell that have specific functions such as energy production and controlling growth. These cellular structures are embedded in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, they enable cellular processes to take place normally. Animal and plant cells have the same types of organelles....
Skull – consists of cranial and facial bones Cranial bones – these contribute to the cranium, which encloses & protects the brain; note they are separated by jagged boundaries called sutures; there are 8 cranial bones (note there is a right & left parietal and a right & left temporal;...
Introduction The aim of this experiment was to prepare a stereoisomeric mixture of secondary alcohols from the reaction of cis and trans 2, 6-dimethylcyclohexanone with sodium borohydride. 2, 6-dimethylcyclohexanone is a mixture of cis and trans isomers each containing a ketone functional group. The cis:trans ratio of 2,6-dimethylcyclohexanone used in...
Introduction Presently, the United States is experiencing an indefinite period in its history, which is characterized by various significant domestic and international issues, including the impending global crisis, social protests, and coronavirus pandemic. In this regard, to bring the state to a new level of economic and social development, a...
Introduction The Tanuki, also called the Japanese Racoon Dog, is a subspecies of the Asian Racoon Dog. In Japanese folklore, the Tanuki is a benevolent but sneaky rascal, which is why its statues, featuring giant testicles and wide-brim hats, are sprinkled across many Japanese cities and towns. The animal has...
Systems theory is a concept in biology and cybernetics that can be used in several diverse disciplines. It serves to explain relationships between separate components of one unity (a system, organization, or group of people). As it is known, a system is regulated by the structure and relationship patterns of...
The issue of ethnic minorities seems to have played a significant role in the history of the Turkish Republic. Amy Mills characterizes the Turkish nation as ethnically Turkish and religiously Muslim while mentioning many minorities that play a significant role in defining the identity of Turkey. According to Mills, even...
The methods and principles of anthropological research have always been a subject of heated debate among many scholars. Overall, it is quite possible for us to say that even now there is virtually no consensus as to this particular question. Our task in this essay is to compare various ethnological...
Introduction The first question this research attempted to explore was how different water treatments affect maximum plant height. The hypothesis stated that the greywater would result in shorter plants in the experiment because such water has potentially harmful chemicals and materials that may have adverse impacts on the soil in...
Introduction Wildlife is always deemed to be of great significance economically, ecologically, environmentally as well as culturally. It includes a wide range of species from amphibians, insects, birds to mammals. Thus, there is no doubt that there are some organisms that are native while others were introduced or re-introduced to...
Introduction The magical notion of alchemy is a modern construction. In accordance to this notion, a serious journal of science a completely wrong place for alchemy. But history believes otherwise. It is believed that the history of sciences is strongly interlinked with the scientific disciplines and the concept of “world-view”....
Introduction The evolution of life on Earth is a fascinating topic that has intrigued scientists and researchers for centuries. One of the most crucial milestones in the evolution of life was the emergence of multicellular organisms. The first multicellular organisms appeared approximately 900 million years ago, marking the beginning of...
Introduction Nearly 42 million acres of irrigated agriculture in the United States are at risk from salt buildup, which either already exists or could do so. It will be necessary to irrigate much of the undeveloped land in the world, which is located in arid and semiarid areas. Right now,...
Abstract The lab report aimed to investigate patterns of leaf herbivory and fungal occurrences on trees near the university campus in Raleigh, NC, USA. To collect data, a group of four students randomly examined leaves on selected trees and measured leaf area and the area of affected fragments. The data...
Introduction In the 20th century, a growing arms race led to the development of chemical weapons. A range of nerve agents was created by scientists in laboratories to be used in war conflicts. Soman (GD) is one of the most lethal and widely used nerve agents that allow destroying military...
Introduction The United States is one of the most urbanized countries in the world. It houses some of the largest and most attractive cities in the world. The cities attract visitors and residents from all over the world because of the opportunities they offer. Los Angeles and New York are...
Introduction Many of the biochemical reactions are carried out strictly in the presence of enzymes, special biological catalysts that help to accelerate and initiate chemical reactions. The essence of enzymatic reactions is based on a unique combination of substrate and enzyme, the relationship between which is individual for each pair...
Kakapo, or owl parrot, is an endemic species of New Zealand. Being distributed throughout its islands in the past, this bird is currently on the brink of extinction – in June 2020, only 210 were registered (New Zealand Birds Online, n.d.). The Department of Conservation of New Zealand introduced the...
General Information Much later than Mesohippus lived the horse species Merychippus, which inhabited the territory of modern North America about 17 million years ago. Despite the teeth modification, the diet of Merychippus is still herbaceous. Remarkably, Merychippus was the species of ancient horses that gave rise to parallel subspecies: apparently...
General Information The dolphin is a typical representative of the mammals of the cetacean class, which, despite living underwater, do not have gills for underwater breathing. In fact, the aquatic lifestyle has influenced the body shape of these mammals: dolphins have a dorsal fin and a streamlined long body shape....
Introduction Due to being one of the most formidable countries in various dimensions, the USA is frequently regarded as having had a great impact on the development of the world’s culture. In fact, there persists an opinion that cultural globalization is nothing else than Americanization of the world’s cultures. Quite...
Background Alcohol oxidation to aldehydes and ketones is vital during the synthesis of organic compounds. However, bleach can only directly oxidate some alcohols to carboxylic acids, ketones, or aldehydes. The shortcoming emerges because oxidation requires displacement of OH using NaOCl during substitution reaction (Chem 242: Lab Section, 2014). Most organic...
Introduction It can be said that anthropologists are one of the most ambitious and bravest scientists since their ultimate goals are to analyze every aspect of humanity and understand its complex, contradictory, and sometimes mystical nature. They have developed various methodologies, approaches, and concepts to achieve this during the existence...
Introduction Child obesity is a major health issue, which is becoming more prominent and severe. It is important to note that one of the most commonly accepted ideas is based on the environment and its related factors. However, the overall impact of one’s genes should not be overlooked because it...
Introduction Post-translational modification is the process by which a protein (polypeptide) is modified chemically after it has gone through the third stage of protein biosynthesis. This third stage is referred to as translation. It is part of the whole process of gene expression. Basically, a protein is made up of...
Background for the research Researching the influence of sustained tilt on the mass transfer of CO2 in a packed column, the basics of the floating production systems are going to be considered. One of the unit operations onboard floating systems is the gas-liquid contacting columns used to strip gases such...
Introduction The research on human body in view of the physical processes is as old as notions regarding the contemporary medicine. Naturally, the human body is a complex and an astonishing illustration of how physics applies itself in the daily living. In fact, the human skeletal muscles and joints are...
Background Prontosil (2,4-diaminoazobenzene-4’-sulfonamide) is a potential “sulfa drug” used in chemotherapy of especially “cocci infections” (streptococci, gonococci and pneumococci). In literature there are several methods to synthesize this compound and invariably the starting material is sulfanilamide (p-aminobenzenesulfonamide). Sulfanilamide is synthesized in lab from acetanilide treated with chlorosulfonic acid to acetaminobenzenesulfonyl...
The Anatomy of the Skeletal System The skeletal system is located in the whole body and may be divided into two parts: the appendicular skeleton and the axial skeleton. Researchers note that “the axial skeleton runs along the body’s midline axis and is made up of eighty bones,” including, for...
Introduction Billions of years ago, when the dense speck expanded, the matter and antimatter should have disappeared and left nothing but energy. Still, some amount of matter remained and filled the world with numerous particles (Sundermier, 2015). Those particles circulating through the dark matter across the universe might pass through...
My favorite taxon is rhinoceros. Modern rhinos, represented by a one-horned Indian rhinoceros with a pointed upper lip and a two-horned African rhino with a wide rectangular mouth, are pitiful remnants of a rich in species group of mammals. Many skeletons, bones, and teeth left from their predecessors in the...
Introduction Theoretically, the evolution of behaviors amongst organisms’ populations gets necessitated by diverse forces such as genetic drift and natural selection, which alter the rate of occurrence of the alleles in populaces. The change in population over time occurs in reaction to preference to or against a population subclass difference....
Reptiles are popular animals that can be easily identified by people due to their typical characteristics. For instance, snakes have always made human beings joining opposite sides of the discussion on whether they like them or not. To begin with, reptiles are a group of slithering animals that have a...
The CFTR gene has multiple alterations, which means that the delta-F08 mutation is not the only known one. By the research, and resting on the information provided in the table, there are many other mutations of the CFTR gene that might cause the appearance and development of the disease (Freeman...
Introduction The term blindness is used somewhat misleading in the designation of certain visual conditions in which visual acuity is not significantly reduces. Color Blindness, for example, does not involve a reduction of “visual sharpness and should more accurately be called a color-perception deficiency. Color blindness occurs almost exclusively in...
Anthropologists study the evolutionary origins of humanity intending to understand various diverse and distinct forms of cultural and social existence globally. By examining the behaviour of people in different communities, these professionals link past and present activities, local and universal practices, and time and space to understand human societies (Diah...
Microbiology studies the structure, vital functions, patterns, and developmental conditions of organisms. The name of science microbiology, one of the biological sciences, came from three Greek words: mikros – small, bios – life, and logos – study (Singh & Satyanarayana, 2017). In other words, microbiology is the science of tiny...
Introduction The origin of modern species has been the subject of study by many scientists, and it involves contrasting worldviews of creationism and evolution. Most people are adept with the primary arguments that Charles Darwin proposed in his famous book, On the Origin of Species, especially the proposition that the...
Introduction The world is not just people, flora and fauna that are on the surface. There are great many of other different organisms that exist in the world, but most people do not see them. The marine world is strange and unique; the organisms that inhabit it may be ranged...
Introduction A human organism is a complicated natural phenomenon, which is subjected to various influences of the environment, natural and human-made effects of certain activities. The whole set of these influences causes various diseases, mental or physical, and leads to several psychological disorders. Depression, anxiety disorder, feelings of sadness, and...
Summary Calorimetry makes it possible to determine the enthalpies of combustion for substances whose heat of formation cannot be found directly. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the enthalpy of combustion of Mickey Mouse Clubhouse in kilojoules using a bomb calorimeter. Benzoic acid was used as the calorimetric...
Mycobacterium Smegmatis & Bacillus Subtilis Endospore Stain: Abstract Endospore and acid-fast staining are differential staining procedures used to identify bacteria with unique cell properties. The purpose of this lab was to use endospore and acid-fast staining to distinguish between two bacterial species. Old liquid cultures of Bacillus subtilis and Mycobacterium...
