1292 samples of this type
Natural science essays study and describe natural phenomena. Based on experiments and observations, scientists discover laws and propose theories. They also use mathematics and logic to make correct conclusions, so they are capable of predicting some events.
Natural science is a broad term that includes several distinct disciplines. Some specialize in tiny objects, like microorganisms, elements, or atoms. Others explore the infinite space and ephemeral processes of life.
A more academic way to differentiate natural science is not based on the size of an object.
We will provide you with a range of great topics for your paper. Below, you will find writing tips and natural science essay examples!
Introduction Although there are substantial differences between male and female bodies, their reproductive systems have similarities. Understanding how these processes resemble one another is important in ascertaining the interconnected biology of men and women. The most important aspect of reproduction is that neither gender is self-reliant and needs the opposite...
Bean Experiment: Project Plan & Problem Statement This paper is an assessment concern with a dry mass of seeds. The assessment will deal with various ways of performing adaptable procedures of evaluating and monitoring changes in the dry mass of bean seeds during germination. It is an examination relating to...
Welcome to our essay sample on synthesis of triphenylmethanol from the reaction of the Grignard reagent! Here, you’ll find information on Grignard reaction procedure, TLC analysis, and other aspects of the experiment. Abstract In this experiment, triphenylmethanol was synthesized from the reaction of the Grignard reagent (phenyl magnesium bromide) with...
This Italy culture essay sample explores different aspects of Italian culture, including religion, art, language, and food. Check out our Italian culture essay to get some inspiration for your assignment! Many scholars consider Italy to be the birthplace of human culture and the cradle of civilization as we know it....
The Aim of the Experiment The objectives of the experiment were to study chemical trends of elements in period 3 of the periodic table by reacting with oxygen and chlorine and consequently examining the oxides and chlorides formed. Introduction Chemists developed and organized the periodic table to demonstrate the recurring...
In this soap making process writing example, you will find a detailed explanation of soap manufacturing process. Check it out if you need to write a soap essay. Abstract Making soap at home is a very rewarding experience. It is also a way of reducing home expenses since it is...
Mammals are vertebrates, and the main distinctive feature separating them from other animals is the presence of mammary glands. Other differentiating characteristics among mammals include integument, skeleton, and internal anatomical features. In modern times, this class of animals exists in three clades – marsupials, monotremes, and placental mammals. Marsupials are...
Location Japan is located in Eastern Asia, in the Pacific Ocean. Its latitude is approximately 36°N, and its longitude is approximately 138°E. It is situated in the northern and eastern hemispheres. It is an island country with four main islands (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu) and thousands of smaller islands....
Most chemical reactions are reversible. During a chemical reaction, reactants are usually converted into products. However, some products turn back into reactants at the same time. Chemical equilibrium can be described as a state in a reversible reaction where the speed of the forward reaction is equal to the rate...
Introduction England is a country that is located in the United Kingdom. It is bordered by Scotland, Wales, the Irish Sea, and the Celtic Sea and has many islands that are approximately 100. The main spoken language is English. It is one of the countries in which the industrial revolution...
Materials and Methods A stock solution of starch was prepared by mixing 1ml of starch with 2.5ml of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to form 3.5ml of the stock solution, which is enough for the experiment. Next, six test tubes were arranged in their rack and labeled one to six. To prepare...
The anthropological perspective is an incredibly complex and vast approach to our human civilization due to its holistic nature. The variety of research methods and subfields within anthropology are unique, as they often rely on scientific and humanistic disciplines to inquire about human nature. As such, the anthropological perspective reflects...
Microbes are ubiquitous. Thus, they live everywhere and can be found in different environments, like water, air, and animals. In addition, they can live in extreme temperatures, like high heat, humidity, or salt concentration. There is no place on Earth where no microbes would exist; they have adapted to live...
Introduction Spectrophotometry is an extensively and incredibly useful biochemical assay. It is used to verify an absorbing species identification or estimate the amount of a certain analyte in solutions (Akash and Rehman, 2020). When light is transmitted through a solution, some of the incident light is absorbed by the solution’s...
Introduction Meat is the most important source of micro and macronutrients, healthy protein, and vitamins such as B12. Without it, the human body would not have the shape people are accustomed to. It is the protein responsible for building muscles and connecting them to each other. This nutrient is one...
Carbon exists in a variety of allotropic forms, including graphite and diamond. The third allotrope of carbon is known as fullerene (Bhakta & Barthunia, 2020). A fullerene is any molecule composed entirely of carbon atoms in varying combinations, such as a hollow sphere, tube, or ellipsoid (Bhakta & Barthunia, 2020)....
The four physiographic regions of Europe comprise the Western Uplands, North European Plain, Central Uplands, and Alpine Mountains. Generally, the continent’s physical geography is characterized by its proximity to the ocean, extensive mineral resources, temperate climates, and various geologic features (White et al., 2011). Moreover, the division of these regions...
Why don’t the Baltic and North Sea mix? This question has been puzzling scientists for a long time. Aside from being a natural phenomenon, the two seas that meet in the Atlantic Ocean are also mentioned in the Quaran. People used to think that Baltic and North Sea have a...
Introduction Biodiesel and soap are made through transesterification and saponification. Saponification is the process of reacting a triglyceride with an aqueous hydroxide ion to form glycerol and fatty acid salts (Weldegirma). It is used to manufacture soap. Biodiesel is a renewable alternative to diesel fuel produced from biological sources, including...
Introduction A large percentage of people have continuously ignored scientific attests on the severity of global warming. According to research, the large-scale intervention will effectively counteract global warming effects. Environment advocates accentuate public to participate in all initiatives to counteract environmental degradation due to global warming. Dire messages about the...
Core/Periphery Areas, Obstacles to Transition, and Required Conditions The core-periphery model distinguishes between urban (core) areas that are better developed and the less developed rural (periphery) areas. The core-periphery model can examine countries, provinces, and cities’ economic, social, and political relations. The core-peripheral relationship is built on exploitation, where the...
One of the major attractions of the modern world is the ancient Egyptian pyramids. These structures are considered truly unique because they provoke a paradox in the mind when comprehending their scale in relation to time. In ancient Egypt lived, excellent astronomers, to determine the exact time of sowing, very...
Aim The aim of this experiment was to identify critically the trend in the chemical properties of elements and compounds of period 3. The students were required to specifically study how the chemical properties of the oxides and chlorides of period 3 elements relate to each other and how the...
Background Prontosil (2,4-diaminoazobenzene-4’-sulfonamide) is a potential “sulfa drug” used in chemotherapy of especially “cocci infections” (streptococci, gonococci and pneumococci). In literature there are several methods to synthesize this compound and invariably the starting material is sulfanilamide (p-aminobenzenesulfonamide). Sulfanilamide is synthesized in lab from acetanilide treated with chlorosulfonic acid to acetaminobenzenesulfonyl...
Coherent scattering occurs in the event of low radiation energy, limiting photon-electron interaction. The process happens when a photon passes a medium, but it can neither attract the electron nor cause power deposition owing to insufficient strength, although it changes direction, resulting in a systematic dispersion (Niederhuber et al., 2019)....
Introduction to Osmosis Osmosis is one of the important ways that plants and animals achieve homeostasis (Djelti 48). It is the process of moving water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of low osmolarity to an area of high osmolarity. Osmosis plays a vital role in the body of...
Introduction Biology is a scientific subject that studies living organisms relative to their interactions with each other and their immediate environments (Phelan, p. 1). On the other hand, life implies cells or a state of energy. The concept of life as cells implies that a life form can be made...
Introduction Photosynthesis is fundamental to the energy flow process in living organisms. “Plants are the primary producers and they make use of sunlight to produce sugars for energy production.” (Govindjee, 1997, p. 45) Excess nutrients are stored and the plants are eaten up by herbivores and omnivores which rely on...
Musculoskeletal System Anatomy The musculoskeletal system provides humans with the ability to move and perform different tasks using their skeletal and muscular systems. Therefore, the body gets its form, movement capability, and overall stability from the strength of its muscular and skeletal formations. The musculoskeletal system (also known as the...
The Aim of the Experiment This paper presents an experiment that was conducted to determine the activity of reaction of period three elements with Oxygen, Chlorine the reactions of the third row Chlorides and Oxides. The main aim of this experiment was to determine the optimum pH level. Introduction List...
I am a passionate, young, and ambitious neuroscience and molecular biology learner. Since middle school, I have been actively studying these topics and working on small projects independently during my free time. As a freshman, I was admitted into a 4-week Research in the Biological Sciences (RIBS) program at the...
Introduction Due to being one of the most formidable countries in various dimensions, the USA is frequently regarded as having had a great impact on the development of the world’s culture. In fact, there persists an opinion that cultural globalization is nothing else than Americanization of the world’s cultures. Quite...
Introduction Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a mixture of hydrocarbon gases, a large fraction of which is propane and butane (Khabibullin et al. 2010, p.1). The composition of LPG at any particular time varies according to its source, processing principles and season (Khabibullin et al. 2010, p.3). For example, the...
The main advantage of sexual reproduction is the fact that it introduces genetic variation. Giving new organisms half the genome of each parent means that they will be unique living beings rather than clones of their parents (Miller, n.d.). This random variation gives the species a chance to gain new...
In spite of the fact that scientists have significantly improved their knowledge of various genetic disorders, Down syndrome (trisomy 21) still needs to be studied. Nowadays, it is widely known that this genetic condition develops due to an extra copy of chromosome 21. People diagnosed with this health issue are...
Check out our essay example on Thick Description: Toward an Interpretative Theory of Culture. Here, you’ll find the meaning behind the definition of culture. Get some inspiration for your assignment with our Geertz’ Thick Description summary. Geertz’ Thick Description Summary Chapter by Chapter In “Thick Description: Toward an Interpretative Theory...
There are two main types of mutualism: symbiotic and non-symbiotic. In symbiotic mutualism, both parties involved benefit from the relationship. This type of mutualism is often seen in nature, where two species help each other exist. For example, many plants have a mutualistic relationship with bees; the bees collect nectar...
Introduction Background According to BCS (1996) interpretation of catalysis reactions can be carried out using transition state theory. The process of converting reactants into products involves formation of intermediate products that dissociate to form final products. in a non-directed reaction, a side reaction can result leading into formation of side...
Introduction The human tongue is a vital organ and serves several vital functions in the human body. The organ performs various functions in the human body such as tasting, digesting, and so on. The tongue is characterized by several muscles that facilitate its movements and functions. The organ has several...
Paper Outline Introduction The male or female reproductive systems form the human body’s reproductive system. During reproduction, the male sperms (gametes) are synthesized by the male reproductive system for the eventual fertilization of the female ova (oocytes). On the other hand, the female reproduction system plays an important role in...
The female reproductive system is a complex system of organs and processes intended primarily for producing offspring. The external reproductive organs function to protect the internal reproductive organs and provide a structure for sperm to enter (“Female reproductive system,” 2019). The vagina, ovaries, uterus, and fallopian tubes constitute the inner...
Attention refers to the process through which the human brain selects specific information for further processing. Human beings have attention to help them focus on specific details and then create a memory. Through attention, one can extract information from the environment and send the required body response (Banich and Compton,...
The human body constitutes of cells. The cells vary according to their function but they work in harmony. Cells with similar characteristics make up bigger units called tissues which work in a specialized way. The human body is made up of different tissues that is muscle, nerve, epithelial and connective...
Bromination/debromination which is an important organic reaction that aims in purification of crude cholesterol from impurities which include 3-cholestanol, 7-cholesten-3-ol, and 5,7-chlestadien-3-ol was performed in a laboratory scale for two weeks. Due to steric constraints, only cholesterol reacted with bromine and crystallized from the solution making it possible to be...
The UV-Spectrophotometer This lab instrument is used in the analysis of compounds based on their absorbance in the UV (200-400 nm) and visible (400-800nm) spectra. Its history dates the back to early 1800s when the diffraction grating was invented, enabling researchers to separate a light beam into its wavelengths. The...
Introduction to the Country France is a country in Western Europe, and it is one of the wealthiest and most populated nations in the region, as well as one of the most influential nations in the entire world. The population of France exceeds 63 million living in a territory of...
Background Along with Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes and tetrapod offspring), the ray-finned fish Actinopterygii make up the familiar class of bony fishes, the Osteichthyans. Osteichthyans are distinct for having an air sac (a swim or lung bladder but this may be lost) and large dermal bone units on the head and...
Introduction A Friedel-Crafts Alkylation reaction is an eletrophilic aromatic substitution reaction that is employed in introducing tert-butyl alcohol sets on an activated benzene derivative ring. Eletrophilic aromatic substitution entails production of a positively charge tert-butyl compound as a result of the reaction between the acid catalyst and tert-butyl alcohol. After...
Teacup dogs are the name for the most miniature breeds of dogs created by humans. They are the result of selective breeding or genetic modifications occurring within laboratories. Teacup dogs were created to serve as a decorative breed; their primary purpose is to perform on various shows or be human...
Introduction The magical notion of alchemy is a modern construction. In accordance to this notion, a serious journal of science a completely wrong place for alchemy. But history believes otherwise. It is believed that the history of sciences is strongly interlinked with the scientific disciplines and the concept of “world-view”....
Reproductive System Anatomy The reproductive system in both females and males is located within the lower part of the body. While the female system is situated within the pelvis, the male system resides outside the pelvis. The systems contain both internal and external organs. Internal male organs include the duct...
Acid-base reactions are important in both industrial chemistry and biochemistry. Every day people encounter acid-base reaction products at pharmacies, homes, shops, and even at work. A popular example of these products is sodium chloride which is found in common salt. This paper explains in detail the chemical reaction involved when...
Oxygen is a factor of respiration that generates energy in the body. Body activities require energy, including moving, stretching muscles, and relaxing muscles. Through the lungs as well as respiration systems, humans are able to breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide (Daniel et al. 35). The process through...
Introduction The giraffe’s long neck is a phenomenon that has perplexed researchers for a long time. It is also classified as the tallest mammal. The unique feature that distinguishes this animal from other animals is the long neck. People are not only perplexed by the way the giraffe is able...
A hunter-gatherer society can be defined as one whose primary means of survival involves the direct gathering of plants like wild fruits and vegetables to the hunting of animals in the wild with no intention of domesticating them. (Barnard, 2004, p 23)From the basic definition given above, it is quite...
Background The United States may be regarded as the world’s largest economy with the following main indicators that remain impressive even affected by the COVID-19 pandemic: Key Indicators 2021 GDP (billions USD) 22,939.58 GDP (Constant Prices, Annual % Change) 6.0 GDP per Capita (USD) 69,375 General Government Balance (in %...
Introduction Natural gas is a type of fossil energy occurring in a hydrocarbon gas mixture. It was first discovered in Iraq between the years 6000 and 2000 BC (Ma, 2017). This fossil gas was formed due to the ancient remains of animals and plants, such as diatoms that were buried...
Introduction Lake Mattoon is a man-made water reservoir located in central Illinois. It was created in 1957 to provide an additional source of water for the population of Mattoon and Neoga. Moreover, the lake is continuously stocked with various fish species, including catfish, bluegill, brass, and crappie. Today, lake Mattoon...
Dimedone is a well known organic chemistry compound that is yellow and solid in appearance, stable but sensitive to light un-compared to other oxidizing agents. Dimedone has a molecular weight of 140.1797g/mol and has a melting point of between 147–150oC (420-423oK). Dimedone molecular formula is (CH3)2C6H6(=O)2. This yellow crystalline substance...
Introduction The lab experiment aimed to characterize and describe the growth and colony appearance of distinct species of bacteria inoculated on three different media: enriched, selective, and differential. The selected bacterial strains were Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Streptococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and an unknown sample. Microorganisms exhibit distinct...
The phenomenon of the dew point is truly amazing in its simplicity. It can be observed on a regular basis, and it presupposes a change in the state of water, one of the most common chemical compounds on the Earth – or, to be more exact, the most common one...
Theoretical Background The electrical conductivity of a solution corresponds to the solution’s ability — or, more precisely, the dissolved substance — to conduct an electric current. This phenomenon’s theoretical basis lies in the substance’s dissociation plane when dissolved in liquid media. For most substances, water molecules cause intra- and intermolecular...
In these logs, we take a deep analysis of the various microorganisms and outline them to regular people who are interested in understanding various aspects related to treatment and symptoms for the microorganisms. Today, we will take a look into the Plasmodium Vivax eukaryote which has in the recent past...
Executive Summary Flame test and chemical fingerprinting are analytical procedures that are used to identify metals or metalloid compounds. When subjected to heat, metals emit specific electromagnetic wavelengths, thereby, a particular color of light. The results of this experiment show that lithium gives off a red flame, sodium an orange...
Introduction Agricultural technology refers to the utilization of organisms and living systems in the development of products for human use incorporating techniques such as genetic engineering, molecular diagnostics, tissue culture, and molecular markers. Biotechnology is widely applied in agriculture to propagate desired traits in order to increase productivity. This is...
Introduction This experiment aims to determine the ability of microbes to ferment carbohydrates (glucose) with the production of an acid and/or gas. The researcher’s goal is to determine whether bacteria can ferment a specific carbohydrate by using the carbohydrate fermentation test. Various microbial groups or species can be distinguished from...
Introduction Golden deserts sway in the Iranian steppe under the hot heat. The craggy boulders strewn throughout this terrain glisten in the distance when temperatures here exceed 70°C (158°F), which is a temperature record. Nevertheless, wildlife thrives, notwithstanding this arid environment. Surprisingly, the Asiatic cheetah is this ecosystem’s top predator....
Abstract Having a strong sense of self-identity is critical to coping and adapting through transitional periods in a person’s life. Any life change, such as relocating to a new house, starting a new school, and even coping with the loss of a relative, may influence how a person copes with...
Abstract Environmental studies provide learners with an opportunity to advance their knowledge of how organisms interact with their environment. The study enhances one’s knowledge of how the interaction shapes the species of organisms. Some species have gone extinct, while others have undergone significant changes to fit in the new environment....
Introduction General idea Erdal, 2003, states that this project seeks to provide fundamental information on the size of gas bubbles produced in oil from a cyclonic inlet to a gas/oil separator. FRAMES Separation BV support the work, and will consist of three phases: Phase 1 “Gas Carry under” – will...
Introduction Living multicellular organisms are fragile biological systems that have the potential to be damaged by negative factors. Thus, touching the edge of the blade on the skin surface usually causes injury to the epidermis’ soft tissues. Nevertheless, somatic cells, which form the basis of tissues, are protected with regeneration,...
Introduction The world is not just people, flora and fauna that are on the surface. There are great many of other different organisms that exist in the world, but most people do not see them. The marine world is strange and unique; the organisms that inhabit it may be ranged...
Introduction The present research paper synthesizes a number of legitimate sources in order to focus on globalization and its effects on Peru with special relation to environmental issues, crime, and disease in the country. The paper critically informs the reader of all these issues and their causes. The last section...
Introduction Animals are often taken for granted, being viewed as either pets, or an instant threat, or an annoying pest. However, understanding the role that animals play in people’s lives is essential. In a large category of animals, four smaller subgroups can be identified. These are farm animals, pets, wild...
Introduction Water on Earth is a finite source, and it is considered to be the most abundant compound in the biosphere. Water is on the surface, under the ground is found in vapor form and as precipitation. It is projected that 1.7% of the water on the Earth’s surface is...
Advantages and Disadvantages of Genetic Testing: Essay Introduction The progress of medicine and healthcare provides people with an opportunity to recognize health problems at their early stages and start treatment to avoid complications. There are many serious disorders and diseases that have genetics as one of the main causes, including...
Agriculture is an essential part of the State’s activities. Thus, like any other industry, it may experience changes over time. Hence, as part of this scientific project, I visited a field in Hong Kong. Prior to the introduction of alterations initiated by the British government, these territories were engaged in...
Abstract This work aimed to obtain Phenacetin from Acetaminophen using a nucleophilic attack mechanism. Reflux, ice-bath cooling and heating, and vacuum filtration procedures were used to complete the synthesis. The simpler materials were reacted to produce complex compounds presented in later sections of the paper. Melting point values were instrumentally...
An ocean can be one of the most fascinating creations ever. It can be terrifying to see such a vast water collection. But it can also be exciting to imagine such a habitat for millions of species. The rolling waves, the breeze, and the sand under one’s feet on ocean...
Staining allows us to detect microbes in the microscopic material, determine their number, and quickly study the morphological features of microorganisms. The ratio of bacteria to Gram stain is determined by their ability to retain the complex of gentian violet with iodine formed during the staining process. For coloring, the...
The book “Magic of the State”, written by Michael Taussig, is a combination of creative fiction and ethnographic writing. It is a book discussing many of the real world’s problems and trends, while presenting them in the form of a fictional state (Taussig, 2013). It is difficult to pinpoint what...
The sagittal crest is marked on the gorilla skull with red color. The sagittal crest is made of two parietal bones. Zygomatic bones of gorillas look wider and more robust than the human ones. Gorillas have a larger zygomatic arch that has a bigger surface, more volume, and works as...
Introduction Thermochemical reactions are an important object of study in general chemistry, allowing the study of thermal processes that occur during chemical interactions. It is well known that the whole set of reactions can be divided into exothermic and endothermic, depending on the thermal effect: heat can either be released...
This report aims to the benzoine condensation reaction for formation of new carbon compounds. These are cyanide ion and thiamine. Two processes of major significance in the biochemistry field are the sugar synthesis and sugar metabolism processes. Sugar, a carbon compound by itself is the input in these processes, the...
Vitamins are essential micronutrients needed by the body in small quantities. They are also essential for normal cell functions, growth and development. Vitamins are grouped into fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins. The body stores the fat-soluble vitamins in its fatty tissues and these facts are absorbed easily from dietary fat. On...
Introduction According to both written and archaeological evidence, plants have been a reliable source of medicine for human beings over a span of many thousand years. The first medicinal plants were probably discovered accidentally when a person tried the edibility of a plant and in the process discovered that it...
The Cahokia Native American tribe and region are one of the most prosperous and extensive pre-Columbian civilizations on the continent. Recent archaeological discoveries have uncovered significant revelations regarding the sheer size of Cahokia and its numerous cultural and anthropological features. For its time, Cahokia was a complex and cosmopolitan city,...
Introduction A windshield survey is a qualitative analysis that offers an overview of a community that is gathered using observation. It comprises of the annotations that one can make up for a community while driving through or by casual walk. Data regarding the community’s demographics may be obtained in the...
Introduction Researchers are in agreement that the ongoing agents of globalization, including trade liberalization, international migration, rural-urban migration, technological innovations, and global currency deregulation, have far-reaching implications on sustainable development (van der Velde et al. 2007; Zimmerer 2007). However, there are conflicting views on whether globalization has actually led to...
Concepts Phyletic gradualism is one of the theories that try to stress more on the genetic mutation and how one species can change to another totally different species through a combination of its better genetic features. The change seems to be slow and take quite some time before a total...
Introduction Measures of central tendency are values that fall in the midline of a given data set (Dodge, 2003). Measures of central tendency are often used in research to get an idea of where most data values lie. Other data measures that are closely related to measures of central tendency...
Introduction Ever since biochemical evolutionary processes caused the origin of life on Earth several billion years ago, the drivers of natural selection, heredity, and variability have resulted in a wide range of biodiversity. This diversity is the foundation for questions about what determines the properties of living matter in the...
Making Observations and Asking Questions I visited WildCam Lab’s Data page, and the color-coding of the map according to plant type and natural features is described in a legend in the lower left corner of the screen. The orange dots show the locations of the cameras on the map. Any...
Introduction Taiwan is an East Asian country near China in the North West Pacific Ocean. Did you know that China considers Taiwan part of its territory even though it is an independent nation? Other countries close to or neighboring the country includes the Philippines and Japan. Taiwan, also known as...
Background One of the central tasks of microbiological analysis is the identification of unknown microorganisms. The application of this need, namely the ability to qualitatively identify pathogens to select a plan for further clinical risk management activities, dictates the need for in-depth, detailed, and correct investigation of the strain and...
Heredity, also referred to as biological inheritance or inheritance, represents the process of passing on specific characteristics to the offspring from their parents because of the similar genetic composition. In terms of the biological approach to heredity, it pertains to the relationship between a particular trait with the organism’s genetic...
Kakapo, or owl parrot, is an endemic species of New Zealand. Being distributed throughout its islands in the past, this bird is currently on the brink of extinction – in June 2020, only 210 were registered (New Zealand Birds Online, n.d.). The Department of Conservation of New Zealand introduced the...
When you think of something to see in the Philippines, the first things coming to mind are likely Manila, the beaches of El Nido, or Mayon volcano. But what if I tell you there is a place just as deserving of your attention, and a mere two-hour drive from the...
Biogenesis is a term that was coined by British biologist Thomas Henry Huxley in 1870, describing the principle that all living organisms derive from organisms similar to themselves. The principle has been introduced in contradiction with the concept of spontaneous generation. Spontaneous generation, abiogenesis, refers to the idea that living...
Introduction Analytical balances are laboratory equipment that enables to conduct of precise weights measurements. It consists of a body, flat panel display (LED display), draft shield, door handle, four-level adjustment feet, and buttons. The vital part is a balance pan, on which weights can be put. Analytical balances are common...
Historical Background The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the original home of Islam and the Arab people and occupies a large part of the Arabian Peninsula (Vassiliev, 2013). Saudi Arabian citizens mostly support the Arab and Muslim cultures that connect them with millions of people in different parts of the...
This laboratory experiment demonstrated the method used to identify different bacterial shapes. The manual provides background information on the three most common bacterial shapes before providing manual guidelines for the examination and identification of respective bacterial shapes. It begins with extensive insight into bacteria and their unique characteristics. Bacteria are...
Introduction Microbiological examination of samples is a qualitative tool for their identification. Moreover, with the help of developed methods of laboratory analysis, it becomes possible not only to determine the belonging of a microorganism to a particular taxon but also to establish the strain identification of the sample in the...
Snakes are a widespread species that can be found in almost every part of the planet. While many people find them dangerous and even have phobias associated with snakes, they are interesting animals worthy of researchers’ attention. Due to the snakes’ inaccurate portrayal in media and culture, the general population...
Introduction Presently, the United States is experiencing an indefinite period in its history, which is characterized by various significant domestic and international issues, including the impending global crisis, social protests, and coronavirus pandemic. In this regard, to bring the state to a new level of economic and social development, a...
Introduction The study of the structure of DNA is important not only to biologist, but to every inquisitive mind and every person that is interested in knowing how this life we live is recreated. Many researchers have come up with findings which have contributed greatly to the body of knowledge,...
Spider Mating Ritual Research As shown in picture 1, male peacock spiders have a bright and colorful appearance, designed to attract females (Antonsen, 2019). However, their fascinating looks are only the tip of the iceberg, as these creatures have a whole slew of moves and signals aimed at gaining the...
The end of the 20th century resulted in various global protests and ideologies due to the insecurities associated with the changing world. These developments could be studied and understood using the concept of political construction of hopelessness. Brown et al. (2020) identify the term as the use of frustration, violence,...
Introduction William Foxwell Albright was an American archaeologist born in Chile. He is well remembered for his involvement in excavation of the biblical sites and his expertise in history and culture of the Near East. During his life, he conducted excavations at several places in Palestine. His most renowned work...
Charles Darwin has worked out a theory of evolution according to which all the species are united by a common ancestor. There exist some objections to this theory. These are mostly philosophical objections of those who claim about the existence of immutable essences stating that there are certain variations within...
Summary Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal evaluation of substances where deviations in physical and chemical properties of materials are quantified with changes in time or temperature. The purpose of this experiment was to use TGA to determine compositional information about an inorganic salt and formulate a series...
Food safety constitutes proper preparation, storage, and preservation of all foods. According to the United Nations Asian and Pacific Center for Agricultural Engineering and Machinery (APCAEM), an upsurge in international trade on agricultural products has made food safety a major concern. Furthermore, food safety is becoming a serious policy matter...
Introduction Archaeological excavations play a vital role in modern realities by helping people understand their history and acquire new facts about the past. One prominent illustration of excavations’ necessity is the Siberian Ice Maiden, also known as the Ukok Princess, found in the Altai regions of Russia. Although the body...
Abstract The study of pH has an increased value for clinical studies, mainly due to the buffering properties of some substances. The present experiment tested buffering for three samples: water, Alka-Seltzer, and milk. The results showed that Alka-Seltzer is characterized by increased buffering because it is most resistant to changes...
Introduction Biomes significantly affect the characteristics of the natural environment. When a biome has many individuals of one species, it can dominate other species and force them to fight for survival. That is why biomes determine the life of many living beings. There are five main types of biomes: aquatic...
Biogeochemical cycles are the transportations and transformations of chemicals in ecosystems (UCAR, n.d.). Some chemicals can be a part of a plant or an animal one day and then be a part of a river the next day. Biogeochemical cycles are of extreme importance for the planet, as they help...
Orangutangs The first species selected for observation are orangutangs in the San Diego Zoo. There are three species of the genus Pongo: Sumatran orangutan, Bornean orangutan, and Tapanuli orangutan (“Orangutan,” n.d.). Orangutangs, also known as red apes, live in the forests of the Southeast Asian islands (“Orangutan,” n.d.). These great...
The fluctuation of the deer population on Arizona’s Kaibab Plateau from 1905 to 1939 is an excellent example that demonstrates the importance of carrying capacity. This concept refers to the average population size of the species that the geographical area can support (National Geographic, n.d.). In other words, the environment...
Introduction The United States is one of the most urbanized countries in the world. It houses some of the largest and most attractive cities in the world. The cities attract visitors and residents from all over the world because of the opportunities they offer. Los Angeles and New York are...
Organisms grow and reproduce as a result of cell division. Eukaryotic cells are cells that have a nucleus enclosed within the nuclear envelope. The production of new cells in eukaryotic cells happens because of mitosis and meiosis (MacGregor, Adams, & Gilbert, 2019). The two processes involved the division of a...
One of the important aspects of marine biology is the study of how marine organisms exhibit a variety of physiologic adaptation that makes them suitable for the marine environment and particularly successful in a particular ecological niche within the overall marine environment. Phylum Porifera Phylum Porifera or Sponges are aquatic...
Introduction Egypt is regarded as one of the most ancient and principal civilizations, making an immense contribution to the development of humankind in all spheres of their activity. This Mediterranean country occupies the northeastern corner of Africa and the Nile River’s delta and the valley, bordered by Israel, the Gaza...
Introduction The experiment was conducted to determine the usage and purpose of spectrophotometer relative to Beer and Lambert’s law. Spectrophotometer is used in measuring the intensity of light absorption as described in Beer and Lambert’s law. In the experiment, Glucose and enzymes were provided and since glucose is not absorbent,...
Introduction The United States (U.S.) and Mexico are two large countries in North America, which shares several similarities and differences in various aspects. Geographically, both countries border each other; that is, U. S borders Mexico on the North. In the basis of security and criminology, corrections systems in U. S...
The aim of this experiment is to show how natural enzymatic reducing agents are as effective as the chemical ones. A reduction process is characteristically the gain of two hydrogen atoms or the loss of an oxygen atom, or both (Fox & Whitesell, 2007). This results to a structural configuration...
China’s political decisions have always been largely informed by the limitations of its geography. During the formative period of the Han empire, the fertile heartland of China lent itself to agrarian purposes, which made it defenseless against external forces. Back in a day, the main danger was violent nomadic tribes...
The graph describes the connection between relative humidity and temperature as well as the variations in these two parameters at different times of the day. The overall relationships exhibited are that the relative humidity increases as temperature reduces and vice versa. The peak relative humidity is measured at 6 am,...
Relevant Country History The founders of Italy can be traced to the Etruscans who originally were from Turkey, but settled in Italy for a short period creating a civilization that would soon be the foundation of Rome. Rome was ruled by seven kings until the time when the Roman Republic...
Informal Sector Defined Economies the world over are characterised by the concept of economic dualism. The dualism constitutes formal and informal business models or concepts. The informal sectors refer to all forms of business activities which fall without the precincts of all business activity regulated and governed by the state....
Abstract The knowledge of physiochemical properties of binary mixtures of solvents is of great importance for learning intermolecular interactions. The aim of the research was to investigate the hypothesis that the activation energy of a substance depends on intermolecular forces that arise in this substance. To test this hypothesis, activation...
Mycobacterium Smegmatis & Bacillus Subtilis Endospore Stain: Abstract Endospore and acid-fast staining are differential staining procedures used to identify bacteria with unique cell properties. The purpose of this lab was to use endospore and acid-fast staining to distinguish between two bacterial species. Old liquid cultures of Bacillus subtilis and Mycobacterium...
Introduction Anthropology represents a summation of the most diverse theoretical points of view and efficient technologies for studying human beings. This scientific field balances between such strict disciplines as biology and the humanities like sociology and ethnography. This feature made it possible to develop universal approaches to the successful study...
Introduction Tensile testing is vital a test synonymous with material scientists who subject a material sample to a controlled tension force until the yield point where the material fails. The essence of performing this test is that it aids in quality control, selection of a material meant for a specific...
Abstract Geographical Information Systems (GIS) is an emerging tool for effective waste management as well as an efficient method for sitting landfills and other dumpsites. Due to the global shortage of land for solid waste disposal especially near the major towns and cities, landfilling areas must be well selected to...
“Romanticized landscape” by Barry Lopez In his essay, The American Geographies, Lopez deliberates on the essence of nature presented through people’s perception. In particular, the author believes that a romantic vision of the American landscape prevents people from understanding the essence of the real scenery and embraces the overwhelming meaning...
Abstract Plants regularly require a variety of minerals and nutrients that are available in the soil for healthy growth and development. Any form of deficiency in one of the required elements often comes with a deterioration of the plant’s general condition. In this lab experiment, tomatoes were nurtured in diverse...
Introduction In the chapter “Witchcraft explains unfortunate events”, Evans-Pritchard states that Azande perceive witchcraft as a power that may lead to misfortune when it establishes contact with other events. Even though it is an ordinary and casual phenomenon for them, Azande do not refer to it when discussing all possible incidents....
This paper is aimed at discussing the similarities and differences between cats and dogs. These animals are often regarded as bitter antagonists that cannot co-exist. Nevertheless, they can actually bear resemblance to one another. For instance, one should mention their interactions with people and their eating habits. Nevertheless, it is...
A fire has formed an important ingredient of societal cultures and religions, from historic times to our present world, and has played a key role in the advancement towards civilization. The fire has taken different trends all through the history of our world. For thousands of years, people have used...
Introduction Scientific discovery is a product of communication, politics, economics, and people’s unique personalities. The case of James Watson and Francis Crick finding the double-helix of the DNA structure is no exception. The two scientists and their colleagues lived through a major war, the outcomes of which brought great political...
Introduction The Halifax Waterfront is located in Nova Scotia and represents a dynamic waterfront area that combines industrialization and nature. This study aims to survey and explore the Halifax waterfront area. This is important to collect data for analysis and study it to understand people’s impact on the natural environment...
Introduction Nearly 42 million acres of irrigated agriculture in the United States are at risk from salt buildup, which either already exists or could do so. It will be necessary to irrigate much of the undeveloped land in the world, which is located in arid and semiarid areas. Right now,...
Introduction It is essential to evaluate what occurs during a reaction on the molecular level to understand the kinetics of chemical reactions and the factors affecting them. Based on the collision theory of reactivity, reactions happen when reactant molecules collide effectively (Felder et al., 2020). However, for this collision to...
Introduction The improved conditions of life have recently led to a higher rate of population growth. The development of industries, agriculture, and transportation allowed people to live longer and provide support for their families. Currently, human population growth is about 1% annually, while the global population increased from 1 billion...
Nowadays, there are numerous kinds of mushrooms, which can be an issue for foragers. While there are mushrooms that are safe to consume, there are poisonous species that are infamous for their toxins and lethal outcomes, along with other effects. Furthermore, some of such inedible mushrooms have similar appearances to...
Genetic cloning is a biotechnological manipulation whose result is to create a genome-identical clone for a given species. Cloning any species, from E. coli to humans, is a matter of time and technical sophistication, so it is highly likely that after the relatively successful experiments to create a somatic clone...
Despite the rapid development of technology and society, some countries lag behind others in some aspects. Therefore, the comparison of States is of particular importance. This work examines the similarities and differences between countries such as Singapore and the United States of America. This process is necessary to identify those...
Introduction At first, the geographical information system (GIS) refers to a network that establishes, controls, assesses, and maps entire data classifications. On the other hand, remote sensing is the database gathering regarding a phenomenon or an object without making any actual contact with it, compared to on-site or in-situ monitoring...
Unlike the ancient one, modern man is developing much faster, and this year, from the point of view of evolution, is equal to the previous century. The population of the Earth today is much more diverse than before. People differ by race and nationality and by physical and intellectual level,...
Salmonella was discovered in the XIX century and was named after an American veterinarian Daniel Elmer Salmon who discovered it. Salmonella is divided into six subspecies, and salmonella enterica is one of them. Salmonella enterica is a bacterium of the genus Salmonella. As a rule, it is contained in raw...
