Piaget and Kohlberg’s Theories Differences and Similarities

The cognitive stage developmental theory put forth by Lawrence Kohlberg is often looked at as an advancement of Jean Piaget’s theory on morals. The theory put forth by Piaget focused on the cognitive ability of children and their moral development while in their natural environment. He was the first to...

Difference Between Pavlov and Skinner’s Behaviorism Theorie

Welcome to our comparison of Pavlov and Skinner’s behaviorism theories! Read it to learn more about Skinner, Pavlov, and operant vs. classical conditioning. Abstract The given paper is devoted to the comparison of learning theories offered by Skinner and Pavlov. Being representatives of classical and operant conditioning, the scientists offered...

Psychological Assessment: Dr. Gregory House Case

The character’s demographics Dr. Gregory House is a 45-year-old male character in the TV series, House. He is divorced after failing to maintain a healthy relationship with his former wife, Stacy. He studies medicine at John Hopkins University before being expelled for cheating. He enrolls at the University of Michigan...

Benefits of Video Games

Children and young adults love video games as they are fun and help to relax. At the same time, many adults claim that children spend too much time playing, which makes them violent and do not bring any benefit. However, facts indicate that video games are useful for the cognitive...

Classical Conditioning: Benefits and Weaknesses

This sample paper explores classical conditioning benefits and limitations. Here, you’ll find pros and cons of generalization and discrimination and the essay plan. Learn more about the strengths and weaknesses of classical conditioning with our essay sample! Introduction Classical conditioning was coined by Ivan Pavlov, the renowned Russian psychologist. The...

Criticism of Skinner’s Views on Behavioral Analysis

Abstract The paper discusses B.F. Skinner and his contribution to personality theory. It begins by offering a brief history of Skinner and his academic accomplishments. It highlights how Skinner was able to make contributions that were both profound and practical in the field of applied behavioral analysis. Skinner’s radical behaviorism...

Academic Stress Among Students

The vast majority of people experience stress at work or university and in their personal lives. One hears the annoying story of another person and experiences pressure. He or she avoids eye contact because of the inability to cope with negative feelings. Stress becomes more and more common nowadays. According...

Developmental Psychology Theories by Piaget, Vygotsky, and Erikson

Various developmental theories explain learning processes and provide psychologists with recommendations on how to facilitate children’s development. The understanding of these theories is important because it helps to create environments that would support education efficiency and protect students during the process of identity formation. Considering this, the present paper will...

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Assumptions

Introduction Motivation is a process that influences and directs behavior to satisfy a need. Maslow developed a theory based on the idea that human behavior is determined by limited fundamental needs that emerge in sequential order. He called his model a hierarchy of needs theory that comprises five dimensions of...

Psychology in The Pursuit of Happyness Film

Introduction The Pursuit of Happyness is a film that includes a wide range of psychological and organizational behavior theories. These are exemplified by character behaviors and plot points that fit within the context of organizational culture. Organizational behavior is a subset of human psychology that promotes social interaction. The Pursuit of Happyness depicts...

Childhood Development Case Study

Introduction In 1993, Davis described a case study as a story that signifies real, contextualized, and multifaceted circumstances that comprise dilemmas, conflicts, or problems without clear solutions. Child development theory refers to a fact-based ideas that clearly explain how children grow and change in the childhood stage (Dunn, 2020). The...

Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning and Skinner’s Operant Conditioning Theories

Abstract Learned behaviors are a classical subject of behavioral psychology that attempts to understand how behaviors are acquired and established. Pavlov’s classical conditioning focused on involuntary stimulus and responses and Skinner’s operant conditioning centered around changing responses to stimuli through subsequent consequences are both prominent behavioral theories. This paper explores...

Qualitative And Quantitative Research Methods In Psychology

Introduction Psychologists use different research methods to study sex and relationships. These methods can be either quantitative or qualitative. Quantitative research may consist of surveys, self-report questionnaires, measurements, experimental studies, correlational designs, laboratory and ethological studies, psychometric scales, etc. Qualitative research gathers data through interviews, document and text analyses, observations,...

Ethical Violations in the Stanford Prison Experiment: A Critical Analysis

Introduction It is no secret that many modern psychologists must adhere to a code of ethics to maintain their procedures’ reliability and participants’ safety. A planned psychological experiment should pass a thorough evaluation by a qualified panel of experts, gaining their approval before beginning. However, such moments mainly happened occasionally....

Serial Killer John Wayne Gacy: Mental Disorder Analyzed

John Wayne Gacy Mental Disorder: Introduction John Wayne Gacy was a serial killer and rapist who committed 33 murders from 1972 to 1978. He was also known as “the killer clown” only because he committed his crimes while dressed like a clown. That was his alter ego. His victims were...

Ethical Issues in the Milgram Experiment: Consent, Harm, and Suggested Changes

Introduction This article is a scientific accompaniment, description, and discussion of the well-known Milgram Experiment. This classic study was conducted in the 1960s and focused on examining the specifics of obedience to authority and the associated behavioral changes (Milgram, 1963). The process itself concentrated on gaining an understanding of the...

Moral Development and Factors of Influence

Introduction Moral development is the process through which children learn how to act toward others and how to interact with society. It includes learning ideas like politeness, empathy, guilt, shame, and knowing the difference between right and wrong (Van Leeuwen, 2019). Moral standards in behavior, moral conscience, and moral deeds...

“The Perils of Obedience” Book by Stanley Milgram

The relations between an individual and authority are complicated, and people have to learn how to behave regarding their personal principles and the social standards set. The work of Stanley Milgram (1963), “The Perils of Obedience” is one of the sources where captivating and educative information on how people should...

Humanistic Psychology vs. Psychoanalysis & Behaviorism

Introduction Time and again, humans have tried to explain the root causes of behavior that is unacceptable in the human society. As a result, they have come up with various schools of thought that have been developed from one stage to the other. Among the most common attempted explanations of...

Competence-Environmental Press Model and Theory of Dying

Introduction The competence-environmental press model is a proposed framework for understanding how people cope with stress and adversity. This model is useful in predicting outcomes such as psychological well-being, depression, and anxiety. The term life review has come to be used in various ways. Generally, it refers to reflecting on...

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs: Criticism, Strength and Weakness

Maslow’s Theory Description In 1943, Maslow proposed a theory that showed a hierarchy of basic human needs. This psychological theory shows a pyramid of five levels of needs that people want to achieve. Each tier represents a category of needs, in which various ideas represent behaviors and actions necessary to...

Analyzing Harry Potter Through Freudian Psychoanalytic Lens

Introduction Psychologists have long been fascinated by studying personalities as they seek to understand people’s thoughts, emotions, and behavior. Consequently, psychologists have developed multiple theories and perspectives to help themselves better understand personalities. One of these psychologists is Sigmund Freud, who was also an influential figure in this field. Freud...

Stress Effect on Physical and Mental Health

Abstract The paper analyzes the primary effects of stress on human health. The first section of the study outlines the concept of stress as well as estimates its ultimate causes. Moreover, the introductory part of the work refers to work-related factors of anxiety arousal. The body section of this paper...

Causes and Prevention of Serial Killers: The Cases of Garavito and López

Executive Summary Serial murderers have killed three or more people, usually with a pause in between each killing. They frequently experience a psychological desire to murder, and they could feel they have control and influence over their victims. Serial murderers could have a particular modus operandi or way of doing...

Diagnosing Depression in Squidward from SpongeBob

Introduction Squidward Tentacles is a central character in the animated television show SpongeBob SquarePants. While he is often portrayed as the grumpy neighbor and foil to the show’s titular character, a closer examination of his behavior and emotional state suggests that Squidward may be struggling with a more serious issue:...

Biological, Psychological, and Sociological Explanations of Behavior

The purpose of understanding human behavior and the attempt of its predicting demands a multidimensional approach to it. Various sciences may contribute to such understanding, and each of them considers the causes of behavioral patterns and, thus, the methods of altering them differently. In this paper, specificities of the major...

Ethical and Legal Considerations in Psychological Assessment

Introduction Psychological assessment of people in the workplace allows employers to increase productivity and income. Personality testing helps employees choose a career path and show high performance. Psychological assessments are able to index the level of competence, personal skills, role in the team and the rates of employee satisfaction. Psychological...

Piaget vs. Vygotsky: Theory of Cognitive Development

Introduction There are two major approaches to understanding the cognitive behavior of children – continuous and discontinuous. Continuity theorists conceptualize a smooth-line development that occurs gradually. At the same time, discontinuity theorists believe that the road to maturity is a series of abrupt changes happening in stages (stepping stones), with...

Antisocial Personality Disorder in “The Lion King”

Scar is considered one of the evilest Disney villains in the history of the franchise. His major atrocities include the murder of his brother, the attempted murder of his nephew, authoritarian leadership over the Pride Lands, and the manipulation and exploitation of the hyenas. The analysis of his character has...

“Anthropology and the Abnormal” by Ruth Benedict

The study of the many and common aspects of the cultural environment, as well as their repercussions on human behavior, has become more important in modern social anthropology. “Anthropology and the Abnormal,” by Ruth Benedict, examines questions of normalcy, ethics, and the use of these notions in historical contexts in...

Analyzing Expectancy Theory: Strengths, Limitations, and Personal Application

Introduction Humans are driven by intrinsic motivation, which affects their behavior, choices, and outcomes. Among the many frameworks that attempt to explain what drives people to take action, Expectancy Theory is particularly well-known. This essay will discuss the benefits and drawbacks of Expectancy Theory and how it relates to my...

Safeguarding Tendencies: A Clarifying Perspective

Safeguarding tendencies denote Adler’s belief that people develop behavioral patterns for protecting personal feelings against public criticism. Excuses, aggression, and withdrawal are the three most common tendencies outlined by the scholar and represent different types of approaches that people use for the purpose of shielding themselves from public disgrace. The...

Freudian Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality

Introduction Personality development is essential in a child and relates to organized behavior and attitudes which distinguish a person from others. Personality is defined by Beckmann and Wood (2017) as the dynamic system of a person that involves the person’s psychophysical systems that influences his thoughts and pattern of behaviors....

Personal Responsibility

Personal responsibility refers to the act of identifying or recognizing a problem and taking care of it, whether it belongs to oneself or to someone else. Some personal problems can be handled at an individual level while others require cooperation as well as agreement. Personal responsibility also infers correcting one’s...

Case Study for Piaget Project

Jean Piaget has been referred to as the greatest psychologist of his time. In the 18th century, Piaget carried out extensive research in the field of child psychology. His findings are still applicable in today’s society. In fact, Piaget’s work has widely been accepted, and his ideas are used in...

Psychology: Sensation and Perception

Introduction Sensation and perception are distinct, interlinked, and complementary processes that enable people to interact with and interpret the world. The former denotes a sensory receptor’s stimulation resulting in the production of nerve impulses, which travel to the brain for subsequent interpretation as visual images, pain, touch, sound, odor, or...

Interpersonal & Internal Conflict in Shakespeare’s “Hamlet”

Introduction Conflicts are integral parts of our lives, and knowing how to resolve them is one of the essential skills to learn. While contemporary books provide many insights into how conflicts emerge and how to address them, literature classics can often provide invaluable information on the topic. For instance, Shakespeare’s...

Three Components of Memory in Psychology

Three Components of Memory in Psychology: Introduction Memory is one of the many mysteries of the human mind for which researchers are yet to have a comprehensive answer. Nevertheless, due to the importance of the topic, a vast amount of research has been done on it. One of the more...

Developmental Theories in Docter’s “Up” Movie

Introduction Development and growth, including not only physical but also cognitive and socio-emotional progress, is an inseparable part of human life. In movies, which are supposed to artistically reflect the challenges that individuals experience at certain points in their lives, the portrayal of certain developmental stages and the progress made...

The Psychology of Emotions, Feelings and Thoughts by Pettinelli

The workings of the human mind are perhaps the last frontiers that are yet to be unraveled by science. Despite the advances in neurobiology and better technology, the cognitive aspects of the brain defy satisfactory explanation. Mark Pettinelli, through his book The Psychology of Emotions, Feelings and Thoughts attempts to...

The Developmental Tasks of Early Childhood

Introduction When children reach the age of two, they are no longer toddlers but in their early childhood years. These years run through to the age of six. This age bracket involves growth in their body size and in their mental capacity. These children quickly grow and lose their toddler...

Rogerian and Adlerian Psychotherapies Comparison

Introduction The primary association with the name of Carl Rogers is the inspiration he gave to the so-called person-centered, or client-centered, approach in psychotherapy. In brief, the essence of Rogerian method lies in establishing a maximally respectful, hence intimate, relationship between therapist and client. The purpose of that is to...

Teenage Rebellion Against Parents

This research paper sample focuses on the reasons why teenagers rebel against parents. Get some inspiration with our teenage rebellion essay sample! Teenage Rebellion Essay Introduction Teen life is fraught with passionate development and significant changes. The child undergoes numerous psychological, cognitive, and physical transformations. The transformations have significant impacts...

Is Child Behavior Better or Worse Than It Was Years Ago?

Society evolves as historical events happen, economies develop, and new demands occur, and these changes influence how new generations behave and are educated. Indeed, years ago, generalized parental strategies and end relatively similar expectations from children built a strip system of values and appropriate activities for different ages. Today, young...

Play: Modern & Post Modern Theory Origin & History

Introduction Early childhood is characterized by play. To show how important it is for a child to be given a chance to explore through play, the United Nations has an official recognition of child’s play as a right for children. For a child’s growth, play is very important because it...

Domains: Dispositional View and Social and Cultural View

Abstract This essay describes the comparisons and contrasts between the two domains of personality which are dispositional views and social/cultural views, explains in detail what the two domains are, provides three examples of each domain, offers an explanation of how each domain influences and affects human life, and finally, it...

Vygotsky’s & Erikson’s Childhood Development Theories

Vygotsky’s Developmental Theory The main focus of Vygotsky’s theory is the belief that learning has a crucial role in the development of children. Thus, the theorist based his opinion on the fact that children should study particular strategies to help make learning more efficient and productive. It is worth noting...

Skinner’s Stimulus-Response Theory

Introduction The 20th century saw an influx of eminent psychologists who did not only study children behavior but proposed development theories that are still relevant today. A prime example is B. F. Skinner, whose discovery of operant learning has been highly influential in the study of modern-day psychology. Skinner’s postulations...

Self-Esteem: Comparing and Contrasting Main Psychological Approaches

The issue of self-esteem is critical in clinical psychology and understanding the wider processes in the field of psychology. There are two types of approaches to self-esteem – cognitive and constructivist, which consider self-esteem as a product of sociocultural influences. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), as well as the theories...

How Does Culture Shape Identity?

Introduction The complexity of the concept of identity necessitates the understanding of the characteristics which make up a person’s identity and the factors which influence their development. Identity is a concept which describes a set of physical and psychological characteristics associated with a particular person (Bamberg, 2010, p. 4). It...

Positive Effects of Peer Pressure: Essay Example

Positive Effects of Peer Pressure: Essay Abstract The paper dwells on the analysis of the positive effects that peer pressure can have on adolescents. At the same time, the negative implications of peer pressure are acknowledged. The influence of peer pressure on teens’ development in various dimensions is discussed. It...

Child Development Theories: Role and Importance

The complexities and challenges of child development cannot, in any way, be wished away. In equal measure, the optimal growth and development of a child are deemed not only important for the parents and family members, but also for the whole society. As such, it is critically important to understand...

Erikson’s and Piaget’s Developmental Theories

Introduction Both Erickson’s and Piaget’s developmental theories agree that a child’s development occurs through a sequential transition. Erickson gives eight stages that explain the transition of a child’s development; on the other hand, Piaget gives four. The two theories may be different, but they both show that each stage has...

Opportunities to Overcome Your Fear

Every person is afraid of something; fears often guide people through life without them realizing it. Some people are fearful of being vulnerable, so they never open up to others. Some people are scared of being let down, so they do everything on their own. Some people are afraid of...

Comparison of Success and Failure

Success and failure are widespread phenomena that occur in virtually any form of human activity. Both aspects can have both positive and negative effects on a person, so the issue of influence is particularly important. The purpose of this essay is to compare success and failure and how it affects...

Test of Nonverbal Intelligence, 3rd Edition

​Introduction The language-free measure of reasoning, aptitude, and intelligence is referred to as the test of nonverbal intelligence (TONI Test). The test is intended to be used by people from the age of six years up to ninety years. The TONI-3 test takes less than twenty minutes. Toni-3 is a...

Informal Assessments in Psychology

Introduction Informal assessments are assessment procedures that are used in informal situations. These settings include settings that are not structured in nature. Informal assessments are therefore procedures that are developed at home or homegrown which are aimed at assessing certain aspects of a situation (Neukrug & Fawcett, 2010). Though they...

The Type of Change Being Introduced on Speed of Response in Light of Blindness to Change

Introduction There are many related phenomena in the cognitive processes of human consciousness whose effects may run unnoticed by the individual. Among such effects, particular attention should be paid to blindness to change as a demonstration of the imperfection of human attentiveness. Blindness to change should be understood as the...

Child Development Theorist by Watson

Background Information John B. Watson was born in 1878 in South Carolina to a deeply religious mother and an alcoholic father. Struggling after divorce, Watson’s mother moved from a rural area to give him a better education (Malone, 2017). Despite poor academic performance at school and disciplinary issues, Watson entered...

Child Growth and Development

The subject of the observation is a seven-year-old boy who has reached second grade at school and becomes less dependent on his parents. He is a clever and active child who knows how to ride a bicycle, roller skates, plays badminton and table tennis. The boy is attentive and can...

American and Romanian Cross-Cultural Psychology

Introduction Researchers are increasingly encountering the need to accommodate diverse and multicultural environments as well as to apply their methods and results in unfamiliar cultures. This trend is particularly prevalent in disciplines that work with people directly, such as the social and psychological sciences. As such, the topic of evaluating...

Ethical and Professional Issues in Psychological Testing

The Ethical and Social Implications of Testing Confidentiality of results is a cornerstone of psychological research and consent and awareness. The most striking consequences, perhaps sometimes associated with scandals or courts, are connected. Within the scope of the question of voluntary participation, it is difficult to reason when tests are...

Ulric Neisser and the Rise of Cognitive Psychology: A Scientific Shift Beyond Behaviorism

Introduction Cognitive psychology is one of the branches of psychology as a scientific field. It is centered around studying mental processes such as perception, attention, memory, language, and problem-solving. Its historical foundations originated in the works of Descartes and Kant, who introduced the idea that the mind processes information actively...

Nursing Burnout: Causes and Solutions

Introduction The complicated and demanding nature of the nursing profession makes burnout among nurses a risk. Burnout is a state of extended stress and a lack of support, resulting in emotional, bodily, and mental tiredness. Patient safety, the standard of nursing care, and burnout are all impacted. Emotional weariness, depersonalization,...

Motivation Theory by Henry Murray and Abraham Maslow.

Introduction Motivation is the mixture of wants, needs and drives within the individual which seek gratification through the acquisition or object. Marketers continually ask what ultimately promotes the consumer to purchase their product. Clearly consumer motivations are complex, and marketers must work vigorously to uncover them. According to motivation theory,...

Locke’s Tabula Rasa: Knowledge, Experience, and Genetics

Locke’s memory metaphor tabula rasa reflects the idea that a person acquires knowledge in the process of gaining experience from the surrounding world. Therefore, when a human is born, his/her mind is empty. All individuals are equal in terms of position, status, and potential to expand their knowledge. Nowadays, the...

What Is Mental Illness?

Introduction This medical condition may disrupt a person’s mood, a person’s feelings, and thinking capacity. It is usually manifested in situations in which the patient’s mood may suddenly become aggressive resulting in violence. Just as a stomachache is a problem of the stomach, mental illness is a disorder of the...

Big Five Personality Traits

Introduction The human personality has been described using what has been named the Big-Five factors. It has also been referred to as the Five Factor Model (FFM) in other occasions. These factors of personality, which are the five perspectives, include neuroticism, openness, conscientiousness, agreeableness and extraversion. Costa and McCrae established...

Factors That Influence Personal Development

Introduction Growing up is perhaps one of the hardest things in the life of any child today. The changing family settings have hurt the lives of many children. The settings that parents are subjecting their children in a bid to enhance their development affect the identity and personality of the...

The GARS-3 Test Analysis

Abstract Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disorder that requires early diagnoses within the individuals. As a tool for diagnosing the patients in the age between 3 and 22 years, GARS-3 was introduced. GARS-3 represents the third edition of the original scale that was modified in response to the emerging...

The Role of the Environment and Genes in Human Development

Introduction Nature or Nurture? This is one of the biggest debates that psychologists have been faced with for a very long time. This is because there is no clear boundary on how each aspect contributes to the development of human beings that is in terms of personality, behaviour, thinking and...

Nature vs. Nurture in the Human Intelligence Context

Intelligence, nature vs. nurture, and genetics play a significant role in human intelligence and the overall thinking process. This argument is explicitly informed by several studies involving these central concepts of the general being. Although some of the concepts are controversial, for instance, that ‘human language is learned through reinforcement’,...

Environmental Influences on Behavior

A study of the article “Why nature & nurture won’t go away” by Pinker (2004), which explores the environmental influences on human behavior. The most influential components of environmental influenced behavior is described as being, the impact of parenting and peer groups through conditioning and conforming, cultural influences of social...

Piaget Theory of Cognitive Development

Introduction Psychologists have examined the growth of human beings from infancy to adulthood. They have focused on the aspects that contribute to personality traits, the way of living, and also mental development. Of keen interest are the effects of some stimuli of human development for example does genetics pre-program an...

Maslow’s and Freud’s Psychological Theories

Introduction Abraham Maslow, a Psychologist Scholar carried out a research on the hierarchy of needs and presented his findings on humans’ innate curiosity. His research was based order of needs on the healthiest one percent people in the society [mostly fished from higher learning institutions]. The chose n individuals were...

Andrei Chikatilo: Behavioral Analysis

Introduction Consideration of the psychological profile and attempts to explain the behavior of serial offenders is usually quite complicated, as it contains many variables that do not allow determining something universal for all offenders. Nevertheless, behavioral theories describe some correlation between biological, social, and psychological factors that might contribute to...

Atypical Language Development in Early Childhood

Introduction Fluent speech and appropriate language use are some of the key prerequisites for further academic success and normal functioning of an individual in the society. Speech and language development is a complex, gradual process that has its own pace and important milestones. Sometimes, this process is impeded due to...

Nature vs. Nurture in Child Psychology

Introduction Children depend wholly on their parents or guardians for support and care. At birth, they have hereditary material (genetic effects) acquired from their parents, and as they grow, they experience the influence of the psychological, social, and physical settings (environmental aspects). Children develop quickly in all spheres of life:...

Psychological Trauma Assessment: Jenny Curran’s Case

Jenny Curran has developed a complex traumatic stress disorder (CTSD) due to traumas obtained in her childhood. Jenny’s alcoholic father physically and sexually abused Jenny and her sisters and as a child, she tended to try to escape from him and used to pray, “Dear God, make me a bird,...

Theories of Piaget and Vygotsky Comparison

Introduction Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky are known for their enormous contributions to the field of education through their works in developmental psychology. The two psychologists were contemporaries and are frequently compared to each other in relation to their theories and approaches. Both of the scholars have made a significant...

Behavioral Rules in Public Places

Introduction Any society has certain norms and rules of behavior, which all the members are expected to keep to. The way people behave often serves as a sign of their good manners and respect for other people. For instance, people are expected to avoid bad words in civilized conversations or...

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation Essay: Comparing Types of Motivation

Are you looking for inspiration for your intrinsic and extrinsic motivation essay? This sample paper will be of great help to you! It will define both types based on theory, provide some examples of how they work, and compare and contrast extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. Read on to gain new...

Psychodynamic Mechanisms of Defense and Gestalt Theory

Introduction The following essay aims to present the fundamental features of the psychodynamic mechanisms of defense and the Gestalt theory and its elements of boundary disturbances. This work will present the two theories and assess their similarities and differences before concluding on the implications these discoveries have for therapeutic processes....

The Gestalt-Approach to Problem-Solving

Cognition and Learning have proved to be a very useful course for me. All the topics covered in the course were of great interest and importance for me. However, there is one specific thing that resonated with me most: the idea of Gestalt-approach to problem-solving. According to this theory, finding...

Empiricism According to David Hume and Immanuel Kant

Introduction Empiricism is the philosophical view that the only source of knowledge is the senses. There are two schools of thought in regards to this idea. The empiricist philosophers, Locke, Bacon, and Hume support this view. The rationalist philosophers, Plato, Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz dispute this view, proposing that rationality...

Essay on Cross-Cultural Communication & Differences

Explore the intercultural difference with our cross-cultural communication essay sample! Here, you can find information on the importance of the topic and gain inspiration for your multicultural communication essay! What Does Cross-Cultural Communication Mean? Cross-cultural communication is an interaction where the parties belong to different cultural settings. It is a...

Conformity: Why We Follow the Crowd and When to Stand Apart

Introduction Have you ever found yourself going along with the group, even when you secretly disagreed with the decision? Have you ever purchased the latest trendy gadget or followed a fashion trend just because everyone else was doing it? If your answer is “yes,” you have experienced the power of...

The Trait Theory of Personality

Introduction Personality traits reflect people’s characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Personality is defined as the enduring characteristics and behaviors that constitute a person’s unique adjustments to life, including traits, interests, drives, values, and many more. The definitions are diverse and have myths surrounding them (Bergner, 2020). The first...

Agenda-Setting Process in a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Session

Creating an agenda is a collective approach in which the psychotherapist and the customer select how the meeting time will be allocated. The patient and therapist make a list of topics they would like to address and then decide on the order in which they will discuss them and how...

Cognitive Development: Case Study on Student

Introduction Cognitive development expands a human being’s ability to process information, which involves acquiring conceptual resources, perceptual skills, language improvement, and other aspects related to brain maturation. It is the development of an individual’s ability to think and understand. The term also refers to a field of study of neuroscience,...

Freud and the Split Subject: The Nature of Self

Introduction Freud’s model of ‘self’ introduced a revolutionary approach to philosophical thinking established by the Enlightenment notions of subjectivity. While Enlightenment philosophers viewed the self as an essence with which one is born and is unchanged with time, Freud demonstrated a complex model of a split consciousness and how the...

Social Psychology as a Science

Social psychology is a scientific field that studies factors that influence an individual’s behavior, thoughts, and feelings in a social setting. In other words, how does our social environment (other people) influence our views, approach, and actions? How do we influence the proceedings, feelings, and thoughts of others? Unlike other...

How to Achieve a Goal?

There are many things without which it is hard to imagine this life, and a properly set goal is one of them. People should have a goal, a dream, or an intention on the basis of which it is possible to develop new relations, improve living conditions, and think about...

Effectiveness of Punishment in Changing Behavior

Introduction The majority of people have been trying to change something in their lives for years, struggling to find an effective solution to their problems. According to the trans-theoretical model of behavioral change, change is a process with a number of stages (Hanson, 2020). They cannot be missed; everyone has...

Benefits of Animal-Human Interaction

Today, animals live in nearly every household. Dogs, cats, parrots, hamsters, and other animals are considered family members. Such a tendency suggests that people become more compassionate while protecting and caring for animals. The interaction between humans and animals has a beneficial effect because it helps people cope with emotional...

Understanding Biopsychology and Cognitive Neuropsychology

Biopsychology is the branch of psychology that studies the relationship between physiological events (biology) and psychological processes (behavior) (Kuther & Morgan, 2012). If human behavior is studied in the framework of biopsychology, cognitive processes such as perception, memory, speaking, thinking, etc., are studied within the scope of cognitive neuropsychology. Cognitive...

Evolutionary Theory of Aggression

Many attempts were made to explain the nature of human aggression, proving that it is a complicated behavioral system that requires extensive research to understand its origin. The recent rise of violence through the acts of terrorism has led to increased interest in the theories of human aggression. Evolutionary psychologists...

How Memory Is Largely a Matter of Reconstruction

Introduction Memory is a psychological process that involves more than just remembering important facts. It is a perceptual process affected by a person’s beliefs, expectations, fears, and hopes, just like other senses and an individual’s sense of consciousness (Loftus & Loftus, 2019). There has been debate on whether memory is...

A Counselor’s Professional Identity and Significance

Counseling requires several interrelated factors that must function together to focus on assisting clients. Without these entities, the counselor may not have the client’s trust to aid them as is necessary. Before offering complete support to a client, a counselor must fully appreciate the significance of their professional identity and...

Applying Psychological Principles to Girl Interrupted Film

Theoretical Perspectives Corresponding to Movie The film, ‘Girl Interrupted,’ was directed and released in 1999 by James Mangold. It is set in the 1960s and revolves around the life of a young girl, Susanna. She is checked into a psychiatric facility after attempting suicide by drug overdose. The film portrays...

Family Assessment in “Everybody Loves Raymond”

Introduction ‘Everybody Loves Raymond’ portrays a middle-class family set in suburbs. This family set-up portrays a typical modern American household that is built in a loving but unequal marriage between Ray and Debra. The family is not purely nuclear since Ray’s overprotective mother, domineering father, and his overly insecure brother...

Causes and Results of Child Abuse

Child abuse can be emotional, sexual, and physical, but all its forms may lead to severe psychological problems. The effects vary from social discomfort to dangerous pathologies, making it difficult for clinicians to treat the problem. The more information specialists learn about the complex factors that influence abused children’s psychological...

Theories of Human Behavior: Three Main Schools of Thought

Psychoanalysis Theory The psychoanalysis theory involved an elaborate study on one person. The main analytical method used by Freud was case studies. The case studies were meant to analyze and find the key factors that initiate the general behavior of an individual (Weiner 2003). The main assumption is that one...

Living with Phobias: Types and Influences

Abstract A feeling of fear is a normal reaction to possible danger or threat yet it is important to differentiate natural fears from phobic and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Phobias are irrational and uncontrollable fears that lead to severe anxiety and cause discomfort in the daily life of an individual. Phobias do...

Rollo May’s Personality Theory Constructs

Introduction Several philosophers as well as psychologists have conducted researches in the quest to understand human beings and be able to explain their behaviors. The 19th and 20th centuries were characterized by increased findings particularly in the field of human personality. Among the many schools of thought that emerged, especially...

Psychological Effects of Embalming on the Bereaved

Significance of research Death is a natural occurrence in the life of every human being. The loss of a loved one may actually devastate those who are left behind and such life-changing events have affected the plans, priorities and personalities of the individuals closest to the person who has passed...

Integrity as a Personality Trait

Integrity refers to the quality of being honest, transparent, faithful, and open with regard to interactions and communication with other people (AuBuchon 19). It is a vital personality trait that is necessary for the sustenance of relationships between people. People with integrity hold themselves to high ethical and moral standards....

Social Psychology Influences on Personal Life

Generally, science is a field that organizes and puts knowledge into provable experiments in real-life situations. Science is comprised of several areas of study, amongst them being psychology. Psychology is a field in science that deals with the thinking capability of an individual and his actions and activities. A human...

Unforgiveness in Marriage and Families

Introduction At some point in life, an individual may advise a loved one or friend to forgive and forget. However, it is often daunting when it is their turn to let go of the negative feelings. Unforgiveness occurs when married couples and family members are unable or unwilling to pardon...

The Counseling Process in the Adlerian Approach

Introduction Adlerian therapy emphasizes the ability of an individual to bring up a positive impact on their own life. In the Adlerian approach, there are several stages of the counseling process, consisting of the engagement stage, assessment, insight stage, and reorientation stage. For this Adlerian approach of counseling, individuals work...

Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being

Researchers view well-being as the state of general satisfaction of a particular person or a group of people. Currently, there are two main directions in the study of the psychological well-being of a person: eudaimonic and hedonic. Supporters of the eudaimonic school of thought are convinced that the term well-being...

The Six Characteristics or Elements of Self-Control

The elements of self-control determine a person’s ability to resist and avoid crime in any context and kind of temptation. The absence of self-control shows the characteristics that essentially determine a crime in particular circumstances. This classification was created by Gottfredson and Hirshi to explain the mechanisms and reasons for...

Personal Excellence: Achieving and Maintaining

It is important to achieve personal excellence since a lot of people are unable to extract the maximum from life in terms of happiness, satisfaction and a sense of achievement. The prime reason for such a situation being that personal potency is not recognized and claimed by people. Hence it...

Autism Diagnosis Report Example

Participants For this study, two participants who are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are selected. Namely, three children aged between 9 and 11 years are regarded as the ones having ASD, as stated by the licensed psychologist. All of the participants have language skills, yet they experience a lack...

Smartphone Addiction Among American Youth

In 2019, smartphone use reached record levels. It is expected that by 2021, the United States will have a 72.7% penetration rate, meaning that 3 out of 4 people will own and consistently use a smartphone device. People in developed countries use technology for everything ranging from communication to entertainment,...

Industrial-Organizational and Social Psychology

Abstract Industrial-organizational psychology studies how individuals behave and cooperate in work settings. Social psychology studies how the behavior of people is influenced by the presence or opinion of others (Kuther & Morgan, 2012). Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral degree holders’ are offered many employment opportunities due to the high applicability of...

Genie Wiley: The Impact of Social Isolation on Child Development

Introduction The question of what makes a person human has long been of interest to philosophers and has been discussed many times. Some believe that people are born with this innate quality. In contrast, others believe it is completely formed by the society in which a person grows up from...

Pictionary Board Game Review: Enhancing Physical, Cognitive, and Social Skills

Introduction Pictionary is a classic board game for families to enjoy, providing an opportunity to work together, practice communication, and develop physical, cognitive, and social-emotional skills. In Pictionary, players attempt to draw clues their teammates must guess to win. Pencils, crayons, markers, and paper are suitable materials for drawing these...

Theories of Development: Piaget, Freud, and Erikson

Introduction The process of human development is complex and quite intricate. However, several theories can be distilled as the foundational premise for understanding the subject matter. These are Piaget’s, Freud’s, and Erikson’s ideas of cognitive and social development. Although the three theories seemingly have very few characteristics in common, further...

The Strengths of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

Introduction Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) was started in 1955 by the person-centered therapist Albert Ellis. It was a pioneering cognitive-behavioral system of psychotherapy based on both cognitive and philosophical approaches. The main idea of REBT is that people suffer from self-defeating emotions and feelings because of their own irrational...

Understanding of Motivation: Motivation and Personality Psychology

Personality psychology focuses on the differences and similarities in various patterns of personality. A personality is a combination of traits, feelings, and thoughts that define a person as unique and dissimilar to others. Personality consists of motivation, behavior, and emotions, and each of these patterns influences how people view themselves...

Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory

The Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory, also referred to as the SASSI, was created by Dr. Glenn A. Miller in 1985, revised in 1994 and is now in its third edition. The instrument is a screening questionnaire used on people who depend on substances. It is a brief self-report, easily...

The Concept of Intelligence: Main Aspects

Intelligence is one of the most discussed subjects in psychology and other cognitive disciplines. It has been studied and conceptualized since ancient times. However, there is neither a standard definition of this notion nor a consensus on its types. This essay aims to consider the concept of intelligence and dwell...

Nature vs. Nurture in the Television Series “Dexter”

Introduction The nature vs. nurture debate has been an ongoing issue in different fields of study, including psychology, sociology, and genetics, among other related areas. At the center of this debate is whether human genes are pre-determined or wired in a specific way that cannot be altered or they can...

Nature and Nurture in Developmental Psychology

Development psychology is a broad branch of science that studies such an essential aspect of human life as the human psyche in the various life stages. Particular attention is paid, for example, to childhood and old age. Naturally, such an extensive science has many studied areas, topics, and questions. The...

Personality: How to Build It?

Introduction Personal reflection is a day-to-day analysis that caters for assessment of personalities especially among closely related people. The daily rumination of peoples’ behaviours has a close focus upon individuals, but the development in the psychology studies indicates that the focus is general. Various theories are in use in the...

Early Childhood Development and Its Stages

Introduction In most parts of history, child development – which shows the different stages of the development of a child – was ignored. Children were assumed smaller versions of adults. The details in the development of a child were not keenly looked at previously. These changes are evident during childhood....

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Applied to Patients in Healthcare

Introduction Psychology is one of the disciplines aimed at studying and understanding the mental aspect of human beings. Many models have been developed to explain and describe all aspects of one’s psyche. One might say that Maslow’s pyramid, his magnum opus, is a universal model that perfectly describes human needs....

Child Psychology: Playing with Cash Register Toy

At approximately the age of 3, children begin to demonstrate their individuality and independence, especially vividly for the first time. They are constantly drawing, assembling, and constructing something, which allows parents to identify their favorite activities. Thus, it is possible to use their preferred toys to develop their abilities. Consequently,...

“The War for Kindness” by Jamil Zaki

The War for Kindness, authored by Jamil Zaki, explores empathy in a fascinating way. Zaki defines the evolutionary role of affinity as increasing collaboration and hence improving the likelihood of survival. He also has shown how it can be taught as a skill and altered in the lab, emphasizing how,...

Adolescent Counseling and Developmental Theories

Introduction All humans have fundamental necessities that vary at different stages in life. For the adolescent, due to the significant social and emotional development occurring, these demands are even more apparent. For such as demographic, belonging entails experiencing a sense of acceptance and harmony with their immediate surrounding and desired...

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Case Study

In this work, a case study of a patient who needs to be prescribed treatment is carried out. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (or CBT) is a technique that highlights the unconscious motivations of a person, brings them to a conscious level, helps to change beliefs and behavior that cause unstable and other...

Bystander Effect on Everyday Life and Consequences

Introduction In the presence of two or more people, a victim of an emergency is subject to more suffering compared to the case when only one person is present. This introduces the issue of the bystander effect, otherwise known as Genovese Syndrome, a psychological problem that affects one’s ability to...

Behaviorism as a Theory of Personality

Behaviorism appeared as a critical response to psychoanalytic theory that was suggested by Sigmund Freud. Many notable psychologists such as Edward Thorndike, John Watson, Ivan Pavlov, Burrhus Skinner, and others were convinced that in order to explain natural laws of human behavior, psychology should develop scientific methodology and conduct an...

Differences in Shopping Behavior of Men and Women

Retail business is one of the largest businesses in terms of revenue generated and certainly the largest business in terms of number of participants. We all are retail buyers and buy different merchandize to satiate our needs and aspirations. Though we all indulge in shopping, there is a special relationship...

The Development of Adolescents

In life, children must pass through several stages and they take specific steps on their way to becoming adults. Usually, there are four stages which people take towards becoming adults; there is infancy which if of the children at the age of two years, early childhood is the age between...

Middle Child Syndrome: Impact on Personality

US psychologist Alfred Adler developed a theory that linked a child’s personality to its order of birth. Adler’s theory postulates that a middle child in the family may feel squeezed out of a position of privilege and significance. It may even be tempered and have a take it or leave...

Cognitive Processes: Perception, Attention, Memory

Introduction Cognitive development entails the development of different processes such as learning, perception, memory, and attention, which allow human beings to gain knowledge and understand their surroundings. As a result, these cognitive processes serve different purposes in the human lifespan developmental stages and cognition in particular. For instance, memory is...

Piaget’s vs. Vygotsky’s Cognitive Development Theories

Are you about to write a Vygotsky vs. Piaget essay? Then, check out our essay sample to get some ideas and inspiration! Here, you’ll find differences and similarities between Piaget vs. Vygotsky cognitive development theories.  Abstract Numerous theories explain the process of cognitive development from childhood to adulthood. However, the...

Disney Princess Effect: Impact on Young Girls’ Development

Introduction The article “Little Girls or Little Women, The Disney Princess Effect” focuses on the impact that the “Disney Princess Culture” has had on the emotional and psychological development of young girls. Its line of reasoning focuses on the princess culture creating an adverse mindset in little girls wherein they...

The Grit TED Talk by Duckworth: Critical Analysis

The subject of this critical essay is a lecture by Angela Lee Duckworth, that they gave during their Ted Talk titled Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance. They explained, how the IQ of her students was not the main predictor of academic performance in the math class they taught....

Conformity, Deviance, and Crime

The issues of the occurrence of deviance and the ways in which it affects society have been objects of interest in the field of sociology for decades. Deviance can be defined as nonconformity to sets of norms accepted by a substantial number of people in society or a community (Giddens...

Freud’s Theory of Child Development

Introduction Freud’s theory of child development focuses on personality, and it defines how an individual behaves, feels, and thinks. Therefore, a child grows up unique depending on the issues they went through when they were young. As a child grows, they develop long-term characteristics that they hold throughout their life,...

Long-Term Memory and Biblical Knowledge Plan

Long-term memory can provide access to multiple opportunities for learning if understood and applied properly. With current research and universally accepted information on how memory encoding and retrieval work, it is possible to design pathways to acquire new Christianity-related knowledge easily. This paper presents a plan for the development of...

Child Development Observation

For my observation, I have viewed video recordings of three separate groups of children being engaged in play. The first video seems to show two caretakers playing with two children, using toy balls and cubes. The second, imaginative play video, contains three toddlers playing with the caretaker who is talking...

Mother Teresa’s Analysis in Humanistic Psychology

Introduction and Background Mother Teresa was a missionary and nun in the Catholic Church, born in Albania, Macedonia, in 1910 to the family of Nikola and Dranafile Bojaxhiu. She became a teacher in India for more than 17 years before becoming the headmistress of Loreto convent, Calcutta, in 1944 (Morariu,...

The Role of Psychology in Everyday Life

The Profound and Pervasive Impact of past Psychological Knowledge The scope of psychological knowledge accumulated throughout history if the development of this science has dramatically determined how it influences people’s lives. As Zimbardo (2004) states, some aspects of psychology have become so common for people that they take them for...