Quantitative Reasoning in Mortgage Calculations

Introduction The increasing cost of housing during the 21st century pushes people to opt for mortgages despite having a low income. As a result, banks provide loans to help individuals settle mortgage charges. The loans depend on the type of mortgage selected by the loanee. However, during the purchase of...

Summary Statistics and Descriptive Analysis

The first step to using summary statistics is by understanding the type of data being dealt with. The fundamental difference between categorical and continuous level data is that quantitative variables prompt the question, how much? Whereas categorical variables prompt the question, what type? Hasted (2018) researched that quantitative variables can...

The Mean, Median, and Mode: Measures of Central Tendency in Statistics

Introduction The mean, median, and mode are important measures of central tendency in statistics, and they can be calculated in a given statistical data set to make inferences and draw conclusions. While the values of the mean, median, and mode can be different, they can also be the same, especially...

Why Some Stars Are Red Giant and Others White Dwarfs

The red giants are larger than the usual primary stars in a row. Regardless of temperature, larger giants can have more light. The light grows in proportion to the size of the star. When compared to the size of the earth, white dwarfs are tiny. In the white dwarfs, there...

Plate Tectonic of the Dominican Republic

The topic of plate tectonic of the Dominican Republic is extremely important for geology in general. The subject of tectonic plates is also essential for understanding the mechanisms of the Earth’s existence. However, in tectonics, several issues should be studied in more detail. To do this, one should consider the...

The Future of the Space Missions

The current obsession with space discoveries leaves enough room for innovative developments in the area that are expected to take humanity closer to interplanetary missions. According to Thisdell, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) represents one of the most vigilant countries when it comes to space missions. With the aid of...

Oceanography: Discovering Plate Tectonics

Wegener’s hypothesis, known as the theory of continental drift, was based on a wide range of data from geological expeditions worldwide. He was intrigued by the division of the American continents and worked to explain their non-standard shape. In addition, Wegener studied animal and plant fossils on the coastlines of...

Aspects of Qualitative Research Methods

Qualitative research is aimed at obtaining valuable data on the deep motivation of respondents and detailed information about the subject of research. Qualitative methods involve the collection of information in free form; they focus not on statistical measurements, but rely on understanding, explaining, and interpreting empirical data. Additionally, they represent...

Archimedes’ Principle Experiment: Determining Gravity of Objects

Experimental Objectives To determine the specific gravity of different metallic objects that are denser than water To determine specific gravity of a liquid To determine the specific gravity of wood which is less dense which water is denser that it Theory By definition, density ρ0 of a substance is “a...

Math: Functional Analysis

“Functions are mathematical ideas that take one or more variables and produce a variable. You can think of a function as a cook that takes one or more ingredients and cooks them up to make a dish. Depending on what you put in, you can get very different things out”....

A Brief Review of T-Test

Generally, t-test include five assumptions that have to be taken into consideration at all times when the analysis is executed. As discussed by Kim and Park (2019), first, the scale of measurement applied to the collected information follows an ordinal or continuous scale. Second, the data is derived from a...

Four Big Validities: Internal, External, Construct, Statistical

Romantic Red Revisited: Red Enhances Men’s Attraction to Young, but not Menopausal Women Internal Validity The internal validity of a study is the extent to which cause-and-effect relationships are established between variables. The study by Schwarz and Singer (2013) aimed at understanding if the red background was associated with increased...

Applying Null and Alternative Hypotheses

The null hypothesis is a hypothesis which states that there is “no effect, no difference, or no relationship among the variables being studied” (Smith, Gratz, & Bousquet, 2009, p. 161). Conversely, the alternative hypothesis is a hypothesis that claims that there is an effect, a relationship, or a difference between...

The Proxemics of the Mediated Voice

The author starts the article by highlighting the importance of voice in everyday communication, particularly the fact that it can be used to define the communicative distance between the listener and the talker. He states the aim of the article as being an attempt to address the difficulties arising out...

Science and the Truth

Introduction The pursuit of knowledge or truth is an integral part of human existence. Science, as a body of knowledge that seeks to realize the truth through systematic approaches, is one of the commonly embraced reality approaches today. However, several instances show that science could either converge towards the truth...

Statistical Analysis of Video Games and Their Relationship with Aggression

If there is a correlation between two variables that tends to be close to linear (that is, if one variable changes, the other also does so), this tendency can be demonstrated on a Cartesian coordinate system by drawing a straight line to which the data points converge. How scattered the...

Mathematical Induction: Origin, Key People and Usage

Mathematical induction is traditionally defined as a mathematical method, or a type of a mathematical proof, which is used when the necessity to prove that in the following expression: “(fg)’ = f’g + fg’”, “for every integer n >= 1, the derivative of f(x) = xn is f'(x) = nxn...

A Comparison of Canada and the US: Economy, Demography & Infrastructure

Canada and the US are countries that are located in the American continent. Both countries are relatively large, and they occupy a large part of the North American region (Reynolds 7). Canada and the US are countries that have many similarities, although they are slightly different in terms of resources,...

Space and Cyberspace Deterrence

For decades the US army has emphasized deterrence, basing their advancements on nuclear weapons to improve their defense services. The army significantly invested in huge war tanks, ships, and aircraft. Currently, a broader challenge spectrum faces army deterrence, including space and cyberspace. Many third-world countries like the US, China, Russia,...

The Use of the Biostatistics Course

Introduction A correct understanding and interpretation of the concepts of mathematical statistics used in the analysis of the obtained data are essential for accurate decision-making. Statistical methods enable one to narrow the interval of uncertainty in their decision-making. Incorrect application of statistical tools leads to false conclusions and interpretations of...

World Hunger: Key Facts and Statistics

Introduction It is important to note that world hunger still remains to be one of the most critical problems on the global scale. Although humanity achieved massive progress in the development of advanced technology, which created an unprecedented level of prosperity and abundance, hunger still impacts the most vulnerable groups....

Studying the Venturi Effect Through Water Flow Calculation

The Venturi effect is of particular importance in fluid dynamics, characterizing the pressure drop of a fluid as it flows through narrow spaces. The Venturi effect is named after the Italian scientist Giovanni Battista Venturi, who is also known for his work in optical physics (Gallitto et al., 2021). The...

Oral and Written Sources: Understanding the Historical Social Reality

Source is a material product of the purposeful human activity, it is a historical phenomenon caused to live by certain conditions, tasks, and goals. Therefore, it is essential to understand what the historical social reality in which it arose was. Any source, whether one is talking, written, physical, or oral...

“Effects of Classroom Testing” by Microcomputer

Author, F. (1776). Effects of classroom testing by microcomputer. Journal of ABCDE, 99(9), 9-19. Problem Recently Active Shooter rates have been on the rise, while general Homicide rates keep decreasing. Research into the reasons for these crimes, the means through which they are executed, and the motivation of killers has...

Moist and Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rates

Adiabatic lapse rates refer to temperature changes as altitude increases with no heat loss or gain to and from the surrounding environment. Adiabatic lapse rates can be distinguished as dry or moist. Condensation and latent heat release make the Moist Adiabatic Lapse Rate (MALR) slower than the Dry Adiabatic Lapse...

The Differences between Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods

Generally, qualitative and quantitative studies are two types of research conducted in science. The first type is designed to learn as much as possible about the properties of the phenomenon or object being analyzed. There are no strict criteria for how information is collected — a free form can be...

Analysis of Statistical Significance

Introduction Statistical significance relates to the null hypothesis’ determination, which postulates that outcomes result from chance. According to Benjamin et al. (2018), a hypothesis is a presupposition or belief about the relationship between one’s data set. On the other hand, the null hypothesis, commonly denoted as H0, relates to a...

Objectives, Questions, and Hypotheses in Qualitative and Quantitative Research

The purpose of qualitative research is to evaluate a phenomenon and identify the factors that influence it significantly. It often begins with a limited understanding of the situation and the expected outcomes, discovering them through analysis of information collected over the course of the study. As such, qualitative research objectives...

Experimental Designs in Research

Introduction The experimental design is among the most systematic and comprehensive survey blueprints. This approach encompasses manipulating a single or more independent variable as treatments, the random allocation of participants to various treatment levels, and the observation of treatments’ consequences on outcomes. There are three primary experimental designs, namely quasi-,...

Evaluation of UFO Arguments in Articles by Hynek and Condon

The articles by Hynek and Condon are both dedicated to the topic of UFOs and their public perception. Despite the ten-year gap between the publications of both pieces, the general idea of the authors is the same – subjective experiences ought to be considered with caution. However, the implications of...

Relationship Between Gender and Death Anxiety

Introduction This critique is concerned with the qualitative article by Sharma et al. (2019) entitled “Death anxiety among elderly people: Role of gender, spirituality, and mental health.” The authors conceptualized spirituality and death anxiety and provided a brief literature review concerning the research on the matter. Sharma et al. (2019)...

Newton’s Third Law With an Example

According to Newton’s Third Law of Motion, a body exerting force on another body experiences a force equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. As bodies experience acceleration proportional to the magnitude of the force and inversely proportional to their mass, lighter objects exerting force on heavier ones accelerate away...

Metallic Materials for Aerospace Industry

Introduction Aircraft building is a complicated process that requires meticulous selection of the right materials. Engineers must fully understand the qualities and limitations of all construction materials in order to make the right selection. Ideal metals for aircraft production often have minimal weight, are corrosion, fatigue, heat, and crack resistant,...

The Four Lenses of Liberal Arts

Introduction The four lenses of liberal arts are used to examine topics from different points of view. They allow one to understand not only what a topic entails, but how its came into existence and why different opinions of it can form. They also help one to form a more...

How the Biosphere Is Supported by the Other Three “Spheres”

Introduction Earth’s surface represents the point of four spheres’ meeting, where they overlap and interact. The atmosphere is the outer gas shell of the Earth, the lower border of which lies through the lithosphere and hydrosphere. The hydrosphere is a water shell of the Earth, which includes all waters on...

Critical Analysis of Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research

Introduction Qualitative research is not precise and sometimes looks vague because of the extreme broadness of the area to be covered, hence the difficulty in defining it. Firestone (1987, p.17) states that qualitative research methods are established on a “post-positivistic, phenomenological world view”, with assumptions that social constructs define reality...

“The Greatest Common Factor” by Khan Academy

Exploring new mathematical models often involves difficulties in perceiving information and an inner desire to find more straightforward explanations. If geometrical patterns are understandable due to their visual representation, it seems more challenging to work with abstract numbers. It is necessary to be completely honest to say that I have...

The Scientific Method in the Real Life

It goes without saying that the scientific method plays a highly essential role in the design and performance of experiments. In general, the scientific method may be defined as a series of specific processes that investigators may use in order to gather impartial, systematic, and well-founded knowledge and answer particular...

Combinatorics. Using in Different Fields

Introduction Combinatorics is a section of mathematics that is primarily used for efficient counting of various things. At the basic level, it addresses such problems as enumerating all the ways in which a certain structure with some given properties can be arranged, or proving if such a structure could exist....

The Objectivity of Science: Can Science Be Fully Objective

Introduction The question of objectivity in the practice of science is problematic for various reasons. First, scientific theories are based on objectivity claim that they have unique access to truth. This assertion is premised on the argument that empirical science, or what is commonly known as measurable science, can validate...

Geology of the Abiquiu Embayment in New Mexico

Abstract The Abiquiu Embayment is to be found in north-central New Mexico. Through the (angular) unconformity way, both sedimentary and volcanic (rocks) superimposes pre-tertiary ones. Chicoma is the oldest form of volcanic formation. latite and andesite (flows) are its main components. It has a thickness that can measure up to...

The Concept of Ways of Knowing

‘Ways of knowing’ generally refer to the deductive way of questioning what it implies or means to recognize; or know something. From the pursuit to address this area of dispute; science has deduced through discovery ways of multigenerational and empirically obtaining confirmable knowledge and information under a limited ‘domain of...

Chi-Square Test: Statistical Assumptions

Statistical Assumptions Chi-square test applies when the following assumptions prevail (Goodwin, 2010). The test should aim to determine the association between two variables, which must be on an ordinal scale or a categorical scale. The independent variables must have two or more nominal or categorical groups. The categorical groups should...

Defining Interactive Suppressions: Two-Tone Suppression

Introduction investigation of principles and tendencies in two-tone suppression by the application of the method of pulsation threshold two-tone suppression is an interesting natural phenomenon of sound suppression (the sound is called the suppressed) and declines in its perception by the respondent in case the suppressor, or the second, accompanying...

Case Study Method of the Research Design

One of the approaches to research design is called the case study method. It consists of describing a case, which may be of interest, for instance, because it is very common or highly atypical, and extensively analyzing it to explore, explain, or describing it in detail (Holly, 2014; Polit &...

Concepts of Validity and Reliability in Research

Introduction Validity refers to the degree to which counts from a measurement stand for the variable they are meant for. Conversely, the term reliability denotes the constancy of an investigation or test. These two concepts go hand in hand during research and contribute to the credibility of the investigation. This...

Social Research Methods and Common Mistakes

Introduction Identifying research questions and subsequent hypotheses may present difficulties for researchers, especially for those who do not have sufficient experience in scholarly investigations (Wollman 2013). The most common mistakes made during this process are related to the scope of the research problem. The first type of difficulty is mistaking...

Qualitative Interview in Phenomenological Research

The qualitative interview held in terms of the phenomenological research is characterized by certain peculiarities. Creswell (2012) notes that the researchers should have interviews with 5 to 25 people who experienced the phenomenon under study. Importantly, the phenomenological study aims at identifying the central reasons for people’s behavior or attitudes....

Made Ground’s Characteristics

Abstract The main aim of the paper is to categorize and classify the different forms of the made grounds. As made grounds are a category of the artificial man-made ground, the paper first delineates the different areas of the artificial ground and how the made ground can further be classified....

Validity and Reliability of Psychological Tests

Introduction Validity is the effectiveness of a scale score giving a sound and meaningful reflection of what it is intended to measure while reliability is validity is the correctness of a scale score in measuring what it claims to measure. Explain the types of reliability and validity are used Test...

Demographic Variables: Plan for Data Analysis

Plan for Data Analysis of Demographic Variables To identify associations between the demographic variables, correlational descriptive statistics tests will be used. The correlation coefficient will be the key focus to show how closely the two or more variables are related. The regression equation and the correlation coefficient will be calculated...

Teleportation: Physics of the Impossible

Introduction Teleportation is described as the action or capability of transferring matter instantly from one point in time and space to another point of the same nature. As much as it was first conjured by fiction writers, Teleportation has been the subject of wide discussions all over. It is generally...

Astronomy: International Space Station

The space station operating at an international level, known as ISS, is a partnership operation comprised of several countries with a common objective of conducting space explorations that take place within the Station. ISS mainly focuses on laboratory research which is regarded as among the challenging political as well as...

The Mixed Method Research (MMR) Approach for Comprehensive Data Analysis

Introduction The Mixed Method Research (MMR) Approach is a systematic technique for collecting and analyzing data using qualitative and quantitative data collection in one study. The basis of MMR is to utilize the strengths of qualitative and quantitative data collection designs (Dovetail Editorial Team, 2023). MMR is a problem-centered research...

Statistical Analysis of Consumer Taste Preferences with Chi-Square

Importance of Statistical Analysis Performing statistical analysis is an essential procedure for making informed and data-driven decisions. Any choice, be it organizational, household, social, or business decisions, can be based on personal beliefs and vision of the environment alone; however, the practical value of such conclusions will be lower than...

Analyzing the Performance of Los Angeles Lakers and Chicago Bulls Using Statistical Methods

Introduction: Problem Statement The problem addressed in this project involves analyzing a large set of historical data for two basketball teams, the Los Angeles Lakers and the Chicago Bulls. The goal is to conduct statistical analyses and derive insights to improve their respective performances using the Python programming language to...

Coefficient of Determination in Regression Analysis

In regression analysis, the relationship between dependent and independent variables is the focus of all calculations. The quality of all measurements and their connections have to be checked to ensure that the results of a research show correct results. To achieve this goal, such measures as the coefficient of determination...

Why Most Published Research Findings Are False by Ioannidis

The article “Why most published research findings are false” elaborates on why most recent research is not reliable. Research findings are assessed based on the study power, biasness, and connection between variables under study. In case field studies are less than required, the chance of the findings being wrong is...

Dangerous Knowledge in the Context of Geology

Introduction The phenomenon of dangerous knowledge might seem like a self-contradictory one since knowledge is usually considered to be the source of global well-being and the promotion of progress. However, when representing a collection of facts on a singular issue and being applied as a means to unethical ends, without...

Three Types of Research Methodology

In managing research in any area of life, it is imperative to employ procedures to collect data and analyze it. When viewed in that perspective, it is referred to as research methodology. Research methodology is a critical decision in the whole process of an individual’s research. Developing one’s research methodology...

Positionality and Perspective in Qualitative Research

Introduction and Definition Research processes require sharing of spaces between the researcher and participants. A researcher may take a stance on a particular subject by forming biases and perceptions of others and how outsiders perceive them. Participants may have a specific belief that contradicts the ontology and epistemology of the...

The Relationship Between the Range and Time of Flight of a Cannonball

Abstract In this work, an experiment was conducted to establish the relationship between the range and time of flight of a cannonball as a function of its initial velocity of departure from the cannon. It was determined that the cannonball would fly farther and longer if the initial velocity was...

The Lazer Company Null and Alternative Hypotheses

Summary The contract that Lazer company for a part of Boeing corporation has to have a diameter average equal to 6 inches and a standard deviation of 0.10 inches. Below are discussions and explanations to help the Lazer company with what they should conclude, given the mean of the diameter...

The Discovery of the Rings of Saturn

The discovery of the rings of Saturn presents a case of many observations performed throughout the history of humanity. People discovered Saturn early in prehistoric times because Saturn is easily visible to the naked eye despite being the most distant planet. The five planets visible to the naked eye presented...

The Andromeda-Milky Way Collision

Humanity tends to think about hypothetical events that could happen in space in billions of years. One of these is the possibility of a collision of two galaxies – Andromeda and the Milky Way – in 5 billion years (PBS Space Time, 2018). This question was raised even centuries ago...

The Decrease of the Pull of the North and South Poles

The main proof that the Earth is an oblate ball can be found with the help of a magnetometer. This shape is possible because all the angles of the magnetic poles represent different values. The Earth swells more at the equator as the world rotates due to the high magnitude...

10 Types of Variables in Research and Statistics

The article “10 Types of Variables in Research and Statistics” by Indeed Career Guide has several advantages. Although it is written by a somewhat commercial website, the work presents an informative introduction to statistics, namely the variables. The language of the article is concise and can easily be understood by...

Emotions in Scientific Research

Scientists can hardly be completely objective when they conduct any research. First of all, research is based on the already existing ideas of scientists about a certain phenomenon or object. For example, Achenbach (2015) notes that scientists say GM foods are safe because there is no evidence to the contrary....

Copernicus and Newton and Their Role in Astronomy

Classical astronomy was based on Aristotle’s concepts and was relatively rudimentary. Centuries after the times of Aristotle, a lot of beliefs started to shift, and scientific revolutions began to produce more discoveries. Galileo and Copernicus contributed to science by proposing their theories about the cosmos. Copernicans believed that stars, like...

Nikola Tesla’s Biography and Achievements

Introduction Nikola Tesla is recognized as one of the most controversial yet brilliant scientists in the history of humankind, and his importance for many fields is conditional upon the development of numerous ideas and inventions. In many ways, he is considered as a man of creations far ahead of his...

Analyzing Articles on Data Collection Using Unobtrusive Measures

Article Critique Typically, during research, an investigator has to be physically present to collect data; this can influence the respondent’s response and behavior. The consequence of the participant’s responses is altered or biased results. Unobtrusive information collection methods may be used to resolve some of these data errors. The purpose...

Physics. Friction: Ways of Increasing and Reducing

As a fundamental physical process, friction is an essential characteristic of the mechanical interaction between contacting bodies and their surfaces. Indeed, it is only theoretically possible to assume perfectly smooth surfaces that do not experience friction, since in practice achieving such a condition seems impossible or extremely difficult. Friction between...

Work and Energy Forms in Physics

Work is a measure of energy transfer between a system and the adjacent regions. Potential Energy (PE) and Kinetic Energy (KE) of an object increases when positive work is done on it when there is no friction present. Work is done when the force exerted on the object causes a...

Mathematics. The History of the Number Zero

Exploring the mathematical sciences through a historical paradigm can seem confusing because it is difficult for the human mind to perceive this knowledge’s artificiality. For example, numbers and number relationships seem to be perfectly natural phenomena whose patterns can be found in the study of plants, genetic mechanisms, or population...

Statistics: Significance of Statistics

Introduction Statistics is a course that is advantageous and becomes ingrained in one’s life. The importance of statistical data is almost infinite, as demonstrated by confidence theory and science (Harris et al., 2017). Metrics are important because they provide accurate information about circumstances. However, several fields are abusing statisticians in...

Importance of the Literature Review in Research

The literature review is a fundamental part of any research, as it highlights already existing knowledge on the studied topic. Baker et al. (2015) analyzed sources related to the state of delirium and the ability of nurses to determine it. For example, Voyer et al. (2008) discuss the assessment of...

Riding the Bull at Gilley’s” by Scully

Scully and Marolla discussed psychopathological assumptions on the conduct, psychological processes, and instincts of rapists. They found out that the psychopathological model of rapists’ behavior views rape as a result of mental dysfunction and claims that rapists are always unwell and lack self-control. Research indicated that male sexual vigor is...

The Concept of Deterministic and Probabilistic Methods

In various industries, calculation and forecasting techniques are applied to identify the relevant outcomes and consequences of decisions or interventions. In particular, the two most common approaches are utilized – deterministic and probabilistic. According to Muriana and Vizzini (2017), one of the main values ​​of deterministic models is an opportunity...

Helicopter Experiment Assessment

This paper is a report of a paper helicopter experiment that was carried out in a group. The experiment involved designating a paper helicopter in varied designs and then dropping it severally while recording the flight time. The report starts by explaining the essence of having one person drop the...

Interdisciplinarity According to Hansson and Kelly

Interdisciplinarity is understood as the interaction of two or more scientific disciplines, each of which has its subject, terminology, and research methods. The existence of such a phenomenon as interdisciplinary research means not only the emergence of a particular science into a new integrative research space and overcoming the boundaries...

Impact of Nurse Staffing on Patient Outcomes

Problem statement The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between nurse staffing and the observed patient outcomes in hospital settings, paying special attention to acute care, nurse staffing policies and strategies (Penoyer, 2010). In particular, the researcher notes that the relationship between low nurse-patient ratios and desired...

Analyzing Tests and Scales in Social Science

Abstract The paper at hand provides a brief review of the tests and scales applied to data measurement in social science. One touches upon the most widely-used approaches, as well as, the basic principles of reliability and validity measurement. A particular focus is put on the health science and the...

Saturn’s Moons Titan and Enceladus

Introduction The solar system has a large number of natural satellites orbiting various planets, asteroids, and comets. Although most of these moons appear to be identical gray rocks moving in space, careful observation shows that they are diverse and have unique and intriguing features. One of the planets with many...

Qualitative and Quantitative Research: Comparison and Contrast

Introduction Research is a French word that means to seek closely and is well expressed by the word “recherché”. It was meant to inquire about a particular topic to learn more or to dig the root cause of a problem or a particular situation. In other cases, the word researching...

Using of Statistics in Healthcare

Introduction Many students who plan to apply for medical studies suggest that they are not going to need mathematics and any mathematics-related sciences in the future and successfully forget anything they learned in school or college. However, mathematics and statistics are an essential part of healthcare research. This essay will...

Application of Statistics in the Real World

This article under research studies the aging data in Japan across all generations and genders. It also looks at how the social-economic structure of Japan and how it has played a role in this factor. In order to carry out an efficient and accurate analysis of this topic, statistics were...

Understanding and Exploring Assumptions

Significant of meeting assumptions in statistical test In a statistical analysis, assumptions made are very significant in designing of the research method applicable to a given case scenario. Ensuring that the data meets a given assumption helps in reducing the errors during computation, particularly type one and two errors. The...

Statistics: Analysis of Multivariate Data

Introduction There is no doubt that statistics is a multifaceted concept with a myriad of applications; currently, everything ranging from sociology, science, business to mention but a few in one way or another incorporate statistics in their day-to-day activities. With this in mind, it is worth noting that several statistical...

Pressurized Water Reactors: An Analysis

Executive Summary The demand for electricity in today’s world is on the rise. As a result, many technologies are being tested to come up with the most appropriate one to supplement the current electric power generation. Over the years, the use of pressurized water reactors has become common. The process...

Research Terminology: Definitions and Distinctions

Abstract This essay gives detailed definitions of the terms paradigm, ontology, epistemology, and philosophy of science. The paper goes further to highlight the distinctions between (and among) these four terms. Researchers should be aware of these four fundamental terms. This discussion explains why such researchers should have a clear understanding...

Validity and Reliability in Quantitative Studies

To be able to critique quantitative studies is crucial in each evidence-based process. In healthcare, an appropriate appraisal ensures the quality of one’s medical practice and patient treatment. The following factors should be assessed when appraising a study: validity, reliability, and applicability. A critical analysis of all three elements should...

Selecting a Suitable Topic in Business Research

Selecting a Suitable Topic in Business Research A topic for business research is the beginning of an investigation; however, the success of the study strongly depends on the correct choice of the focus area. The topic should be potentially successful and appropriate for the specific person who intends to conduct...

Differences Between Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods

Quantitative And Qualitative Research Modern times have come with many health challenges due to the emergence of new strains of diseases and also the re-emergence of diseases that are considered as eradicated. There have been issues of climatic changes which have resulted in global warming due to environmental pollution. This...

Math: Set Theory

“A set is a collection of well defined and well-distinguished objects of our perception or thought.” (Mohindru & Grover, 2003, p.1). Set is usually represented by capital letters and some of the standard sets that are available are N [represents set of all-natural numbers] W [represents set of all whole...

Muslims and Mathematics

One of the prominent Muslim scholars is a mathematician, geographer, and astronomer Muhammad al-Khwarizmi (pp. 780–850). There is not much information about his life, in particular, it is assumed that he came from a clan of Zoroastrian priests and was considered a magician. The term “algebra” was formed using the...

How to Conduct a Survey Research

Introduction One significant aspect of conducting successful research is the research survey used for collecting primary data. A survey describes the features of large populations and sports research studies frequently use surveys to collect primary data (Andrew, Pedersen, & McEvoy, 2011). The aim of this paper is to highlight the...

Survey Research as an Effective Data Collection Method

Strengths and Weaknesses of Survey Research In General Survey research has been used as quite a popular tool in data collection and analysis. As the name suggests, the research of the specified type is based on the data gathered with the help of a survey distributed among study participants (Ruel...

Participant Observations: Definition, Preconceptions, Characteristics

Abstract Participant observation is the most widespread of all forms of the investigative, elaborate and systematic observable plan. Introduction Observation is either the action of a human being which comprises of obtaining information of the outside world by means of the senses or the recording of information using technical equipment....

Application of Research in Social Sciences Reflection Paper

Introduction Social science is an interdisciplinary field of study that seeks to explore aspects of human society. The fundamental roles of research in this field of study are not particularly hard to discern given the analytical approach it takes in its attempt to explore the aspects of human society. An...

Memory Drum Theory’s Projection

The Goal of the Research The goal of the study was to look into memory drum theory’s projection that the increase in simple reaction time (SRT) was proportional to the complexity of the response to be instigated (Anson, 1982). How the Goal Relates to My Research The author hypothesized that...

Problem Statement in Nursing Research

Introduction Research papers are complex scientific works that require intense mental labor at all stages in order to produce meaningful results. Early planning stage at which a researcher decides what he or she will work on sets the tone for the consequent paper and has to be carefully considered from...

Arguments for and Against Qualitative Research as Against Quantitative Research

Several arguments for and against both quantitative research and qualitative research exist in debate. Generally, critics regard quantitative research as positivism in nature; as a science and being objective, while qualitative analysis is taken as non-scientific (Howe, 1988). There is an argument that the two must not work together. However,...

Research Characteristics of Data Collection & Analysis

Introduction Data collection in qualitative research helps to answer the “why, how, and what” of the phenomenon under investigation. This is unlike in quantitative research in which the data collection is used to address the “how many” or “how much” of the phenomenon under investigation. This means that in qualitative...

Cameron’s POS to Organizational Effectiveness

Scope of the Theory Positive Organizational Scholarship represented by Cameron provides an examination of typical and deviated patterns of behavior of employees to highlight the problems and positive outcomes of the organizational process (Cameron, Dutton, & Quinn, 2003). Hence, the theory focuses on the organizational dynamics leading to the Development...

Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks of the Study

Introduction Clayton County Library has experienced significant financial problems in the last few years. Some of them stem from increased access to information, which has diminished the relevance of the institution in today’s digital age. Others stem from worsening economic conditions that have limited state and federal funding to public...

Deli Depot Case Study: Data Analysis Management Reporting

Introduction To improve customer service, Deli Depot has embarked on initiatives to better understand its customers and provide them with the products and services that they want. For carrying out this goal the company has gathered information from the customers using in the form of field/ market research using a...

The Central Tendency Measures

Introduction The investigation on the topic is of importance when the management constraints are considered. The approach is to select the entry which characterizes the entire group. The significance of that representative should be analyzed to conclude for the application of different methods to reach up with the central entry....

Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methodologies

Introduction The very word research gives us an impression of authenticity. It is not based on bias or prejudices neither it’s superfluous, nor is it a simplistic argument about any problem. The research employs quantitative and qualitative methodologies as tools to achieve this end. It is used in all walks...

Beryl Mineral’s Physical Properties

Introduction Beryl is a mineral composed mainly of beryllium aluminum cyclosilicate. However, traces of cesium, lithium, and sodium can be found in beryl. The gemstone originates from igneous, metamorphic rocks. It has a refractive index ranging from 1.57 to 1.58 and a specific gravity of 2.6 to 2.92 (Sultana &...

Interstellar’s New Planet: Habitable Conditions

Introduction The film, Interstellar, presents a view of a new planet that might be habitable to human beings. This reflective treatise attempts to review the aspects of this planet that may sustain human life. Specifically, the paper examines its atmosphere, size, age, and distance to the sun. The essay also...

Class Sizes and Student Performance Research Methodology

Research Methodology Research Problem Due to the economic downturn, the State of Georgia’s legislature passed a bill that eliminated size limits for the class, including both regular and special education students. In addition to the state’s change, Henry County has made a new policy that affects social studies and science...

NDA-RWMD Geosphere Characterisation Project

Summary of the Report This is a critical appraisal of the NDA RWMD Geosphere Characterisation Project. The critical appraisal involves a thorough assessment of a report paper to determine the focus or objectives of the study, validity, and reliability of the study methods, the validity of results and generalization of...

Naturalistic Inquiry and Qualitative Study

One of the distinctive features of the naturalistic inquiry is its focus on the context (Patton, 2014). This type of qualitative research is often associated with working in the field. Clearly, context is the key component of the research. Therefore, the theme that is the most persistent when considering the...

The Factor Analysis: Definition and Logic

Factor Analysis The logic behind the factor analysis is grouping variables into factors, each of which represents several variables that correlate highly with one another (Field, 2013). Factors, therefore, attempt to explain the maximal quantity of common variance between the original variables by using a lower number of dimensions (Field,...

The Data of Annual Salaries: Descriptive Statistics

Methodology The data of annual salaries were collected from a sample of 12 operators (N = 12) in a chemical manufacturing company. The sample of plant operators was selected randomly and annual salaries recorded. Sharpe, De Veaux, and Velleman (2015) assert that sampling of data reduces researchers’ biases in the...

Large & Small N Design and Interpretative Research

Introduction This paper is aimed to investigate the issue of doing good research, including discussing its peculiarities, based on the examples of three articles under consideration. The paper will take into account three types of research designs. They are the large N, the small N, and the interpretive designs. In...

Discriminant Analysis and Multiple Regression

Overall, the discriminant analysis and the multiple regression are similar in that they both construct a weighted linear combination of scores on several independent variables (Warner 2013). This combination ought to be optimal, meaning that it should predict the scores on the outcome variable from the scores on the predictor...

Discrete and Continuous Data’ Mixture Possibility

Arranging information for the further analysis is an essential stage of any research, hence a variety of taxonomies for information pieces retrieved in the course of the data collection process. Therefore, the precision of the research results depends heavily on the way, in which the data is classified, as well...

Interpolation and Extrapolation Definition and Differences

Definition As a rule, the phenomenon of interpolation is referred to as the process of selecting the data that can be located within a particular range of information (Groebner, Shannon, & Fry, 2014). The identified definition can be applied to a variety of domains, including business, technology, science, education, etc....

Validity and Reliability Discussion

Determining the validity and reliability of the research instruments when reading a research study When reading and assessing a quantitative research study, it is paramount to determine the validity and reliability of the instruments utilized in that study to understand whether the findings of that study can be trusted. The...

Research Bias and Literature Review

Eliminating bias in research A crucial element of any competent research is objectivity and researchers are responsible for critically examining the methods and conclusions for bias. To help researchers avoid and eliminate biased attitude, a standard of validity and reliability may be instrumental in research (Creswell, 2013). One of the...

Conversation Analysis: Social Action Structures

Conversation Analysis (CA) is the technique used to investigate and analyze the structures and processes of social interactions between human beings. CA is primarily focused on casual conversations but it also deals with the non-verbal forms of social interaction. CA’s research methodologies have evolved to include advanced forms of social...

Algebra – an Islamic Contribution to the West

Introduction The contribution made by Muslim mathematicians towards Western civilization cannot be underestimated. Unlike other religions where dogmas are not linked to science, Islam and science are correlated (Ahmed 63). Muslims have contributed greatly to the development of modern science especially in the area of algebra. Muslim mathematicians are the...

Space Exploration: UAE and INDIA Space Cooperation

The space sector is one of the most critical and prospective branches of any economic development. Nowadays, world governments perform significant contributions to the development of innovative programs in the relevant sphere. One would hardly argue with the fact that the successful performance within the space industry might assist considerably...

The Number E, Its History, and Its Uses

Introduction Euler’s number, or the well-known constant, is one of the most relevant and important irrational numbers in mathematics and algebra. A natural number cannot represent a base number in an exponential function. This number is widely used in the world of mathematics. It is an irrational number, and scientists...

Leasing vs. Buying a Car: Math & Critical Thinking

Often, the buyer is faced with a difficult question as to whether to buy a car or lease it. On the one hand, among the positive features of leasing, one can single out relatively lower investments. In addition, leasing allows you to drive a vehicle that people cannot buy due...

Analyzing Gender Bias in the Fire Department

As part of this assignment, the Assistant Chief of the local fire department is examining the potential problem of gender barriers that may exist in employee promotions. To do so, data from fifty employees who applied for promotions were collected and formed into the crosstab shown below. At first glance,...

Qualitative and Quantitative Data Analysis

Introduction Social research utilizes two data analysis methods: quantitative and qualitative. The qualitative approach interprets textual data and observations, while the quantitative method analyzes numerical data using statistics. This paper will compare qualitative and quantitative data analyses based on two articles published in the Public Administration Review. One study, conducted...

Qualitative and Quantitative Variants of Research Methodology

Introduction As established in contemporary research practice, qualitative and quantitative variants of research methodology are the leading paradigms that are used in answering topical questions. While the two methods can be mixed within a single study, they are independent, well-defined frameworks that inform data collection and analysis techniques used today....

Methods for Collecting Primary Data in Research

Surveys Research that uses a survey as its method is a structured approach that involves a systematic and unbiased way to gather qualitative data on a chosen topic. It consists of creating a set of standardised questions with fixed short response options presented to the target population to analyse the...

Phenomenology as a Research Approach

Introduction There is a wide range of methodologies that can be applied to different studies. Nevertheless, one of the best options to realize the numerous factors that underlie a social issue is the utilization of phenomenology. The approach implies an attempt to deal with all the inner experiences unprobed in...

Critical Analysis of Research Methodology and Data Analysis

Methodology and data analysis are some of the most crucial processes that constitute a research paper. In the research done by Xiao and Shailer (2022, p.2) to investigate stakeholders’ perception of the factors affecting credibility of the sustainability report, methodology and data analysis were used accordingly to achieve the objective...

The Existence of Life on Venus and Mars

Introduction Earth is a unique planet in the Solar System as the only one known to support an active life. However, scientists are constantly in the search of other life in the universe. Other planets in our vicinity may offer clues, with Venus and Mars potentially once having supported life....

Is the Earth in the Center of the Universe?

It is hard to disagree that space is expanding for humans at an unimaginable rate. New constellations and galaxies are discovered every year, and better photos of other planets become available. This may mean that humanity is on the verge of great discoveries, and the conquest of space is getting...

Quantitative and Qualitative Paradigms of Business Research

Introduction Almost all the scientific information and knowledge available globally is a product of research. However, not all such knowledge emanates from the same form of study or method of inquiry. The aspect results from the so-called paradigm wars, where various scientific inquiries fight one another. These aggressive facets maintain...

Polynomial Use in Real Life Applications

Store and bank safe are two real-world applications for polynomial equations. Assuming a bank manager wants to keep money in a safe and they will not be available at the time of delivery. The manager may have to request that his tellers open the safe. However, the manager may not...

Aspects of Scientific Responsibility

Science as the method to understand the development of human life is a valuable achievement of humanity. The understanding of this concept and its role in people’s life requires the analysis of Berk’s (2018) textbook, Dobbs’ (2009) article, and videos presented by Gawande (2016) and Oliver (2016). The observation of...

Correlation Between IQ and GPA: Analysis

Introduction The correlation between GPA and IQ, given for analysis, can be interpreted as having positive dynamics. At first glance, there is a hypothesis that the intelligence of a student is directly related to their overall attestation results. The higher the intelligence, the higher their GPA, and vice versa –...

Statistical Reasoning and Thinking

The Four Dimensions of Statistical Reasoning The four dimensions are an interrogative cycle, types of thinking, investigative cycle, as well as dispositions. They contain specific and generic statistical thinking habits that operate simultaneously within the thinker. Five thinking types that are marked fundamental are consideration of variation, transnumeration, need for...

“Space Mining & Exploration” Article by Skauge

The most manageable steps of reading a long article are to overview what the authors communicate in the papers. The reader may not get the significant meanings of what the writer speaks about in the report but develops a clue of what he is to expect. The first step is...

Stephen Hawking: Outstanding Theoretical Physicist

The study of science implies not only the presence of talent, but first of all, it requires aspiration and a strong desire. Without these characteristics, it will be complicated, and not many will be able to engage in this field. However, there are people with disabilities who could prevent them...

Action Research: Challenges Students Face

Action Research is a methodology that simultaneously involves the researcher and the participants in a cyclical process. Thanks to the theoretical knowledge of the former and the practical experience of the participants, a system with an established working mechanism are realized. There are traditionally three stages in this system: planning,...

Human Development and the Security and Safety Index

There has been a surge in interest in assessing human development and the elements that influence it. This area has attracted the interest of many academics and practitioners. Some academics had previously claimed that if human development is stagnant, it is a sign of impending doom, and it is impossible...

The Use of Statistics in Evaluating Social Problems

Statistics are an important tool for researchers and policymakers when analyzing particular social-related issues. The types of statistics that can be accumulated in relation to the area can be either objective or subjective (Rahman, 2020). Objective statistics are grounded in physical realities and numbers. Subjective statistics are typically related to...

Sampling and Non-Probability Methods

Probability and non-probability sampling are techniques utilized to select part of a target population to conduct a survey. Probability sampling refers to a sampling method that involves the probability theory whereby the likelihood of any unit’s knowledge of being selected is employed (Langer 2018). Therefore, every target population member has...

“A New Class of Faults and Their Bearing on Continental Drift” by Wilson

The article explains the nature of faulting aspects. The author states that any feature may be transformed into a mountain or a ridge. During the transformation process, the horizontal shear changes into an expanding tensional motion across the ridge or rift with a change in seismicity at the point of...

Astronomy and Its Influence on Civilization

Astronomy has had an important influence on many aspects of past civilizations. Culture, agricultural farming, education, film, and communication industry as well as medicine have used astronomy widely. The knowledge of time as well as differentiating different seasons has depended on astronomy to a great degree, especially in many developing...

Research Misconduct: Reasons and Possible Solutions

Research misconduct is a serious offense that occurs quite frequently in the academic community. It is heart-breaking when some researchers violate authorship rights and pocketing years of somebody’s hard work. Thus, it is crucial to monitor plagiarism and unfair practices in scientific research carefully. This paper aims to consider why...

Physics Lab Report. Particle Aggregation

Introduction Standing waves are produced when identical waves occur on the same medium. The waves travel in the opposite direction but have the same amplitude and wavelength. Usually, standing waves are best produced by connecting a string to a vibrating body on one end and a reflecting body on the...

Data Collection Tools, Methods, and Challenges in Research

Data Collection Tools Used in Qualitative Research Qualitative researches are “useful towards revealing the perceptions and behaviours of different populations” (Garbarino & Holland, 2009, p. 7). Such studies are critical because they make it easier for researchers to construct their hypotheses. This research approach produces descriptive results. Researchers can use...